臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要是利用經由連續批式活性污泥法(Sequencing batch reactor, SBR)系統馴養穩定之污泥，利用污泥密度指數(Silt density index, SDI)檢測設備及UF(Ultrafiltration)薄膜模型廠進行積垢潛勢之研究，探討生物處理程序放流水之積垢潛勢。
本研究SBR馴養穩定之條件為SRT 15天，操作之兩種處理程序分別為傳統活性污泥法及厭氧-好氧(A/O)活性污泥法，以比較不同出流水對薄膜積垢影響之潛勢。在SDI試驗中可發現，低濁度水樣並無法代表低SDI值，經UF薄膜程序後之出流水濁度與先前經SDI預處理之出流水濁度相比較，可發現其濁度可進一步被降低，但其情形並不顯著，操作之流量、DOC濃度及壓力皆為一相互關係，即為在流量明顯降低的同時，壓力會隨之提高，而DOC濃度也會明顯減少，在經UF薄膜程序後之出流水進行SDI可發現，其SDI值皆有顯著下降，而出流水之DOC含量也有其去除效果。
研究結果顯示，在120小時之UF薄膜過濾實驗中，UF薄膜之流量、壓力及DOC濃度呈現密切之關係，在流量尚未降低前，壓力與DOC濃度無明顯變化。經過一段時間之操作後，可發現當流量降低時，壓力明顯提高3至7psi，同時DOC濃度有明顯下降，濃度降低約±2mg/L。由此結果研判放流水中之溶解性有機碳在通過UF薄膜後，即會造成薄膜阻塞，而此趨勢隨著稀釋倍數不同，阻塞時間也隨之不同。

In this research, the activated sludge was acclimated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR).The sludge density index (Silt density index) and UF (Ultrafiltrtion) membrane were used to study the fouling potential of biological processes effluent (biological wastewater treatment processes) and the potential impact of fouling factors.
The SBR was operated under the condition SRT 15 days. The effluent of activated sludge (AS) and anaerobic - aerobic (A / O) process were used to explore the different impact on the membrane fouling. Experimented result showed that low-turbidity water samples are not representated of the low SDI value.
The SDI and turbidity can be found further reduced affen UF membrane filtration.
The flow rate, DOC concentration and pressure are all a relationship, that is, the flow was significantly reduced at the same time, pressure will increase as the DOC content will be significantly reduced.
The results show for the experiments to 120 hours, the UF membrane of the pressure and flow both had the close relationship between the DOC content. Before the flow had not yet decreased, the pressure and the DOC content were not significant be changed, after a period of time that flow was decreased, the pressure was significantly increased 3 to 7psi, and accompanied by the DOC content was decreased significantly about ± 2mg / L . Judged by the results of the dissolved organic carbon , while the effluent crossed to the UF membrane, that will cause the membrane obstruction. And this trend with the different dilution, the block time will be change. And by the UF membrane module of the water effluent, the SDI value and turbidity of the phenomenon were both decrease.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 IV
總目錄 V
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 二級生物處理 3
2.2 溶解性微生物產物 5
2.2.1溶解性微生物產物之定義 5
2.2.2 溶解性微生物產物之特性 6
2.2.3 影響溶解性微生物產物之因素 7
2.2.4 溶解性微生物產物之分析方法 9
2.3 SBR 原理 9
2.4薄膜種類及處理技術 11
2.5薄膜操作影響因素 17
2.6薄膜積垢指標及其評估方式 21
第三章 研究方法與設備 22
3.1研究方法 22
3.1.1 研究架構 22
3.1.2 實驗設計 24
3.2 實驗設備 29
3.2.1 SBR 模型槽 29
3.2.2薄膜過濾模廠設備 30
3.2.3污泥密度指數設備 32
3.2.4實驗基質 33
3.3 分析方法及設備 35
3.3.1 分析項目及方法 35
3.3.2 分析方法 35
3.3.3 分析設備 35
四、結果與討論 36
4.1 SBR 系統之馴養 36
4.1.1 AS-SBR 系統馴養 36
4.1.2 AO-SBR 系統馴養 39
4.2 SBR 系統出流水之淤泥密度指數 42
4.2.1 淤泥密度指數與濁度 42
4.2.2 淤泥密度指數與累積流量曲線 43
4.3 SBR系統出流水之溶解性微生物產物 46
4.4 AO-SBR出流水經UF薄膜過濾之探討 48
4.4.1 AO-SBR出流水稀釋100倍之積垢特性 48
4.4.2出流水稀釋90倍之積垢特性 52
4.4.3出流水稀釋80倍之積垢特性 55
4.4.4出流水稀釋70倍之積垢特性 58
4.4.5出流水稀釋60倍之積垢特性 62
4.4.6出流水稀釋50倍之積垢特性 65
4.5 AS-SBR出流水經UF薄膜過濾之探討 69
4.5.1 AS-SBR出流水稀釋100倍之積垢特性 69
4.5.2出流水稀釋90倍之積垢特性 72
