臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的:為瞭解塗抹深層海水礦物質濃縮液對於肌肉損傷部位，是否對肌肉損傷恢復有所影響。方法:本研究蒐集10名成年男性游泳選手，使用非侵入性儀器測量選手血液動力學、心律變異度、疼痛閾值、及運動表現，並採取指尖血進行肌酸激酶（Creatine Kinase, CK）與肌紅蛋白（Myoglobin）分析。給予受試者誘發二頭肌肌肉損傷（以85％ 1RM的重量，一組六下，總共六組的挑戰訓練）後，隨機分成介入組與安慰劑組，各組分別在肌肉損傷後立即、24小時與48小時的時間點於二頭肌塗抹海洋深層礦物質液或安慰劑，塗抹方式一天2次，每次1ml（左右手各0.5ml），塗抹完需按摩左右手二頭肌各30圈。受試者於肌肉損傷之前、立即、4小時、24小時與48小時分別測量血液生化值、血液動力學、心律變異度與二頭肌肌力。經過一周後，兩組交換進行交叉實驗。結果:兩組之間疼痛閾值、肌力、肌紅素、血中肌酸激酶心率變異度指標、局部血流量和組織耗氧量皆無差異。血氧飽和度在4小時塗抹深層海水礦物質液組高於安慰劑組。總血流量和帶氧血紅素在4小時和48小時介入組顯著高於安慰劑組。去氧血紅素在24小時，塗抹深層海水礦物質液組顯著低於安慰劑組。結論:本實驗發現塗抹海洋深層水對於離心運動後血液中的氧氣攜帶有正面的效果。

Background/Purpose: High intensity eccentric exercise could induce muscle damage and decrease exercise performance. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of deep ocean minerals liquid concentrate on eccentric exercise-induce muscle damage recovery. Methods: Ten professional competitive swimmers were participated in this double-blind cross-over study, and randomly assigned to placebo and deep ocean minerals liquid concentrate groups. Subjects performed upper extremity exercise (6 repetitions × 6 rounds at 85％ 1RM) to induce muscle damage in biceps brachii. After exercise subjects were randomly treated with either deep ocean minerals liquid concentrate or placebo. Creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, muscle oxygenation and oxygen consumption (measured by near-infrared spectroscopy) and biceps brachii power were measured at 4h, 24h and 48h during post-exercise recovery. Results: The levels of CK and myoglobin were not significantly different among groups. Biceps brachii power were not significantly higher in deep ocean minerals liquid concentrate group than in placebo group. Muscle blood flow were significantly higher in deep ocean minerals liquid concentrate group than in placebo group (p < 0.05). Muscle oxygen hemoglobin was significantly higher in placebo group than in deep ocean minerals liquid concentrate group at 4h and 48h during post-exercise recovery (p <0.05). Conclusion: The data of the present study concludes that deep ocean minerals liquid concentrate showed beneficial effects on muscle recovery after eccentric exercise.

目錄

原創聲明書 ii
學位考試審定書 iii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
謝誌 vii
目錄 ix
圖目錄 xi

第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究範圍與限制 3
第四節 操作型定義 4
第貳章 文獻探討 5
第一節 海洋深層水 5
第二節 離心性運動與肌肉損傷 6
第三節 血液動力學 8
第四節 心律變異度 9
第參章 研究方法 11
第一節 受試者與實驗設計 11
第二節 阻力運動模式 11
第三節 深層海水濃縮礦物液及塗抹方式 12
第四節 肱二頭肌肌力及疼痛閾值 12
第五節 肌酸激酶與肌紅素測量 13
第六節 心律變異度測量 13
第七節 近紅外線光譜儀 14
第八節 統計分析 14
第肆章 結果 15
第一節 結果 15
第伍章 討論 17
第一節 討論 17
第二節 結論 17
第三節 建議 19
參考文獻 21
中文文獻 21
外文文獻 22
附錄 29
受試者知情同意書 29

中文文獻
吳柏翰、葉乃菁、吳家慶 (2011)。全身性振動伸展對減緩離心運動後延遲性肌肉酸痛之影響。大專體育學刊，136-144。
李文志、許東雄、劉德智、劉宜承、徐欣億 (2010)。運動肌肉損傷對血糖代謝與細胞激素的影響。大專體育學刊，87-94。
邱志暉、巫錦霖 (2010)。補充支鏈胺基酸對於運動表現及運動後恢復期的影響。中華體育季刊，93-101。
陳信良、林明儒、柯學謙、陳忠慶 (2011)。運動引起延遲性肌肉酸痛對不同強度跑之攝氧量的影響。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，180-189。
陳信良、曾暐晉、黃冠菱、陳忠慶 (2011)。肘屈肌群離心運動引起肌肉損傷對肱動脈血管功能的影響。運動生理暨體能學報，33-45。
陳信良、陳忠慶、曾暐晉、林瑞馨、曾國維 (2011)。離心運動引起延遲性肌肉酸痛對不同肌力及爆發力表現之影響。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，249-259。
廖焜福、陳宗與、侯建文 (2012)。補充海洋性礦物質對單次高強度運動後肌肉組織耗氧量的影響。大專體育學刊，14(2)，248-254。
盧思穎 (2005)。冷水浸浴法及冷熱交替法對延遲性肌肉酸痛之影響。運動生理暨體能學報，149-157。

