臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以石蠟和十八烷醇混合作為相變基材，並加入不同比例之氮化硼(BN)、石墨(EG)與多壁奈米碳管(MWCNT)，成為具高導熱、高潛熱值及高電阻之相變化複合材料。其中石墨與多壁奈米碳管並經有機改質(C18-E及C18-C)以增進其與相變化基材(石蠟及十八烷醇)之相容性。並對於此複合材料之熱傳導、電阻性、型態學及儲熱與放熱進行探討。經有機表面改質之導熱材料添加於相變基材後，熱傳導係數由0.308W/m．K提升至6.328W/m．K，顯示熱傳導路徑及網絡形成，有助於提升複合材料的散熱功能，且電阻可達3.83×106Ω/□。由掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察，複合材料之基材與導熱材料表面相容性很好。由微差掃描熱分析(DSC)顯示，複合材料的相變溫度都與相變基材相似，其相變焓與複合材料中相變基材含量成正比。複合材料其儲熱時間比相變基材縮短了47.7%；而放熱時間也大幅縮短77.9%。以上結果顯示，添加表面改質及混合之導熱材料所製成的相變化複合材料，可提升整體相變材料的熱傳導性、儲熱與放熱速率且同時可具有高電阻。

As a phase change material (PCM), paraffin or octadecanol has high latent heat, but low thermal conductivity. In this study, different proportion of boron nitride (BN), expanded graphite (EG) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were added into paraffin and octadecanol to form a high thermal conductivity composite material with high latent heat value, as well as a high electrical resistance. Moreover, the EG and MWCNT were organo-modified (C18-E and C18-C) to improve their compatibility with matrix (paraffin and octadecanol). The thermal conductivity, electrical resistance, morphology and thermal storage and heat release of the composite materials were investigated. Thermal conductivity of paraffin (0.308 W/m．K) was increased to 6.328 W/m．K, indicating the formation of conducting path and network, and the electrical resistance can reach to 3.83×106 Ω/□. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveal that good compatibility was observed between the matrix and the thermally conductive materials. Differential scanning thermal analysis (DSC) shows that the phase transition temperature of the composite material was similar to that of the matrix, and the phase change enthalpy of the composite was proportional to the content of the matrix in the composite.
III
Moreover, the thermal storage time of composite was shorter than the matrix by 47.7%; exothermic time was also significantly reduced by 77.9%. On the basis of all results, it revealed that the use of modified and mixed conductive additives can be considered an effective method to enhance the thermal conductivity, and thermal storage and exothermic rates of PCM, as well as a high electrical resistance.

中文摘要 ................................................................................................................ I
Abstract................................................................................................................. II
致謝 ..................................................................................................................... IV
目錄 ...................................................................................................................... V
圖目錄 ................................................................................................................. XI
表目錄 ............................................................................................................ XVV
第一章緒論 ........................................................................................................... 1
1-1前言 .......................................................................................................... 1
1-2相變化材料(Phase Change Material，PCM)簡介 ................................. 2
1-3儲能形式 .................................................................................................. 3
1-3-1顯熱儲存........................................................................................ 4
1-3-2潛熱儲存........................................................................................ 4
1-3-3化學能儲存.................................................................................... 5
1-4熱傳原理 .................................................................................................. 5
1-5相變材料之條件及特性 .......................................................................... 7
1-5-1相變材料之條件 ........................................................................... 7
