臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

以人工溼地系統處理廢水為一自然淨化程序，在淨化水質過程中，不需添加任何化學藥劑，且操作、維護簡單，應用於污染物質單純之校園污水的處理，具有言午多優點，系統中有會存在言午多的生物物種，有如一個小型生態系統，除具備廢污水處理及再利用?能外，更具教育?能
本研究主要是以三個不同校園溼地系統之差異，以其等對各項污染物之去除效能做比較分析。結果指出，對各項污染物之去除效率分別為：嘉南藥理科技大學小型人工溼地模場之生化需氧量(BOD)及化學需氧量(COD)之去除率為55.7%及62.1%、氨氮(NH4-N)及正磷酸鹽(PO4-P)之去除率為36.8%及36.7%、大腸桿菌(E.coli)及總懸浮固體物(TSS)之平均去除率為96.4%及69.9%；光華女中人工溼地暨景觀池之BOD及COD之去除率為66.3%及40.3%、NH4-N之去除率為39.08%、E.coli及TSS之平均去除率為87.10%及1.64%；國立成奶j學建築系人工溼地系統之BOD及COD之去除率為79.9%及63.3%、NH4-N及PO4-P之去除率為53.3%及59.6%、E.coli及TSS之平均去除率為100%及86.7%。最後，利用三個校園溼地系統之構築及污水性質的差異，討論校園污水經處理後之循環再利用性及其?能性

The wastewater treatment using the constructed wetland (CW) system is one natural purifying process. There are many advantages for the method of CW is used to treat the wastewater in the campus. For example, its operation and maintenance are simple, and it is not necessary to adding any chemicals during the proceeding.
In this study, three different types of CW system in different campus were used to treat the campus wastewater and discussed by the treatment efficiencies. The results showed that, the average removal efficiency of BOD5, COD, NH4-N, PO4-P, E.col i, and TSS for the pilot-scale CW system in Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science were 55.7%, 62.1%, 36.8%, 36.7%, 96.4%, and 69.9%, respectively. The average removal efficiency of BOD5, COD, NH4-N, E.coli, and TSS for the CW system in Kuang Hua Girls’ Senior High School were 74.8%, 6.9%, 53.3%, 98.9%, and9.17%, respectively. And for the CW in National Cheng Kung University, the average removal efficiency of BOD5, COD, NH4-N, PO4-P, E.coli, and TSS were 79.9%, 63.3%, 53.3%, 59.6%, 100%, and 86.7%, respectively. The different efficiencies for three CW systems were also discussed by the different constructs and wastewater characters.

目 錄

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要…………………………………..…………………………………II
目錄……………………………………………...………………….……….III
表目錄…………………………………………………………………...…...VI
圖目錄………………………………………………………...…….……….VII
符鼎w義………………………………………….…………………….……XI

第一章 前言………………………………………………………………….1
1-1 研究動機………………………...………...………….……….……1
1-2 研究方向及目的……….……………….………………………....2

第二章 文獻回顧……………...………………………………….………….3
2-1 生態工法……………...….…………………………………...…….3
2-1-1 生態工法基本介紹…..….……………………………......…3
2-1-2 生態工法之演變……………………...……..………………4
2-2 溼地簡介………….…...…………………………….……...………5
2-2-1 分類與架構………...…..……………………………………5
2-2-2 水生植物種類及其弁遄K…...……………..……....………6
2-2-3 人工溼地存在之弁鄔吽K…………………...……………..7
2-2-4 人工溼地去除污染物之機制………...…….……………….7
2-3 校園人工溼地……………….……………...….………………….11
2-3-1 校園污水之特性質…………...………..…………………..11
2-3-2 校園內採用人工溼地之優點……………….…..………..12
2-3-3 經人工溼地處理校園污水之再利用……………….……..13

第三章 實驗設備與研究方法………………...……………………………21
3-1 人工溼地系統之配置與操作…………....…….……………...…..21
3-1-1 嘉南藥理科技大學小型人工溼地實驗模場………...…....21
3-1-2 光華女中之小型校園人工溼地暨景觀生態……..…........22
3-1-3 國立成奶j學建築系溼地系統……………….….……….23
3-2 水樣採集及水質監測分析…………….………………………….24
3-2-1 水樣採集………………….….…………………………….24
3-2-2 水質分析項目及方法…………………….………………..24
3-3 污染物處理效能之評估…………………………......……………25

