摘 要
　　本研究的主要目的在瞭解影響台灣婦女停經年齡的相關因素。以行政院衛生署於民國82年所進行「第一次國民營養健康狀況變遷調查」之資料，選擇年齡在45-64歲之自然停經婦女共251人為研究對象，進行飲食、生理因素、血脂、生活型態與停經年齡相關性分析。研究結果發現：在飲食方面，停經年齡和攝取的總熱量、總熱量/體重、脂肪攝取量、飽和脂肪酸攝取量、油酸攝取量、纖維質攝取量都有顯著的正相關(r=0.134、0.141、0.142、0.147、0.139、0.171，p<0.05)；和多元不飽和脂肪酸攝取量有邊緣正相關（r=0.106，p=0.09）。在生理因素方面，停經年齡和初經年齡有邊緣正相關(r=0.113，p=0.07)；和身體質量指數(BMI)、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀比(WHR)、體脂肪百分比都呈負相關，但未達顯著水準。在血脂方面，和血中膽固醇及三酸甘油酯的含量都沒有顯著相關。而停經年齡和運動時間呈負相關，和喝酒頻率成正相關，但都未達顯著水準。以多元迴歸分析（multiple regression）探討婦女停經年齡的多元迴歸預測模式，發現預測變項包括年齡、教育程度、初經年齡、BMI、熱量、纖維質、鈣質的模式為最有效的多元迴歸預測模式，其對停經年齡的解釋量(R )為8.8﹪。
關鍵詞：國民營養調查、停經年齡、飲食因素、初經年齡、教育程度

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that associated with menopausal age for women participated in the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 1993-1996 ( NAHSIT, 1993-1996). Two hundred and fifty one postmenopausal women with natural cause aged over 45 were included in analyses. The correlations of diets, physiological factors, blood lipids and life styles with the onset of menopause were analyzed. The results indicated that total calorie intake, calorie intake / weight, fat intake, saturated fatty acid intake, oleic acid intake, fiber intake were significantly positively related to menopausal age (r=0.134, 0.141, 0.142, 0.147, 0.139, 0.171, p<0.05), while polyunsaturated fatty acid has borderly positive relationship (r=0.106,p=0.09). Among physiological factors, age at menarche had a borderly positive correlation with menopausal age (r=0.113, p=0.07). Body mass index (BMI), waist, and hip, circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR) and percentage of body fat had nonsignificant inverse correlations with menopausal age. No relationship emerged between serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, the frequency of alcohol consumption, exercise time and menopausal age. The multiple regression models adjusting for age, education, age at menarche, BMI and total calorie intake, indicated that fiber intake had borderly significant effect on age at menopause, and calcium intake had significant effect on age at menopause, this model explained 8.8% variance.
Key word : Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 1993-1996, menopasusal age, dietary factors, menarchial age,
educational level

目 　錄
第一章　緒論
第一節 研究背景與動機……………………………………1
第二節 研究目的……………………………………………1
第三節 研究問題……………………………………………2
第二章　文獻探討
第一節 停經期的定義………………………………………4
第二節 停經年齡與婦女健康的關係………………………4
第三節 各種可能影響停經年齡因素之探討………………7
第三章　研究方法
第一節 研究架構……………………………………………28
第二節 研究對象……………………………………………29
第三節 研究工具……………………………………………30
第四節 研究方法和步驟……………………………………35
第四章　研究結果
第一節 研究對象基本資料分析……………………………40
第二節 飲食變項資料分析…………………………………47
第三節 身體測量值資料分析………………………………55
第四節 血液生化值資料分析………………………………58
第五節 喝酒頻率及運動時間資料分析……………………59
第六節 自然停經婦女停經年齡與基本資料、飲食、身體測量值、血液生化值、喝酒頻率及運動時間的相關情形……………………………………………62
第七節 自然停經婦女各變項之間的相關情形…………72
第八節 自然停經婦女停經年齡的多元迴歸模式………88
第五章　研究討論……………………………………………91
第六章　結論…………………………………………………104
第七章　研究限制與未來展望………………………………106
參考文獻………………………………………………………107
附錄一（使用變項一覽表） ……………………………… 114
附錄二（初經年齡之相關分析）………………………… 116

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