1-5-2相變材料之特性 ........................................................................... 9
1-6相變材料分類 ........................................................................................ 10
VI
1-6-1無機相變材料 ............................................................................. 13
1-6-2有機相變材料 ............................................................................. 15
1-6-3有機複合相變材料 ..................................................................... 17
1-7相變材料其應用 .................................................................................... 18
1-7-1建築節能其應用 ......................................................................... 18
1-7-2紡織業其應用 ............................................................................. 19
1-8導熱性材料簡介 .................................................................................... 20
1-8-1氮化物材料.................................................................................. 20
1-8-1.1氮化硼(Boron nitride, BN)之簡介 .................................... 20
1-8-1.2氮化硼之結構與特性 ....................................................... 21
1-8-1.3氮化鋁(Aluminum nitride, AlN)之簡介 ........................... 23
1-8-2 碳(Carbon)之同素異形體簡介 .................................................. 23
1-8-2.1膨脹型石墨(Graphite, EG)之簡介 ................................... 25
1-8-2.1-1膨脹型石墨之結構與特性 ..................................... 25
1-8-2.1-2膨脹型石墨之製程 ................................................. 27
1-8-2.1-3膨脹性石墨之應用 ................................................. 27
1-8-2.2奈米碳管(carbon nanotub, CNT)之簡介 .......................... 27
1-8-2.2-1奈米碳管的結構與特性 ......................................... 28
1-8-2.2-2奈米碳管的合成 ..................................................... 29
VII
1-8-3奈米碳管及石墨化學修飾法 ..................................................... 30
第二章文獻回顧 ................................................................................................. 32
2-1導熱材料 ................................................................................................ 32
2-2導熱性複合材料 .................................................................................... 34
2-3導熱性相變複合材料 ............................................................................ 36
第三章研究動機 ................................................................................................. 40
第四章實驗內容 ................................................................................................. 42
4-1實驗藥品 ................................................................................................ 42
4-2儀器設備 ................................................................................................ 46
4-3儀器原理及測試條件方法 .................................................................... 49
4-4實驗流程 ................................................................................................ 58
4-5實驗步驟 ................................................................................................ 69
4-5-1石墨之改質.................................................................................. 69
4-5-2多壁奈米碳管之改質 ................................................................. 71
4-5-3石蠟/十八烷醇與氮化硼/石墨/多壁奈米碳管導熱相變複合材料之製備 ............................................................................................... 74
第五章結果與討論 ............................................................................................. 75
5-1導熱性材料之有機改質鑑定 ................................................................ 75
5-1-1導熱性材料之熱重分析(Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer, TGA)鑑
定 ........................................................................................................... 75
5-1-1.1石墨(Graphite, EG)之TGA鑑定 ..................................... 76
5-1-1.2多壁奈米碳管(Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNT)之TGA鑑定 .................................................................................. 77
5-1-2導熱性材料之化學分析(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscope, XPS)鑑定 ....................................................................................................... 78