4.5.3出流水稀釋80倍之積垢特性 76
4.5.4出流水稀釋70倍之積垢特性 79
4.5.5出流水稀釋60倍之積垢特性 83
4.5.6出流水稀釋50倍之積垢特性 86
4.6 AO-SBR及AS-SBR出流水之薄膜積垢潛勢評估 90
第五章 結論與建議 98
5.1 結論 98
5.2 建議 99
參考文獻 100
附錄A-1 108
附錄B-1 109

表目錄
表2-1 薄膜種類及孔徑大小等範圍 ..................................................... 14
表3-1 實驗規劃表 ................................................................................ 26
表3-2 人工調配合成基質主要成分 ..................................................... 33
表3-3 AS 及AO 活性污泥人工合成基質之濃度................................ 34
表3-4 水質項目之分析方法 ................................................................ 35
表4-1 AS-SBR 經SDI 後之進出流水濁度及SDI 值 ........................ 43
表4-2 AO-SBR 經SDI 後之進出流水濁度及SDI 值 ....................... 43
表4-3 AS 50 至100 倍稀釋倍數之VMAX 及KF 值 .............................. 45
表4-4 AO 50 至100 倍稀釋倍數之VMAX 及KF 值 ......................... 46
表4-5 AO-SDI 出流水及AO-UF 出流水之SDI 值 ........................... 93
表4-6 AS-SDI 出流水及AS-UF 出流水之SDI 值 ............................. 93
表4-7 AO-UF 薄膜之進出流水中溶解性有機物濃度變化 ................ 94
表4-8 AS-UF 薄膜之進出流水中溶解性有機物濃度變化 ................. 95


圖目錄
圖2-1 微生物的生長階段（左側）和內源性呼吸階段（右側）的形成
模式(ZENG ET AL ., 2010) .................................................................... 6
圖 2-2 酚及葡萄糖批次實驗之SMPS 變化情形(BOREO ET AL.,
1991) ....................................................................................................... 7
圖2-3 薄膜過濾方式(林氏，2007) ..................................................... 16
圖3-1 研究架構圖 ............................................................................... 23
圖3-2 AS 活性污泥循環操作模式 ....................................................... 24
圖3-3 AO 活性污泥循環操作模式 ...................................................... 24
圖3-4 SBR 反應槽設備示意圖 ............................................................ 29
圖3-5 UF 薄膜模廠設備圖 .................................................................. 31
圖3-6 SDI 設備示意圖 ......................................................................... 32
圖4-1 AS-MLSS 七日連續平均監測 .................................................. 37
圖4-2 AS-SVI 七日連續平均監測 ...................................................... 37
圖4-3 AS-SCOD 七日連續平均監測 .................................................. 38
圖4-4 AO-MLSS 七日連續平均監測 ................................................. 40
圖4-5 AO-SVI 七日連續平均監測 ..................................................... 40
圖4-6 AO-SCOD 七日連續平均 ........................................................ 41
圖4-7 AO-SBR 正磷酸鹽七日連續平均 ............................................ 41
圖4-8 AS-SDI 累積曲線 ..................................................................... 44
圖4-9 AO-SDI 累積曲線 ..................................................................... 44
圖4-10 AS 之SMPC 及SMPP 含量 ..................................................... 47
圖4-11 AO 之SMPC 及SMPP 含量 ..................................................... 47
圖4-12 AO-SBR-UF- 100 之流量與壓力 ............................................ 49
圖4-13 AO-SBR-UF- 100 及AO-SBR-UF- 90 之累積曲線 ............... 50
圖4-14 AO-SBR-UF- 100 之線性迴歸 ................................................ 50
圖4-15 AO-SBR-UF- 100 之溶解性有機碳濃度................................. 51
圖4-16 AO-SBR-UF- 90 之流量與壓力 .............................................. 53
圖4-17 AO-SBR-UF- 90 之線性迴歸 .................................................. 54