外文文獻
Ahmadi, S., Sinclair, P. J., & Davis, G. M. (2008). Muscle oxygenation after downhill walking‐induced muscle damage. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 28(1), 55-63.
Ahmadi, S., Sinclair, P. J., Foroughi, N., & Davis, G. M. (2008). Monitoring muscle oxygenation after eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage using near-infrared spectroscopy. Applied Physiol Nutrition Metabolism, 33(4), 743-752.
Allen, D. G. (2004). Skeletal muscle function: role of ionic changes in fatigue, damage and disease. Clinestry Experment Pharmacol Physiol, 31(8), 485-493.
Almoznino-Sarafian, D., Sarafian, G., Berman, S., Shteinshnaider, M., Tzur, I., Cohen, N., et al. (2009). Magnesium administration may improve heart rate variability in patients with heart failure. Nutrition Metabolism Cardiovascular Disease, 19(9), 641-645.
Bacchi, E., Negri, C., Trombetta, M., Zanolin, M. E., Lanza, M., Bonora, E., et al. (2012). Differences in the Acute Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the RAED2 Randomized Trial. PLoS One, 7(12), e49937.
Beelen, M., Burke, L. M., Gibala, M. J., & van Loon, L. J. (2010). Nutritional strategies to promote postexercise recovery. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 20(6), 515-532.
Billman, G. E. (2009). Cardiac autonomic neural remodeling and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: effect of endurance exercise training. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 297(4), H1171-H1193.
Boushel, R., & Piantadosi, C. A. (2000). Near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring muscle oxygenation. Acta Physiol Scand, 168(4), 615-622.
Chen, C. H., Nosaka, K., Chen, H. L., Lin, M. J., Tseng, K. W., & Chen, T. C. (2011). Effects of flexibility training on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 43(3), 491-500.
Chen, T. C., Tseng, W. C., Huang, G. L., Chen, H. L., Tseng, K. W., & Nosaka, K. (2012). Low-intensity eccentric contractions attenuate muscle damage induced by subsequent maximal eccentric exercise of the knee extensors in the elderly. Eur J Appl Physiol.
Cheng, S. M., Yang, L. L., Chen, S. H., Hsu, M. H., Chen, I. J., & Cheng, F. C. (2010). Magnesium sulfate enhances exercise performance and manipulates dynamic changes in peripheral glucose utilization. Eur J Appl Physiol, 108(2), 363-369.
Dannecker, E. A., Liu, Y., Rector, R. S., Thomas, T. R., Sayers, S. P., Leeuwenburgh, C., et al. (2012). The effect of fasting on indicators of muscle damage. Exp Gerontol.
Dart, A. M., Du, X. J., & Kingwell, B. A. (2002). Gender, sex hormones and autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular research, 53(3), 678-687.
Dolan, L. B., Gelmon, K., Courneya, K. S., Mackey, J. R., Segal, R. J., Lane, K., et al. (2010). Hemoglobin and aerobic fitness changes with supervised exercise training in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 19(11), 2826-2832.
Duffy, C. R., Odibo, A. O., Roehl, K. A., Macones, G. A., & Cahill, A. G. (2012). Effect of magnesium sulfate on fetal heart rate patterns in the second stage of labor. Obstet Gynecol, 119(6), 1129-1136.
Esmarck, B., Andersen, J. L., Olsen, S., Richter, E. A., Mizuno, M., & Kjaer, M. (2001). Timing of postexercise protein intake is important for muscle hypertrophy with resistance training in elderly humans. J Physiol, 535(Pt 1), 301-311.
Evans, J. R., & Lawrenson, J. G. (2012). Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 11, CD000254.
Friden, J., & Lieber, R. L. (2001). Eccentric exercise-induced injuries to contractile and cytoskeletal muscle fibre components. Acta Physiol Scand, 171(3), 321-326.
Guerrero-Romero, F., Tamez-Perez, H. E., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, G., Salinas-Martinez, A. M., Montes-Villarreal, J., Trevino-Ortiz, J. H., et al. (2004). Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Diabetes Metab, 30(3), 253-258.
Hottenrott, K., Hoos, O., & Esperer, H. D. (2006). [Heart rate variability and physical exercise. Current status]. Herz, 31(6), 544-552.
Hou, C. W., Tsai, Y. S., Jean, W. H., Chen, C. Y., Ivy, J. L., Huang, C. Y., et al. (2013). Deep ocean mineral water accelerates recovery from physical fatigue. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 10(1), 7.
