臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

土壤中受多環芳香烴化合物 (PAHs)及氯酚等有機物污染問題愈受重視，而芳香族化合物及氯酚在環境中由於自然因素如森林火災、油品及有機溶劑不當棄置為主或人類相關的製程而生成，再藉由水或空氣途徑污染土壤。而運用植生復育受有機污染物之土壤，為近年來廣受重視整治技術，本研究中，運用黑麥草與黃豆整治復育受有機物污染的土壤，並另外添加二氧化錳 （δ-MnO2）觸媒質，藉此比較不同處理的土壤對芘 （Pyrene）的降解情形，以人工添加Pyrene作為污染土壤，利用盆栽試驗種植黑麥草及黃豆，本試驗分為四種處理，分別為對組照、不種植、添加5%的有機質、添加5%的有機質與1% 二氧化錳 (δ-MnO2)、添加1%的二氧化錳（δ-MnO2）觸媒使用植物降解及植物配合觸媒四種不同處理的降解效果。結果顯示添加5%的有機質於Pyrene濃度為150 mg kg-1、300 mg kg-1、450 mg kg-1之污染土壤中，種植黑麥草對Pyrene降解率分別為93%、92%、89%，種植黃豆對Pyrene降解率分別為90%、93%、88%，而添加1% 二氧化錳（δ-MnO2）觸媒Pyrene污染土壤中，種植黑麥草Pyrene降解率分別為90%、90%、87%，種植黃豆對Pyrene降解率分別為89%、91%、90%，結果顯示種植黑麥草與黃豆對三種不同Pyrene濃度污染土壤之降解率可達87%~93%，對照組Pyrene濃度污染土壤之降解率可達80%~85%，與添加1% δ-MnO2觸媒之Pyrene污染土壤之降解率有顯著差異，建議以黑麥草和黃豆植生復育處理受Pyrene污染土壤。

In the soil organic matter contamination concerns and so on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound and chlorphenol has received takes seriously. But aromatic compound and cholrphenol in environment. Because natural factor like forest-fire oil quality and organic solvent not, when abandons primarily or humanitys related system regulation like metropolis and the industry activity produces. Again because of water or in air way contaminated soil ground water.
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for the remeaiation.Using plants for the remediation of the organic pollutant soil. In recent years phytoremediation is an emerging technology of the soil remediation. this study used ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and soy bean (Glycine max) improvement of the organic matter pollution soil. Also added catalysts manganes oxide (δ-MnO2) to compare different treatment the degradation of pyrene.This research carries on increases Pyrene to take the contaminated soil artificially, the use pot experiment planter ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and soy bean (Glycine max).Each treatment had four replicates. Control、not planted、5% OM additions、5% OM additions and 1% MnO2、1% MnO2 additions. The result showed that increases 5% raise earth in the Pyrene density is 150 mg kg-1, 300 mg kg-1, of contaminated soil in 450 mg kg-1, the ryegrass to the Pyrene degeneration rate respectively is 93%, 92%, 89%. the soy bean to the Pyrene degeneration rate respectively is 90%, 93%, 88%. But increases 1% MnO2 in the Pyrene density is 150 mg kg-1, 300 mg kg-1, of contaminated soil in 450 mg kg-1 the ryegrass to the Pyrene degeneration rate respectively is 90%, 90%, 87%. the soy bean to the Pyrene degeneration rate respectively is 89%, 91%, 90%. The result demonstrated that the ryegrass and soy bean pyrene degradation reached to 87%~93%. The control ryegrass and soy bean pyrene degradation reached to 80%~85%. And is increasing 1% MnO2 catalyst to have degeneration of rate the Pyrene contaminated soil the remarkable difference, therefore suggested that if plants by the perennial ryegrass and soy bean phytoremediation processing the Pyrene contaminated soil.