第四章 結果與討論………………………….………..……………………33
4-1 物理性監測.………………….……………………………………33
4-1-1 水溫………….……….…………………………………….33
4-1-2 酸鹼值…………….….…………………………………….33
4-1-3 溶氧………………………….……………………………..34
4-1-4 氧化還原電位………………….…………………………..34
4-2 人工溼地系統中各項污染物之去效率…………………..………35
4-2-1 BOD之去除效率………….………….…………………….35
4-2-2 COD之去除效率……………..……….……………………37
4-2-3 TSS之去除效率……………………………..………………38
4-2-4 NH4-N之去除效率………………..……………………….40
4-2-5 PO4-P之去除效率…………..……………………..………42
4-2-6 大腸菌類之去除效率…………………………….………..43
4-3 污染物之單位面積負荷對出流濃度與去除速率的影響………..…45
4-3-1 BOD5單位面積負荷與出流濃度及去除速率之關係………..45
4-3-2 COD單位面積負荷與出流濃度及去除速率之關係……....46
4-3-3 TSS單位面積負荷與出流濃度及去除速率之關係……….....47
4-3-4 NH4-N單位面積負荷與出流濃度及去除速率之關係….....47
4-3-5 PO4-P單位面積負荷與出流濃度及去除速率之關係…...…...48
4-3-6 大腸菌類單位面積負荷與出流濃度及去除速率之關係…...48
4-4 動力學模式解釋…………………………………………………..50
4-5 各校園人工溼地系統之比較……………………………………..51
4-5-1主要污水來源及構築型態之差異……………..…………..51
4-5-2 溼地處理效能之差異性…………………………………...52
4-6 人工溼地系統之弁鄔妏B用……………………………………..53
4-6-1 污水處理後之弁鈶野峞K………………………………...54

第五章 結論與建議……………..…………………………...…………..…111
5-1 結論………………………………………………………..……..111
5-2 研究建議………………………………………………………..113

第六章 參考文獻………………………..…………………….……………115
附 錄……………………………………………………………………….123

表 目 錄

表2-1-1 生態工程與環境工程之比較……………………………………..15
表2-2-1 水、植物、介質對人工溼地之重要性……...…………………….16
表2-2-2 水生植物之類型...………………………………………..……….17
表2-2-3 人工溼地去除污染物之主要機制………………………………..18
表2-2-4 氮在系統中之轉換途徑…………………………………………..19
表3-1-1 各系統之進流量及水力負荷…………………………………..…28
表3-2-1 各項分析方法與分析儀器………………………………………..29
表4-1-1 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場之各項物理性之平均值………………..55
表4-1-2 光華小型人工溼地之各項物理性之平均值……………………..55
表4-1-3 成大建築系人工溼地之各項物理性之平均值…………………..55
表4-2-1 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場各污染物進出流之濃度變化…………..56
表4-2-2 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場各污染物之平均去除效率…. ……..…..56
表4-2-3 光華小型人工溼系統各污染物進出流之濃度變化……………..57
表4-2-4 成大建築系人工溼系統各污染物進出流之濃度變化…………..57
表4-4-1 FWS與SSF溼地於不同水力負荷以零階柱塞流動力學模式所求
得之去除速率常數…………………………….……….….…….58
表4-4-2 FWS與SSF溼地於不同水力負荷以一階柱塞流動力學模式所求
得之去除速率常數………………………………………………58
表4-5-1 各校園人工溼地系統之比較……………………………………..59