Hough, T. (1900). ERGOGR APHIC STUDIES IN MUSCULAR FATIGUE AND SORENESS. J Boston Soc Med Sci, 5(3), 81-92.
Kaminski, T. W., Wabbersen, C. V., & Murphy, R. M. (1998). Concentric versus enhanced eccentric hamstring strength training: clinical implications. J Athl Train, 33(3), 216-221.
Kano, Y., Padilla, D. J., Behnke, B. J., Hageman, K. S., Musch, T. I., & Poole, D. C. (2005). Effects of eccentric exercise on microcirculation and microvascular oxygen pressures in rat spinotrapezius muscle. J Appl Physiol, 99(4), 1516-1522.
Kim, Y. H., Jung, K. I., & Song, C. H. (2012). Effects of serum calcium and magnesium on heart rate variability in adult women. Biol Trace Elem Res, 150(1-3), 116-122.
Lac, G., & Maso, F. (2004). Biological markers for the follow-up of athletes throughout the training season. Pathol Biol (Paris), 52(1), 43-49.
Lieber, R. L., & Friden, J. (1988). Selective damage of fast glycolytic muscle fibres with eccentric contraction of the rabbit tibialis anterior. Acta Physiol Scand, 133(4), 587-588.
Lipinski, M. J., Dewey, F. E., Biondi-Zoccai, G. G., Abbate, A., Vetrovec, G. W., & Froelicher, V. F. (2009). Hemoglobin levels predict exercise performance, ST-segment depression, and outcome in patients referred for routine exercise treadmill testing. Clin Cardiol, 32(12), E22-31.
Ludbrook, J., & Graham, W. F. (1985). Circulatory responses to onset of exercise: role of arterial and cardiac baroreflexes. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 248(4), H457-H467.
Lukaski, H. C., & Nielsen, F. H. (2002). Dietary magnesium depletion affects metabolic responses during submaximal exercise in postmenopausal women. J Nutr, 132(5), 930-935.
Masko, E. M., Allott, E. H., & Freedland, S. J. (2012). The Relationship Between Nutrition and Prostate Cancer: Is More Always Better? Eur Urol.
Nybo, L., Girard, O., Mohr, M., Knez, W., Voss, S., & Racinais, S. (2012). Markers of Muscle Damage and Performance Recovery following Exercise in the Heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc.
Olsen, O., Sjohaug, M., van Beekvelt, M., & Mork, P. J. (2012). The effect of warm-up and cool-down exercise on delayed onset muscle soreness in the quadriceps muscle: a randomized controlled trial. J Hum Kinet, 35, 59-68.
Paulsen, G., Mikkelsen, U. R., Raastad, T., & Peake, J. M. (2012). Leucocytes, cytokines and satellite cells: what role do they play in muscle damage and regeneration following eccentric exercise? Exerc Immunol Rev, 18, 42-97.
Petibois, C., Cazorla, G., Poortmans, J. R., & Deleris, G. (2002). Biochemical aspects of overtraining in endurance sports: a review. Sports Med, 32(13), 867-878.
Rasic-Milutinovic, Z., Perunicic-Pekovic, G., Jovanovic, D., Gluvic, Z., & Cankovic-Kadijevic, M. (2012). Association of blood pressure and metabolic syndrome components with magnesium levels in drinking water in some Serbian municipalities. J Water Health, 10(1), 161-169.
Reeder, B. J., & Wilson, M. T. (2005). Hemoglobin and myoglobin associated oxidative stress: from molecular mechanisms to disease States. Curr Med Chem, 12(23), 2741-2751.
Sivrikaya, A., Bicer, M., Akil, M., Baltaci, A. K., & Mogulkoc, R. (2012). Effects of zinc supplementation on the element distribution in kidney tissue of diabetic rats subjected to acute swimming. Biol Trace Elem Res, 147(1-3), 195-199.
Valera, B., Dewailly, E., Poirier, P., Counil, E., & Suhas, E. (2011). Influence of mercury exposure on blood pressure, resting heart rate and heart rate variability in French Polynesians: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health, 10, 99.
Yu, J. G., Liu, J. X., Carlsson, L., Thornell, L. E., & Stal, P. S. (2013). Re-evaluation of sarcolemma injury and muscle swelling in human skeletal muscles after eccentric exercise. PLoS One, 8(4), e62056.
Yu, J. G., Malm, C., & Thornell, L. E. (2002). Eccentric contractions leading to DOMS do not cause loss of desmin nor fibre necrosis in human muscle. Histochem Cell Biol, 118(1), 29-34.
Zhang, B. T., Whitehead, N. P., Gervasio, O. L., Reardon, T. F., Vale, M., Fatkin, D., et al. (2012). Pathways of Ca(2)(+) entry and cytoskeletal damage following eccentric contractions in mouse skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol, 112(12), 2077-2086.