目錄
誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 PAHs之來源與特性 5
2.2 植生復育技術處理受多環芳香烴氫化合物之污染土壤 11
2.3 生物分解PAHs之代謝途徑 14
2.4 使用不同植生於整治受PAHs之污染土壤 15
2.5 觸媒對有機污染物之作用 18
2.6 二氧化錳之簡介 19
第三章 材料與方法 21
3.1 試驗設備材料 21
3.1.1 試驗土壤 21
3.1.2 儀器與藥品 23
3.1.3 試驗植生 23
3.1.4 δ-MnO2之製備 26
3.2 試驗方法 27
3.2.1 土壤基本分析 27
3.2.2 人工污染Pyrene土壤之配製 29
3.2.3 樣品分析 30
3.2.3.1 土壤中萃取Pyrene 30
3.2.3.2 土壤中水溶性酚 31
3.2.3.3 植體中Pyrene之萃取 31
3.2.3.4 土壤中之總菌落數(CFU)分析 31
3.2.3.5 生育調查 32
3.2.3.6 植體根部菌根菌調查 32
3.2.3.7 根圈土壤中LMWOAs 萃取、濃縮與淨化 32
3.2.3.9 非揮發酸LMWOAs 分析 33
3.3 生物濃縮因子BCF值計算 33
第四章 結果與討論 34
4.1 不同植物降解Pyrene盆栽試驗 (先期試驗) 34
4.1.1 植物生質量 34
4.1.2 植生降解Pyrene之土壤總菌落數 38
4.1.3 三種處理土壤中之Pyrene降解率 39
4.2 不同植物降解Pyrene盆栽試驗 (第二次) 42
4.2.1 植物生育調查 (第二次) 42
4.2.2 二種土壤中Pyrene之降解率 48
4.2.3 植生降解Pyrene土壤之總菌落數 60
4.2.4 土壤中水溶性酚類 65
4.2.5 不同處理植體中Pyrene含量 70
4.2.6 不同處理生物濃縮因子BCF (Bioconcentration Factor)之探討 72
4.3 不同植物降解Pyrene盆栽試驗 (第三次) 78
4.3.1 植物生育調查 (第三次) 78
4.3.2 二種土壤中Pyrene之降解率 85
4.3.3 植生降解Pyrene土壤之總菌落數 95
4.3.4 土壤中水溶性酚類 100
4.3.5 不同處理植體中Pyrene含量 103
4.3.6 不同處理生物濃縮因子BCF (Bioconcentration Fact)之探討 103
4.3.7 水溶性有機酸 (非揮發性) 108
4.3.8 Pyrene與分析參數之相關性 111
第五章 結論與建議 112
5.1 結論 112
5.2 建議 113
參考文獻 114
附錄 120
表目錄
表2-1 有機物揮發性分類表 6
表2-2 國際組織對PAHs致癌性之研究 9
表2-3 16種PAHs物質的基本特性 10
表3-1 試驗土壤之基本特性分析 22
表3-2 所使用之儀器廠牌與型號 24
表3-3 所使用之材料與藥品 25
表3-4 Pyrene物化特性 30
表3-5 HPLC儀器條件 30
表4-1 種植經80天後土壤中總菌落數 38
表4-2 三種不同處理與二種土壤在四種不同Pyrene濃度之黑麥草與黃豆發芽率 45
表4-3三種不同處理與二種土壤在四種不同Pyrene濃度之黑麥草與黃豆發芽率 81
表4-4 沖積土種植黑麥草之土壤中水溶性有機酸(未處理) 110
表4-5 沖積土種植黑麥草之土壤中水溶性有機酸(+5% 有機質) 110
表4- 6 Pyrene之相關性 111
圖目錄
圖1-1 研究架構圖 4
圖2-1 植生復育示意圖 14
圖2-2 生物分解PAHs之途徑 15
圖3-1本試驗使用黑麥草之種子 23
圖3-2本試驗使用黃豆之種子 23
圖3-3 δ-MnO2之製備流程 26
圖3-4場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)，分析鑑定δ-MnO2尺寸(放大1,000,000倍) 27
圖3-5 Pyrene滯留時間 31
圖4-1沖積土種植黑麥草80天後地上部與地下部之鮮重 36
圖4-2沖積土種植黑麥草80天後地上部與地下部之乾重 36
圖4-3沖積土種植黃豆80天後地上部與地下部之鮮重 37
圖4-4沖積土種植黃豆80天後地上部與地下部之乾重 37
圖4-5沖積土未種植之Pyrene之降解率 40
圖4-6沖積土種植黑麥草之Pyrene之降解率 40
圖4-7沖積土種植黃豆之Pyrene之降解率 41
圖4-8不同處理之沖積土種植黑麥草90天之株高 46
圖4-9不同處理石英砂種植黑麥草90天之株高 46
圖4-10不同處理沖積土種植黃豆90天之株高 47
圖4-11不同處理石英砂種植黃豆90天之株高 47
圖4-12沖積土種植黑麥草濃度150 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 50
圖4-13沖積土種植黑麥草濃度300 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 50
圖4-14沖積土種植黑麥草濃度450 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 52
圖4-15石英砂種植黑麥草濃度150 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 53
圖4-16石英砂種植黑麥草濃度300 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 54
圖4-17石英砂種植黑麥草濃度450 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 54
圖4-18沖積土種植黃豆濃度150 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 56
圖4-19沖積土種植黃豆濃度300 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 56