5-1-2.1石墨(Graphite, EG)之XPS鑑定 ...................................... 78
5-1-2.2多壁奈米碳管(Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNT)之XPS鑑定 ................................................................................... 82
5-1-3導熱性材料之拉曼螢光(Raman)鑑定 ....................................... 86
5-1-3.1石墨(Graphite, EG)之Raman鑑定 .................................. 86
5-1-3.2多壁奈米碳管(Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNT)之Raman鑑定 ............................................................................... 89
5-1-4導熱性材料之X光繞射(X-ray Diffraction meter, XRD)鑑定 . 91
5-1-4.1石墨(Graphite, EG)之XRD鑑定 ..................................... 91
5-2分散性分析 ............................................................................................ 93
5-2-1石墨(Graphite, EG)分散性分析 ................................................. 93
5-2-2多壁奈米碳管(Multi-walled carbon nanotube, MWCNT)分散性分析 ....................................................................................................... 95
5-3導熱性材料之型態學分析 .................................................................... 96
5-3-1氮化硼(Boron nitride, BN)之SEM型態分析 ........................... 96
5-3-2石墨(Graphite, EG)之SEM型態分析 ....................................... 97
5-3-3多壁奈米碳管(Multi-walled carbon nanotube, MWCNT)之TEM型態分析 ............................................................................................... 99
5-4導熱相變化複合材料之成形性分析 .................................................. 101
5-5導熱相變化複合材料之相變焓分析 .................................................. 103
5-6導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導分析 .................................................. 106
5-6-1單一相變基材之導熱相變化複合材料熱傳導分析 ............... 106
5-6-1.1單一相導熱材料之單一相變基材導熱相變化複合材料分析 .................................................................................................. 106
5-6-1.2兩種導熱材料混合之單一相變基材導熱相變化複合材料分析 .............................................................................................. 110
5-6-1.3三種導熱材料混合之單一相變基材導熱相變化複合材料分析 .............................................................................................. 114
5-6-2混合相變基材之導熱相變化複合材料熱傳導分析 ............... 116
5-6-2.1單一相導熱材料之混合相變基材導熱相變化複合材料分析 .................................................................................................. 118
5-6-2.2三種導熱材料混合之混合相變基材導熱相變化複合材料
分析 .............................................................................................. 120
5-7導熱相變化複合材料之電阻分析 ...................................................... 121
5-8導熱相變化複合材料之熱量儲存與釋放性能分析 ......................... 123
5-9導熱相變化複合材料之SEM表面形態分析 ................................... 125
第六章結論 ....................................................................................................... 129
第七章參考文獻 ............................................................................................... 131
圖目錄
圖1-1傳導、對流與輻射示意圖 ....................................................................... 6
圖1-2相變材料的分類 ...................................................................................... 10
圖1-3相變化材料相變形式分類 ..................................................................... 12
圖1-4(a)六方氮化硼結構圖(b)六方氮化硼SEM影相圖 ............................... 21
圖1-5氮化鋁結構圖 .......................................................................................... 23
圖1-6石墨結構 .................................................................................................. 26
圖1-7膨脹石墨之SEM圖(a)未膨脹石墨之低倍率(b)未膨脹石墨之高倍率(c)膨脹後石墨×50(d)膨脹後石墨×2000 ................................................................ 26
圖1-8三種類型的奈米碳管.............................................................................. 28
圖1-10(a)電弧法(b)雷射蒸氣法(c)熱化學氣相沉積法(d)微波電漿化學氣相沉積法之裝置圖 ................................................................................................. 30
圖2-3(a)為MWCNT-COOH，右邊分散於水中；左邊分散於二氯甲烷，(b)為MWCNT經化學修飾分散於二氯甲烷中，右邊為-epoxide；左邊為-COOH，(c)為MWCNT表面化學修飾之反應 .............................................. 33
