臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討台灣本島各地方永續發展在時間變遷上所呈現的空間狀態，以及其影響永續狀態的潛在構面、相互影響因素、影響程度與關係等發展變遷機制。
首先，以符合台灣本島地區特性的角度與因應地方發展特質的觀點，將地方永續指標系統依六個構面，共擬定29個指標項目。其次，在靜態空間上，運用多變量統計分析技術，以有效的掌握探討永續發展變遷狀況。先以因子分析將29個指標縮簡為11個因子，共可解釋66.16%的結構變異量，再運用二階段群落分析方法，將307個研究單元，依其重要特質分成13個同質性的發展變遷群落；繼而，配合地理資訊系統、整體空間自我相關分析與地區性空間自我相關分析等技術之運用，進行各研究單元其永續性結構及變遷之探討，結果顯示存在明顯的空間正相關及多核心空間結構。
最後，在地方永續發展變遷機制部份，配合相關文獻與先驗知識，本研究提出地方永續發展變遷D-S-R系統之研究構想，以說明地方發展在時間累積作用力與時間延遲的影響下，其驅動力、狀態與回應之間的相互關係，並分別依各向度建立對應之指標，共計有人口特性驅動力、產業與土地使用驅動力、經濟生活狀態、環境品質狀態與公私部門行動回應等五個向度，17個對應指標項目。模型結果顯示，所建立之模式具有良好的配適度，各個參數之校估亦符合先驗知識之假設。研究結果發現各個向度之前一期的存量皆為影響下一期之首要關鍵因素，且地方永續發展狀態，除受自身存量影響外，皆受回應向度所影響。
本研究之成果不僅展現台灣本島地區307個鄉鎮市之各種地方永續力變化現象，並解析其空間發展模式與聚集類型。另一方面，由地方永續發展機制之探討，亦提供永續發展狀態變化的解釋資訊，可作為擬定區域規劃發展策略之參考基礎。

The main purposes are to study the spatial condition of local sustainable development, the pattern of local sustainability, and temporal-spatial mechanism of local sustainable development. Firstly, in order to provide more complete and detailed information, this paper aims to analyze and classify the characteristics of local sustainability with data retrieved from each neighborhood. The local sustainable indexes system has built with 29 indexes based on 6 dimensions.
Secondly, Multi-variable Analysis has applied to probe changes of local sustainable development. The first step is 11 sustainable factors abbreviated from 29 sustainable indexes with 66.16% of variance explained based on Factor Analysis. Then, apply Two-stages Cluster Analysis to depict the 13 homogenous clusters in the changes of local sustainability on the 307 units. Furthermore, Geographic Information System has applied to display distributions of the 13 homogenous clusters. Meanwhile, Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis, Spatial Autocorrelation Coefficient Correlogram and Local Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis have also adopted to investigate the relationship between the sustainability of each neighborhood and its location. The outcomes show that there are obvious spatial correlation and multicore spatial pattern.
Finally, the model of local sustainable development change D-S-R system has built to diagnose temporal-spatial mechanism of local sustainable development. The fitness and parameters of the model are in good conditions and the results reveal that the key element of temporal-spatial mechanism in local sustainable development is self-stock in each aspects, the responds aspect is the subordinate element.
Based above procedures, all outcomes of this paper, in accordance with local conditions and spatial pattern and the temporal-spatial mechanism of local sustainable development, will be initiated to help planners and environmental managers fulfill the work of monitoring local sustainability as well as a reference for advanced studies.

目 錄

第一章 緒論 1-1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1-1
第二節 研究內容 1-3
第三節 研究範圍 1-6
第四節 研究流程與方法 1-8

第二章 文獻回顧 2-1
第一節 理論基礎之綜觀 2-1
第二節 評量方法與量測工具之發展歷程 2-14
第三節 指標系統之歸納與解析 2-19
第四節 小結 2-39

第三章 地方永續發展指標系統 3-1
第一節 地方永續發展指標系統建置之理念 3-3
第二節 地方永續發展指標系統建置之程序 3-8
第三節 地方永續發展指標 3-14

