臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，慢性疾病盛行率在已開發國家中持續上升，疾病長期的效果不但對國家財政造成
鉅額的負擔，更可能對生產力產生影響。本研究採用我國2009 年國民健康訪問調查，挑選心
臟疾病、腦中風和糖尿病三種慢性疾病討論對於就業影響的程度，考量到疾病與就業間可能的
內生性問題，模型上使用帶有工具變數的multivariate probit model。實證結果顯示，部分疾病
對於18-39 歲有負向顯著影響。可是對於40-64 歲族群而言，三種疾病對於男性及女性就業都
有負向影響。

The prevalence of chronic diseases has been rising in the recent years in
developing countries. The long-term effects of the disease do not only cause huge
financial burden on the country, but also likely have the huge impact on productivity.
We examine the impact of several chronic diseases on the probability of labor
participation using the data from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey in
Taiwan. Using an endogenous multivariate probit model with recursive structures and
instrumental variables, we control for the potential endogeneity of the incidence of
chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes. The findings show that
heart disease and stroke have negative effect on 18-39 year-old males and females.
However, all diseases have negative effect on those in the 40-64 age groups.

目錄
第一章 緒論......................................................................................... 1
第二章 文獻回顧..................................................................................... 4
第三章 研究方法..................................................................................... 8
第一節 模型設定 .................................................................................... 8
第二節 工具變數 ................................................................................... 11
第四章 敘述統計.................................................................................... 12
第一節 資料來源 ................................................................................... 12
第二節 變數定義 ................................................................................... 13
第三節 樣本資料分析 ................................................................................ 16
第五章 實證結果.................................................................................... 18
第一節 迴歸結果 ................................................................................... 18
第二節 就業預測機率 ............................................................................... 21
第三節 討論 ....................................................................................... 22
第六章 結論與建議................................................................................... 41
第一節 結論 ....................................................................................... 42
第二節 研究限制及未來建議 ........................................................................... 43
參考文獻........................................................................................... 44

中文部分
1. 中央健康保險局 (2009)，《全民健康保險雙月刊第80 期》。
2. 行政院衛生福利部國民健康署網站
(http://www.hpa.gov.tw/Bhpnet/Web/Index/Index.aspx)。
3. 沈德昌、顏兆熊 (2009)，「糖尿病與心血管疾病」，《臺灣醫學》，52(2)，13-17。
4. 李世代、范碧玉、黃麗秋 (1999)，《全民健康保險慢性病ICD-9-CM 分類代
碼之研議》，中央健康保險局委託研究報告。
5. 李曉伶、吳肖琪 (2013)，「台灣慢性病人醫療利用之探討-以慢性腎臟病、糖
尿病及高血壓為例」，《台灣衛誌》，32(3)，231-239。
6. 林渤越 (2013)，《以全民健康保險資料庫探討國人慢性疾病的現況》，國立政
治大學統計研究所碩士論文。
7. 郝立智、楊純宜、吳達仁 (2005)，「美國糖尿病學會針對糖尿病合併高血脂
之標準治療建議」，《內科學誌》，16，169-174。
8. 梁研慧 (2011)，《代謝症候群、心血管疾病與就業》，淡江大學產業經濟研究
所碩士論文。
9. 梁煙純 (2004)，《我國多重慢性病患盛行率及醫療使用分析》，國立陽明大學
醫務管理研究所碩士論文。
10. 劉青山 (2012)，「高血壓與腦中風」，《血管醫學防治季刊》，9，6-7。
英文部分
11. Bartel, A. and P. Taubman (1979), “Health and labor market success: the role of
various diseases”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 61(1), 1-8.
12. Bastida, E. and J.A. Pagán (2002), “The impact of diabetes on adult employment
and earnings of Mexican Americans: findings from a community based study”,
Health Economics, 11(5), 403-413.
13. Becker, G.S. (1965), “A theory of the allocation of time”, Economic Journal, 75,
493–517.
14. Grossman, M. (1972), “On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for
Health”, Journal of Political Economy, 80(2), 223-255.
15. Henriksson, K.M, U. Lindblad, B. Agren, P. Nilsson-Ehle, and L. Rastam (2003),
“Associations between unemployment and cardiovascular risk factors varies with
the unemployment rate: The Cardiovascular Risk Factor Study in Southern
Sweden (CRISS)”, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 31, 305-311.
16. Janlert, U., K. Asplund, K., and L. Weinehall(1992), “Unemployment and
cardiovascular risk indicators. Data from the MONICA survey in northern
Sweden”, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 20, 14-18.
17. Lin, S.J. (2011), “Estimating the impact of diabetes on employment in Taiwan”,
Economics Bulletin, 31(4), 3089-3102.
18. Maddala, G.S. (1983), Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in
Econometrics, Cambridge, U.K.： Cambridge University Press.
19. Minor, T. (2011), “The effect of diabetes on female labor force decisions: new
evidence from the national health interview survey”, Health Economics, 20,
1468-1486.
20. Monfardini, C. and R. Radice (2008), “Testing Exogeneity in the Bivariate Probit
Model: A Monte Carlo Study”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 70(2),
271-282.
21. Rumball-Smith, J., A. Nandi, and J.S Kaufman (2014), “Working and
hypertension: gaps in employment not associated with increased risk in 13
European countries, a retrospective cohort study”, BMC Public Health, 14:536.
22. Sullivan, P.W. and V. Ghushchyan (2007), “Cardiovascular Risk Factor Clusters
and Employment in the United State”, Value in Health, 10, S52-S58.
23. Velho, G. and P. Froguel (2001), “Type 2 Diabetes: genetic factors”, The
Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
24. Wilde, J. (2000), “Identification of multiple equation probit models with
endogenous dummy regressors”, Economics Letters, 69, 309-312.
25. Zagozdzon, P., J. Parszuto, M.Wrotkowska, and D. Dydjow-Bendek (2014),
“Effect of unemployment on cardiovascular risk factors and mental health”,
Occupational Medicine, 64(6), 436-441.
26. Zhang, X., X. Zhao, and A. Harris (2009), “Chronic diseases and labor force
participation in Australis”, Journal of Health Economics, 28, 91-108.