圖2-1PPS/BN複合材料，平面與整體之熱傳導圖 ........................................ 35
圖2-2 HDPE/BN導熱複合材料之不同BN粒徑熱傳導圖 ............................ 35
圖2-3石蠟/石墨導熱相變材料之熱傳速度圖 ................................................ 37
圖2-4β-AlN導熱相變材料之(a)熱傳導圖，(b)熱儲存與放熱速度圖 .......... 38
圖2-5 CNT相變材料(a)SEM影像，(b)溫度變化熱傳導圖 .......................... 39
圖4-1石墨改質實驗及分析流程圖 ................................................................. 66
圖4-2多壁奈米碳管改質實驗及分析流程圖 ................................................. 68
圖4-3石蠟/十八烷醇與氮化硼、石墨及多壁奈米碳管導熱相變複合材料之製備流程圖 ......................................................................................................... 69
圖4-4石墨改質機制 .......................................................................................... 71
圖4-5多壁奈米碳管改質機制.......................................................................... 73
圖5-1石墨改質前後之TGA分析圖 ............................................................... 76
圖5-2多壁奈米碳管改質前後之TGA分析圖 ............................................... 77
圖5-3石墨改質前後XPS之全譜圖分析(a)p-E；(b)a-E；(c)C18-E .............. 79
圖5-4石墨改質前後XPS之C1s分析(a)p-E；(b)a-E；(c)C18-E .................. 80
圖5-5石墨改質前後XPS之O1s分析(a)a-E；(b)C18-E ................................ 81
圖5-6多壁奈米碳管改質前後XPS之全譜圖分析(a)p-C；(b)a-C；(c)C18-C ............................................................................................................................. 83
圖5-7多壁奈米碳管改質前後XPS之C1s分析(a)p-C；(b)a-C；(c)C18-C . 84
圖5-8多壁奈米碳管改質前後XPS之O1s分析(a)a-C；(b)C18-C ............... 85
圖5-9石墨改質前後Raman光譜圖(a)p-E；(b)e-E；(c)a-E；(d)C18-E ........ 87
圖5-10多壁奈米碳管改質前後Raman光譜圖(a)p-C；(b)a-C；(c)C18-C ... 89
圖5-11石墨改質前後之XRD分析圖(a)p-E；(b)e-E；(c)a-E；(d)C18-E ..... 92
圖5-12石墨改質前後分散性之比較(a)p-E；(b)e-E；(c)a-E；(d)C18-E ....... 94
圖5-13多壁奈米碳管改質前後之分散性之比較(a)p-C；(b)a-C；(c)C18-C . 95
圖5-14氮化硼之SEM影相圖(a)×5000倍；(b)×10000倍 ........................... 96
圖5-15石墨改質前後SEM影相圖(a)p-E, (a-1)×1000倍; (a-2)×5000倍；(b)e-E, (b-1)×1000倍; (b-2)×5000倍；(c)a-E, (c-1)×1000倍; (c-2)×5000倍；(d)C18-E, (d-1)×1000倍; (d-2)×5000倍 ............................................................................ 98
圖5-16多壁奈米碳管改質前後TEM影相圖(a)p-C, (a-1)×40000倍; (a-2)×80000倍；(b)a-C, (b-1)×40000倍; (b-2)×80000倍；(c)C18-C, (c-1)×40000倍; (c-2)×80000倍 ....................................................................... 100
圖5-17導熱相變化複合材料之成形圖(a)P；(b)O；(c)Y；(d)V；(e)5B45EP；(f)5B35EP .......................................................................................................... 102
圖5-18不同比例之相變化基材DSC相變焓分析圖 .................................... 104
圖5-19導熱相變化複合材料之DSC相變焓分析圖 .................................... 105
圖5-20氮化鋁和氮化硼導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數比較圖 ......... 108
圖5-21石墨改質前後相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數比較圖 ..................... 109
圖5-22氮化硼與氮化鋁混合製備成導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數圖 ........................................................................................................................... 111
圖5-23氮化硼與C18-E混合製備成導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數圖，相變基材含量(a)50wt%；(b)60wt% ............................................................... 112
圖5-24導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數 ................................................. 115
圖5-25單一性與混合性相變基材之熱傳導係數比較圖 ............................. 117
圖5-26添加30wt%導熱材料與單一性及混合性相變基材製備成導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數比較圖(a)氮化硼；(b)C18-E ..................................... 119
圖5-27添加同比例的三種導熱材料與單一性及混合性相變基材製備成導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導比較圖 ................................................................... 120
圖5-28導熱相變化複合材料之熱量儲存與釋放曲線圖(a)加熱曲線；(b)冷卻曲線 ................................................................................................................... 124
圖5-29導熱相變化複合材料×400倍之SEM影相圖(a)P；(b)O；(c)Y；(d)30BP；(e)30p-EP；(f)30C18-EP；(g)1p-CP；(h)1C18-CP；(i)35B4E1CP；(j)35B4E1CY ..................................................................................................... 128
表目錄
表1-1相變儲能材料的特性................................................................................ 9