第四章 地方發展永續性結構及時空狀態分析 4-1
第一節 研究架構與方法 4-1
第二節 地方發展永續性結構之實證分析 4-14
第三節 地方發展永續性時空變化之實證分析 4-32

第五章 地方永續發展機制分析 5-1
第一節 理論基礎 5-2
第二節 分析方法 5-6
第三節 研究設計 5-16
第四節 地方永續發展機制之實證分析 5-29

第六章 結論與建議 6-1
第一節 研究結論 6-1
第二節 後續研究建議 6-10
參考文獻 7-1
附錄一 Ⅰ-1
附錄二 Ⅱ-1
簡歷 Ⅲ-1


圖 目 錄

圖1-1 研究流程圖 1-8
圖1-2 研究架構圖 1-9
圖2-1 永續發展歷程與人類發展模式圖 2-7
圖2-2 P-S-R指標架構（OECD，1993） 2-20
圖2-3 D-S-R指標系統架構圖（Mortensen，1997） 2-24
圖2-4 英國永續發展指標系統架構圖（DETR，1996） 2-29
圖2-5 P-S-R/E系統架構圖（USEPA，1998） 2-33
圖2-6 P-S-R架構之永續指標與決策關係圖（行政院國科會，2004）2-35
圖3-1 地方永續發展指標系統流程圖 3-2
圖3-2 地方永續發展指標系統階層性思考程序圖 3-7
圖3-3 三生系統示意圖 3-11
圖3-4 地方永續發展系統發展構面圍 3-11
圖3-5 地方永續發展指標系統元素圖 3-13
圖4-1 地方發展永續性結構及時空狀態分析之研究架構 4-2
圖4-2 因子分析步驟示意圖 4-4
圖4-3 二階段群落分析步驟示意圖 4-7
圖4-4 因子陡坡圖 4-17
圖4-5 台灣本島地區地方永續發展變遷之群落空間分佈圖 4-31
圖4-6 因子一SACC圖 4-34
圖4-7 因子二SACC圖 4-34
圖4-8 因子三SACC圖 4-34
圖4-9 因子四SACC圖 4-34
圖4-10 因子五SACC圖 4-35
圖4-11 因子六SACC圖 4-35
圖4-12 因子七SACC圖 4-35
圖4-13 因子八SACC圖 4-35
圖4-14 因子九SACC圖 4-35
圖4-15 因子十SACC圖 4-35
圖4-16 因子十一SACC圖 4-35
圖4-17 耗費非再生能源以增進家戶所得因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-37
圖4-18 都市化程度提升因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-39
圖4-19 社會公義提升因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-40
圖4-20 製造業產業效能提升因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-41
圖4-21 環境負荷減緩因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-43
圖4-22 都市蔓延負外部性因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-45
圖4-23 環境負荷增加因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-46
圖4-24 醫療負擔增加因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-48
圖4-25 因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-49
圖4-26 農業負外部性因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-50
圖4-27 非都市土地壓力增加因子Z(I)值分佈圖 4-51
圖5-1 地方永續發展系統運作架構概念圖 5-3
圖5-2 地方永續發展縱向結構流程圖 5-4
圖5-3 地方永續發展變遷D-S-R系統研究構想圖 5-5
圖5-4 SEM發展模式導向分析程序圖 5-11
圖5-5 地方永續發展變遷變遷D-S-R系統假說性路徑圖 5-16
圖5-6 地方永續發展變遷D-S-R系統之各構面因果假說性路徑圖 5-26
圖5-7 地方永續發展變遷D-S-R系統實證路徑分析圖 5-34
圖5-8 顯著影響路徑圖 5-35
圖5-9 地方永續發展變遷因果關係實證圖 5-38
圖5-10 外因觀察變項與人口特性驅動力之因果關係圖 5-39
圖5-11 外因觀察變項與產業與土地使用驅動力之因果關係圖 5-39
圖5-12 外因觀察變項與公私部門行動回應之因果關係圖 5-40

