臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

植物工廠為設施園藝的最終型態，以人工方式提供植物生長環境，可以達到全年穩定量產的目標。然而其初始建置成本高、能源消耗過大導致生產成本相較傳統農業成本高出許多。因此降低生產成本、提升資源使用效率為植物工廠所努力的重要目標。本研究分三個方向進行探討 : 育苗期給光策略、依據作物需求調整光量與二氧化碳濃度、水耕養液濃度與管理。希望能有效提升光、二氧化碳、養液離子資源使用效率。
首先，為針對作物育苗期給予不同的日累積光量，希望在育苗期投入較高的光量，以提升育成期的光能使用效率。結果顯示，在育苗期給予日累積光量(13.82 mol m-2d-1) 可有效增加萵苣苗期的鮮重與光能使用效率，然而在栽種至第4週時，各處理的相對生長速率已經接近相同，育苗期獲得的效益可能會因為受到生長空間的受限，無法有效維持到育成後期。且在育苗期光週期為24小時的整體的光使用效率反而下降。
其次，為依據作物光合作用速率調整光量與二氧化碳濃度 : 在光合作用速率快時，投入更多資源加速生產外 ; 在光合作用速率緩慢時，減少投入光量資源與二氧化碳資源，達到降低成本、提升效率的目標。結果顯示依據作物光合作用速率調整環境參數的處理組，擁有較佳的鮮重產出，所需投入照明與二氧化碳成本上降低10%~ 24%，且在光能使用效率上，可和高二氧化碳環境下的處理相同，證明依據作物所需投入資源是有效提升植物工廠效率的方法之一。
第三則為養液使用效率，可以分為兩個部分，第一部分利用不同電導度栽種並探討對於萵苣生長影響，找出最恰當的使用濃度，第二部分則利用不同換水量做為處理，在連續地栽種過程中，計算投入離子與收穫重的關係，找出最佳養液使用效率的處理。結果顯示，不同養液濃度對萵苣鮮重皆無顯著差異，代表較低濃度 (1.0 mS cm-1) 較符合經濟效益。不同換水比例於連續栽種的實驗結果上，在萵苣栽種至第三次時，各重複栽種的收穫重量已經有所下降，且作物吸收養液離子量也降低。搭配照明電力成本與養液成本探討後，在重複栽種的情況下，其生產成本會逐漸增加。然而儘管每次換水 100% 會有最佳的使用成本效益，但考量到對環境衝擊與未來法規的規範，因此建議以換水 50% 做為處理最較為適當。

The closed-type plant factory (PF) is the highest-level horticulture facility. By providing artificial environment for plants, it can reach the stable quantities as a goal in the whole year. However the cost and energy of PF initial construction are high, they lead to higher costs when it compares to Open field agriculture. Therefore, reducing the cost and enhance the efficiency become the most important goals for the PF. The study has three ways to investigate. First, use different daily light integral in lettuce seedling. Second, adjust light intensity and CO2 concentration according to the lettuce condition. Third, the best proportion of concentration of nutrition and water replacing in hydroponics. We hope these three ways can enhance the resource usage efficiency of light, CO2 and nutrient solution.
First part is using different daily light integral in lettuce seedling. We hope that when we supply more photons, it can increase the lettuce weight and can enhance the growth in usage light efficiency. As a result, using different photons can increase lettuce weight and light efficiency in lettuce seedling. However, different treatments have the same growth rate in 4 weeks. It is mean that its effect cannot remain at the later period. Also, the light period has 24 hours in seedling; it can decrease light usage efficiency when planting the later period.
Second part is depending on lettuce photosynthetic rate to give different light intensity and CO2 concentration. When the photosynthetic rate is increasing, we will supply more resource to accelerate the production. When the photosynthetic rate is decreasing, we will reduce light and CO2 resource. By this way, we can reduce the cost and enhance the efficiency. In the result, the varied treatment is depending on lettuce photosynthetic rate have the heaviest fresh weight of treatments (light-prior or CO2-prior). The cost per 100g lettuce in varied treatment was lower than the other treatments. It can reduce cost 10% - 24%. In the light use efficiency, the varied treatment has the same value with CO2-prior. It proved the proposed strategy which is based on plant demand. And it could improve the yield and decrease the operating cost effectively.
Third part is nutrient solution usage effectively. This part contains two approaches. One is using different electrical conductivity on lettuce and discusses the influence of it. The other is using different replacement quantity of nutrient solution in hydroponics. In the continuous planting, we find the relationship between calculating the ion by putting it and the lettuce fresh weight to find the best nutrient solution usage effectively. As a result, the different electrical conductivity has no significant differences in Yamasaki nutrient solution. It is appropriate for lettuce that electrical conductivity is 1.0 mS cm-1 in Yamasaki nutrient solution. When nutrient solution was planted lettuce at three times, lettuce fresh weight and ion absorption were decreasing. When we continuous plant them, the electricity illumination and nutrient solution cost will increase. Replacing all nutrient solution will be the best usage efficiency. However, considering environment effect, we don’t suggest to replace all nutrient solution. It is an appropriate treatment for only replacing 50% nutrient solution.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 x
第一章 全球趨勢與研究方向 1
第二章 植物工廠栽培環境設施建立 3
2-1完全環控型的植物工廠建立 3
2-2 立體栽培層架的架設 3
2-3 光場光量的量測 4
2-4 植物工廠萵苣栽培管理 6
2-5 實驗分析方法 7
2-6 統計檢定 8
第三章 育苗光週期與光量對於萵苣光量資源使用效率的評估 9
3-1 研究目的 9
3-2 文獻探討 10
3-2-1 光量與光週期對於植物的影響 10
3-3-2 植物工廠資源使用效率 12
3-3 材料與方法 15
3-3-1 育苗光週期與實驗設計 15
3-3-2 取樣時間與分析項目 16
3-4 結果與討論 17
3-4-1 育苗不同日累積光量對於植物的生長影響 17
3-4-2 光量資源使用效率與成本的計算 19
第四章 即時需求的環境策略對萵苣成長及資源利用效率評估 26
4-1 研究目的 26
4-2 文獻探討 27
4-2-1 光量與二氧化碳濃度對植物的影響 27
4-2-2 植物光合作用速率日變化 29
4-2-3 光量與二氧化碳對植物光合速率的影響 31
4-3 材料方法 33
4-3-1 環境控制策略的設計 33
4-3-2 環境參數的設計 37
4-3-3 萵苣栽種環境 37
4-3-4 取樣時間與分析項目 37
4-4 結果與討論 38
4-4-1植物生長及營養含量 38
4-4-2 成本與資源利用效率評估 39
第五章 萵苣養液濃度與重複栽種換水比例最佳化 42
5-1 研究目的 42
5-2 文獻探討 43
5-2-1 養液酸鹼值與電導度對於作物影響 43
5-2-2 水耕養液離子消耗與水質影響 45
5-3 材料與方法 49
5-3-1萵苣不同時期不同養液濃度的生長影響 49
5-3-2養液重複使用次數與換水量最佳效率評估 50
5-3-3 萵苣栽培環境 51
5-3-4取樣時間與分析項目 51
5-4結果與討論 52
5-4-1萵苣不同時期不同養液濃度影響 52
5-4-2 不同換水比例於重複種植的影響 54
第六章 結論 61
參考文獻 62

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