表1-2有機相變材料與無機相變材料儲能比較 ............................................. 11
表1-3常用無機相變材料之熱能參數 ............................................................. 14
表1-4有機相變材料之熱能參數 ..................................................................... 16
表1-5導熱填料的性質 ...................................................................................... 22
表1-6碳之同素異形體的結構及物性參數 ..................................................... 24
表1-7奈米碳管常見合成方法之比較 ............................................................. 29
表2-1不同型態之氮化硼特性.......................................................................... 34
表2-3石蠟/石墨導熱相變材料之熔點與相變焓 ............................................ 37
表2-4 β-AlN導熱相變材料之熱性質參數 ...................................................... 38
表4-1樣品代號 .................................................................................................. 58
表4-2十八烷醇與石蠟混合做為基材比例及代號 ......................................... 59
表4-3導熱相變複合材料單一成分比例及代號-P系列 ................................ 60
表4-4導熱相變複合材料單一成分比例及代號-O+P系列 ........................... 61
表4-5到熱相變複合材料混合成份(氮化硼與氮化鋁)比例及代號-P系列 .. 62
表4-6導熱相變複合材料混合成份(未添加碳管)比例及代號-P系列(50%)62
表4-7導熱相變複合材料混合成份(未添加碳管)比例及代號-P系列(60%)63
表4-8導熱相變複合材料混合成份比例及代號-P系列 ................................ 63
表4-9導熱相變複合材料混合成分比例及代號-O+P系列 ........................... 64
表5-1石墨改質前後C1s官能基比例含量表 ................................................. 80
表5-2石墨改質前後O1s官能基比例含量表 ................................................. 81
表5-3多壁奈米碳管改質前後C1s官能基比例含量表 ................................. 84
表5-4多壁態米碳管改質前後O1s官能基比例含量表 ................................. 85
表5-5石墨改質前後Raman光譜圖中之I2D與IG比值 ................................. 88
表5-6多壁奈米碳管改質前後Raman光譜圖中之ID與IG比值 .................. 90
表5-7不同比例之相變化基材DSC相變焓分析表 ...................................... 104
表5-8導熱相變化複合材料之DSC相變焓分析表 ...................................... 105
表5-9氮化鋁和氮化硼導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數比較表 ........... 108
表5-10石墨改質前後相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數比較表 ..................... 109
表5-11氮化硼與氮化鋁混合製備成導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數表 ........................................................................................................................... 111
表5-12氮化硼與C18-E混合製備成導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數比較表 ....................................................................................................................... 113
表5-13導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導係數 ................................................. 115
表5-14相變基材之熱傳導係數比較表 ......................................................... 117
表5-15添加30wt%導熱材料與單一性及混合性相變基材製備成導熱相變化
複合材料之熱傳導係數比較表 ....................................................................... 119
表5-16添加同比例的三種導熱材要與單一性及混合性相變基材製備成導熱相變化複合材料之熱傳導比較表 ................................................................... 120
表5-17導熱相變化複合材料之電阻值比較表 ............................................. 122
表5-18導熱相變化複合材料之熱量儲存與釋放時間表 ............................. 124

1. 田博元、李孫榮、汪中文、黃政賢，「環境與生活」，新文京開發出版股份有限公司，(2011)
2. 王格華，「新能源概論」，五南書局有限公司，(2008)
3. 張仁遠，「相變材料與相變儲能技術」，科學出版社，(2009)
4. 艾德生，「新能源材料：基礎與應用」，化學工業出版社，(2010)
5. 林建中，「高分子材料性質與應用」，高立圖書有限公司，(2005)
6. 宮秀敏，「相變理論基礎與應用」，武漢理工大學出版社，(2005)
7. 張仲卿、侯順雄、張進寬、杜鳳棋譯，「熱傳遞」，高立圖書有限公司，(2003)
8. 王華，「高性能相變蓄熱材料的製備與蓄熱燃燒技術」，冶金工業出版社，(2006)
9. 郭茶秀、魏新利，「熱能存儲技術與應用」，化學工業出版社，(2005)
10. B. Zalba, J. M. Marin, L. F. Cabeza, H. Mehling, “Review on thermal energy storage with phase change：materials, heat transfer analysis and applications”, Applied Thermal Engineering, (2003), 23, 251-283.
11. 鄭立輝、盛奎龍、潘金亮，「石油蠟的生產及加工」，化學工業出版社，
(2008)
12. Z. G. Zhang, X. M. Fang, “Study on paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change thermal energy storage material”, Energy Conversion and Management, (2006), 47, 303-310.
13. C. Alkan, A. Sari, “Fatty acid/poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) blends form-stable phase change materials for latent heat thermal energy storage”, Solar Energy, (2008), 82, 118-124.