表 目 錄

表2-1 永續發展歷程階段表 2-5
表2-1 永續發展歷程階段表（續） 2-6
表2-2 人類發展模式分類與永續發展 2-7
表2-3 永續發展的相關定義 2-12
表2-3 永續發展的相關定義（續完） 2-13
表2-4 永續發展指標系統相關執行研究（西元2000年以後） 2-15
表2-5 OECD環境指標項目 2-21
表2-5 OECD環境指標項目（續） 2-22
表2-5 OECD環境指標項目（續完） 2-23
表2-6 UNCSD永續發展指標項目 2-25
表2-6 UNCSD永續發展指標項目（續） 2-26
表2-6 UNCSD永續發展指標項目（續） 2-27
表2-6 UNCSD永續發展指標項目（續完） 2-28
表2-7 英國永續發展指標系統指標項目 2-30
表2-7 英國永續發展指標系統指標項目（續） 2-31
表2-7 英國永續發展指標系統指標項目（續） 2-32
表2-7 英國永續發展指標系統指標項目（續完） 2-33
表2-8 台灣永續發展指標系統指標項目 2-35
表2-8 台灣永續發展指標系統指標項目（續完） 2-36
表3-1 地方永續發展指標 3-17
表3-2 地方發展永續指標生產環境構面之內容與意涵 3-18
表3-3 地方發展永續指標生活環境構面之內容與意涵 3-19
表3-3 地方發展永續指標生活環境構面之內容與意涵（續完） 3-20
表3-4 地方發展永續指標生態環境構面之內容與意涵 3-20
表3-4 地方發展永續指標生態環境構面之內容與意涵（續完） 3-21
表3-5 地方發展永續指標健康生存構面之內容與意涵 3-22
表3-5 地方發展永續指標健康生存構面之內容與意涵（續完） 3-23
表3-6 地方發展永續指標公義社會構面之內容與意涵 3-23
表3-6 地方發展永續指標公義社會構面之內容與意涵（續完） 3-24
表3-7 地方發展永續指標效率世代構面之內容與意涵 3-25
表3-7 地方發展永續指標效率世代構面之內容與意涵（續完） 3-26
表4-1 KMO與Bartlett檢定 4-15
表4-2 共同性 4-15
表4-3 解釋變異量資料 4-16
表4-4 轉軸後的成份矩陣 4-21
表4-5 觀察值處理狀況 4-22
表4-6 集群距離係數 4-23
表4-7 群落心形值間之距離 4-24
表4-8 ANOVA分析 4-24
表4-9 群落分析因子得點之平均值與標準差 4-28
表4-10 群落分析結果 4-29
表4-10 群落分析結果（續完） 4-30
表4-11 永續發展變化因子之Moran Index值 4-34
表4-12 耗費非再生能源以增進家戶所得因子空間群聚概況 4-37
表4-13 都市化程度提升因子空間群聚概況 4-38
表4-13 都市化程度提升因子空間群聚概況（續完） 4-39
表4-14 社會公義提升因子空間群聚概況 4-40
表4-15 製造業產業效能提升空間群聚概況 4-41
表4-16 環境負荷減緩空間群聚概況 4-42
表4-16 環境負荷減緩空間群聚概況（續完） 4-43
表4-17 都市蔓延負外部性空間群聚概況 4-44
表4-18 環境負荷增加空間群聚概況 4-46
表4-19 醫療資源投入增加空間群聚概況 4-47
表4-20 空間群聚概況 4-49
表4-21 農業負外部性空間群聚概況 4-50
表4-22 非都市土地壓力增加空間群聚概況 4-51
表5-1 LISREL模式之符號表示法 5-9
表5-2 整體模式配適度指標 5-13
表5-2 整體模式配適度指標（續完） 5-14
表5-3 驅動力指標 5-20
表5-4 狀態指標 5-21
表5-5 回應指標 5-22
表5-6 常態轉換後樣本資料之常態檢定 5-28
表5-7 整體配適度結果 5-31
表5-8 Λx 各參數估計 5-31
表5-8 Λx 各參數估計（續完） 5-32
表5-9 Λy 各參數估計 5-32
表5-10 Φ參數估計 5-32
表5-10 Φ參數估計（續完） 5-33
表5-11 Γ參數估計 5-33

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