圖4-18 AO-SBR-UF- 90 之DOC 濃度 ............................................... 54
圖4-19 AO-SBR-UF- 80 之流量與壓力 .............................................. 56
圖4-20 AO-SBR-UF- 80 之DOC 濃度 ............................................... 57
圖4-21 AO-SBR-UF- 80 之累積曲線 .................................................. 57
圖4-22 AO-SBR-UF- 80 之線性迴歸 .................................................. 58
圖4-23 AO-SBR-UF-70 流量與壓力 ................................................... 60
圖4-24 AO-SBR-UF-70 之累積曲線 ................................................... 60
圖4-25 AO-SBR-UF-70 之線性迴歸 ................................................... 61
圖4-26 AO-SBR-UF-70 之DOC 濃度 ................................................ 61
圖4-27 AO-SBR-UF-60 流量與壓力 ................................................... 62
圖4-28 AO-SBR-UF-60 之累積曲線 ................................................... 63
圖4-29 AO-SBR-UF-60 之線性迴歸 ................................................... 64
圖4-30 AO-SBR-UF-60 之DOC 濃度 ................................................ 65
圖4-31 AO-SBR-UF-50 流量與壓力 ................................................... 66
圖4-32 AO-SBR-UF-50 之累積曲線 ................................................... 67
圖4-33 AO-SBR-UF-50 之線性迴歸 ................................................... 67
圖4-34 AO-SBR-UF-50 之DOC 濃度 ................................................ 68
圖4-35 AS-SBR-UF- 100 之流量與壓力 ............................................. 70
圖4-36 AS-SBR-UF- 100 及AO-SBR-UF- 90 之累積曲線 ................ 70
圖4-37 AS-SBR-UF- 100 之線性迴歸 ................................................. 71
圖4-38 AS-SBR-UF- 100 之溶解性有機碳濃度 ................................. 72
圖4-39 AS-SBR-UF- 90 之流量與壓力 ............................................... 74
圖4-40 AS-SBR-UF-90 之累積曲線 .................................................... 74
圖4-41 AS-SBR-UF- 90 之線性迴歸 ................................................... 75
圖4-42 AS-SBR-UF- 90 之DOC 濃度 ................................................ 75
圖4-43 AS-SBR-UF- 80 之流量與壓力 ............................................... 77
圖4-44 AS-SBR-UF- 80 之累積曲線 ................................................... 78
圖4-45 AS-SBR-UF- 80 之線性迴歸 ................................................... 78
圖4-46 AS-SBR-UF- 80 之DOC 濃度 ................................................ 79
圖4-47 AS-SBR-UF-70 流量與壓力 .................................................... 81
圖4-48 AS-SBR-UF-70 之累積曲線 .................................................... 81
圖4-49 AS-SBR-UF-70 之線性迴歸 .................................................... 82
圖4-50 AS-SBR-UF-70 之DOC 濃度 ................................................. 82
圖4-51 AS-SBR-UF-60 流量與壓力 .................................................... 83
圖4-52 AS-SBR-UF-60 之累積曲線 .................................................... 84
圖4-53 AS-SBR-UF-60 之線性迴歸 .................................................... 85
圖4-54 AS-SBR-UF-60 之DOC 濃度 ................................................. 86
圖4-55 AS-SBR-UF-50 流量與壓力 .................................................... 87
圖4-56 AS-SBR-UF-50 之累積曲線 .................................................... 88
圖4-57 AS-SBR-UF-50 之線性迴歸 .................................................... 88
圖4-58 AS-SBR-UF-50 之DOC 濃度 ................................................. 89

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