圖4-20沖積土種植黃豆濃度450 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 57
圖4-21石英砂種植黃豆濃度150 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 57
圖4-22石英砂種植黃豆濃度300 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 59
圖4-23石英砂種植黃豆濃度450 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 59
圖4-24沖積土種植黑麥草之土壤中總菌落數 61
圖4-25石英砂種植黑麥草之土壤中總菌落數 61
圖4-26沖積土種植黃豆之土壤中總菌落數 63
圖4-27石英砂種植黃豆之土壤中總菌落數 64
圖4-28沖積土種植黑麥草之土壤水溶性酚類 66
圖4-29石英砂種植黑麥草之土壤水溶性酚類 66
圖4-30沖積土種植黃豆之土壤水溶性酚類 68
圖4-31石英砂種植黃豆之土壤水溶性酚類 69
圖4-32沖積土種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(+5%有機質材) 73
圖4-33沖積土種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(+5%有機質材與+1% δ- MnO2) 74
圖4-34沖積土種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(+1% δ- MnO2) 74
圖4-35石英砂種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(+5% 有機質材) 75
圖4-36石英砂種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(+5% 有機質材與 +1% δ- MnO2) 75
圖4-37石英砂種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(+1% δ- MnO2) 76
圖4-32不同處理沖積土種植黑麥草90天之株高 83
圖4-33不同處理石英砂種植黑麥草90天之株高 84
圖4-34不同處理沖積土種植黃豆90天之株高 84
圖4-35不同處理石英砂種植黃豆90天之株高 85
圖4-36沖積土種植黑麥草濃度150 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 87
圖4-37沖積土種植黑麥草濃度300 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 88
圖4-38沖積土種植黑麥草濃度450 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 88
圖4-39石英砂種植黑麥草濃度150 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 89
圖4-40石英砂種植黑麥草濃度300 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 90
圖4-41石英砂種植黑麥草濃度450 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 91
圖4-42沖積土種植黃豆濃度150 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 91
圖4-43沖積土種植黃豆濃度300 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 92
圖4-44沖積土種植黃豆濃度450 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 93
圖4-45石英砂種植黃豆濃度150 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 93
圖4-46石英砂種植黃豆濃度300 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 94
圖4-47石英砂種植黃豆濃度450 mg kg-1之不同時間降解率 94
圖4-48沖積土種植黑麥草之土壤中總菌落數 96
圖4-49石英砂種植黑麥草之土壤中總菌落數 97
圖4-50沖積土種植黃豆之土壤中總菌落數 98
圖4-51石英砂種植黃豆之土壤中總菌落數 99
圖4-52沖積土種植黑麥草之土壤水溶性酚類 100
圖4-53石英砂種植黑麥草之土壤水溶性酚類 101
圖4-54沖積土種植黃豆之土壤水溶性酚類 101
圖4-55石英砂種植黃豆之土壤水溶性酚類 102
圖4-56沖積土種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(+5% 有機質材) 104
圖4-57沖積土種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值 (+5% 有機質材與 +1% δ- MnO2) 105
圖4-58沖積土種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(未處理) 105
圖4-59石英砂種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(+5% 有機質材) 106
圖4-60石英砂種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(+5% 有機質材與 +1% δ- MnO2) 106
圖4-61石英砂種植黑麥草不同濃度之植體BCF值(未處理) 107

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