圖 目 錄

圖2-2-1 溼地污染物去除過程……………………………………………..20
圖3-1-1 嘉南藥理科技大學小型人工溼地實驗模場…….……………….30
圖3-1-2 光華女中人工溼地暨景觀生態池示意圖………………………..31
圖3-1-3 國立成奶j學建築系溼地系統配置……………………………..32
圖4-1-1 各校園溼地系統進出流之溫度變化……………………………..60
圖4-1-2 各校園溼地系統進出流之pH變化……………………………...61
圖4-1-3 各校園溼地系統進出流之DO變化……………………………..62
圖4-1-4 各校園溼地系統進出流之ORP變化……………………..……..63
圖4-2-1 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場BOD之濃度變化………………………64
圖4-2-2 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場入流BOD月平均濃度與去除效率……64
圖4-2-3 光華小型人工溼地系統BOD之濃度變化………………………65
圖4-2-4 光華小型人工溼地系統入流BOD濃度與去除效率……………65
圖4-2-5 成大建築系工溼地系統BOD之濃度變化………………………66
圖4-2-6 成大建築系人工溼地系統入流BOD濃度與去除效率…………66
圖4-2-7 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場COD之濃度變化………………………67
圖4-2-8 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場入流COD月平均濃度與去除效率……..67
圖4-2-9 光華小型人工溼地系統COD之濃度變化………………………68
圖4-2-10 光華小型人工溼地系統入流COD濃度與去除效率…………..68
圖4-2-11 成大建築系工溼地系統COD之濃度變化……………………...69
圖4-2-12 成大建築系人工溼地系統入流COD濃度與去除效率………..69
圖4-2-13 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場TSS之濃度變化………………………70
圖4-2-14 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場入流TSS月平均濃度與去除效率……70
圖4-2-15 光華小型人工溼地系統TSS之濃度變化………………………71
圖4-2-16 光華小型人工溼地系統入流TSS濃度與去除效率……………71
圖4-2-17 成大建築系工溼地系統TSS之濃度變化………………………72
圖4-2-18 成大建築系人工溼地系統入流TSS濃度與去除效率…………72
圖4-2-19 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場NH4-N之濃度變化……………………73
圖4-2-20 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場入流NH4-N月平均濃度與去除效率…..73
圖4-2-21 光華小型人工溼地系統NH4-N之濃度變化………………………74
圖4-2-22 光華小型人工溼地系統入流NH4-N濃度與去除效率…….……74
圖4-2-23 成大建築系工溼地系統NH4-N之濃度變化………………..…...75
圖4-2-24 成大建築系人工溼地系統入流NH4-N濃度與去除效率.……...75
圖4-2-25 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場PO4-P之濃度變化………………..…….76
圖4-2-26 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場入流PO4-P月平均濃度與去除效率…...76
圖4-2-27 光華小型人工溼地系統PO4-P之濃度變化………………..…….77
圖4-2-28 光華小型人工溼地系統入流PO4-P濃度與去除效率……..…….77
圖4-2-29 成大建築系工溼地系統PO4-P之濃度變化………………..…….78
圖4-2-30 成大建築系人工溼地系統入流PO4-P濃度與去除效率…..…….78
圖4-2-31 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場E.coli之濃度變化………………...…….79
圖4-2-32 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場入流E.coli月平均濃度與去除效……….79
圖4-2-33 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場Total coliform之濃度變化………...……80
圖4-2-34 嘉藥小型人工溼地模場入流Total coliform月平均濃度與去除
效率……………..……………………………………………….80
圖4-2-35 光華小型人工溼地系統E.coli之濃度變化………………….….81
圖4-2-36 光華小型人工溼地系統入流E.coli濃度與去除效率……..…….81
圖4-2-37 光華小型人工溼地系統Total coliform之濃度變化………….…82
圖4-2-38 光華小型人工溼地系統入流Total coliform濃度與去除效率.…82
圖4-2-39 成大建築系工溼地系統E.coli之濃度變化…………..………….83
圖4-2-40 成大建築系人工溼地系統入流E.coli濃度與去除效率………….83
圖4-2-41 成大建築系工溼地系統Total coliform之濃度變化………..….…84
圖4-2-42 成大建築系人工溼地系統入流Total coliform濃度與去除效率…84
圖4-3-1 CW系統中BOD5出流濃度與單位面積負荷之關係……………….85
圖4-3-2 CW系統中BOD5去除速率與單位面積負荷之關係……………….86
圖4-3-3 CW系統中COD出流濃度與單位面積負荷之關係………..……..87
圖4-3-4 CW系統中COD去除速率與單位面積負荷之關係……………..88
圖4-3-5 CW系統中TSS出流濃度與單位面積負荷之關係……………..…98
圖4-3-6 CW系統中TSS去除速率與單位面積負荷之關係………………...90
圖4-3-7 CW系統中NH4-N出流濃度與單位面積負荷之關係………………91
圖4-3-8 CW系統中NH4-N去除速率與單位面積負荷之關係………………92
圖4-3-9 CW系統中PO4-P出流濃度與單位面積負荷之關係………...……93
圖4-3-10 CW系統中PO4-P去除速率與單位面積負荷之關係……………..94
圖4-3-11 CW系統中Total coliform出流濃度與單位面積負荷之關係……..95
圖4-3-12 CW系統中Total coliform去除速率與單位面積負荷之關係……..96
圖4-4-1 以零階柱塞動力學模式解釋BOD在不同水力負荷下之濃度變
化……………………………………………………………..……97
圖4-4-2 以零階柱塞動力學模式解釋COD在不同水力負荷下之濃度變
化…………………………………..…………………………………98
圖4-4-3 以零階柱塞動力學模式解釋TSS在不同水力負荷下之濃度變
化……………………………………………………………..…...99
圖4-4-4 以零階柱塞動力學模式解釋NH4-N在不同水力負荷下之濃度
變化…………………...……………………………………….……100
圖4-4-5 以零階柱塞動力學模式解釋PO4-P在不同水力負荷下之濃度變
化……………………………………………………………………101
圖4-4-6 以零階柱塞動力學模式解釋E.coli在不同水力負荷下之濃度
變化………………………………………………………..………102
圖4-4-7 以零階柱塞動力學模式解釋Total coliform在不同水力負荷下
之濃度變化………………………………………………….…..103
圖4-4-8 以一階柱塞動力學模式解釋BOD在不同水力負荷下之濃度變
化………………………………….………………………….……..104
圖4-4-9 以一階柱塞動力學模式解釋COD在不同水力負荷下之濃度變
化……………………………………..……………………………105
圖4-4-10 以一階柱塞動力學模式解釋TSS在不同水力負荷下之濃度
變化………………………………..………………………..………106
圖4-4-11 以一階柱塞動力學模式解釋NH4-N在不同水力負荷下之濃
度變化…………………..…………………………...…………….107
圖4-4-12 以一階柱塞動力學模式解釋PO4-P在不同水力負荷下之濃度
變化……………………………………………….………………108
圖4-4-13 以一階柱塞動力學模式解釋E.coli在不同水力負荷下之濃度
變化…………………………………………………………..……109
圖4-4-14 以一階柱塞動力學模式解釋Total coliform在不同水力負荷
下之濃度變化………………………………………………………110

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