14. W. Q. Chen, L. Zhang, Y. F. Liu, L. Chen, X. P. Ji, M. Zhang, Y. X. Zhao, G. H. Yao, C. Zhang, X. L. Wang, Y. Zhang, “Prediction of atherosclerotic plaque ruptures with high-trequency ultrasound imaging and serum inflammatory markers”, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, (2007), 293, 2836-2844.
15. Y. B. Cai, Q. F. Wei, F. L. Huang, S. L. Lin, F. Chen, W. D. Gao, “Thermal stability, latent heat and flame retardant properties of the thermal energy storage phase change materials based on paraffin/high density polyethylene composites”, Renewable Energy, (2009), 34, 2117-2123.
16. 譚小倩、王立久，「低碳儲能複合建築材料製備及性能研究」，混泥土與水泥製品，(2011)，3，58-62.
17. 付英、曾令可、王慧、劉艷春，「相變儲能材料在工業餘熱回收領域的應
用研究進展」，化學化工冶金環境礦業，(2009)，5，16-19.
18. 曲遠方，〝功能陶瓷材料〞，曉原出版社，(2006)
19. C. Raman, P. Meneghetti, “Boron nitride finds new applications in thermoplastic compounds”, Plastics, Additives and Compounding, (2008), 10, 26-29.
20. http://www.kingsolomon.com.tw/, 氮化硼簡介
21. 汪建民，「陶瓷技術手冊」，中華民國科技發展協進會，(1994)
22. 謝琮瀚，「氮化鋁陶瓷材料之微波燒結研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學化學工程研究所，(2004)
23. 成會明，〝奈米碳管〞，五南書局有限公司，(2004)
24. 韋進全、張先鋒、王坤林，「奈米碳管巨觀體物理化學特性與應用」，五南書局有限公司，(2004)
25. 宋克敏、路文叉、武風林、高淑英，「製備低硫可膨脹石墨的研究」，無機材料學報，(1994)，9，455-460.
26. 高山、甄捷、陳宇飛、王慎敏，「低硫柔性石墨的製備新工藝及微觀結構分析」，哈爾濱工業大學學報，(2005)，37，1546-1548.
27. 吳君蔚，「以金屬氫氧化物及膨脹型石墨改善聚氨基甲酸酯薄膜阻燃與功能性質之研究」，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學有機高分子研究所，(2008)
28. 蘇明德，〝從製造鑽石談起〞，(1999)
29. H. M. Etmimi, R. D. Sanderson, “New Approach to the Synthesis of Exfoliated Polymer/Graphite Nanocomposites by Miniemulsion Polymerization Using Functionalized Graphene”, Macromolecules, (2011), 44, 5804-5815.
30. Z. G. Zhang, N. Zhang, J. Peng, X. M. Fang, X. N. Gao, Y. T. Fang, “Preparation and thermal energy storage properties of paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change material”, Applied Energy, (2012) ,19 ,426-431.
31. http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/plugins/nanotube/, 奈米碳管結構生產
32. 黃建盛，「奈米碳管簡介」，科學焦點，雲林科技大學電子工程系，4-9.
33. 陳文章、徐俊旭、呂博文、李坤易、林志鴻，〝功能性奈米材料及其應用〞，真空科技，(2006)，19，4-16.
34. 林江珍、林嵩祚，「奈米碳管之有機分散性改質及應用」，石油季刊，國立中興大學化學工程研究所，(2005)，41，47-59.
35. A. Eitan, K. Jiang, D. Dukes, R. Andrews, L. S. Schadler, “Surface Modification of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Toward the Tailoring of the Interface in Polymer Composites”, Chemistry of Materials, (2003), 15, 3198-3201.
36. W. I. Zhoua, S. H. Qi, H. D. Li, S. Y. Shao, “Study on insulating thermal conductive BN/HDPE composites”, Thermochimica Acta, (2007), 452, 36–42.
37. A. Sari, A. Karaipekli, “Thermal conductivity and latent heat thermal energy storage characteristics of paraffin/expanded graphite composite as phase change material”, Applied Thermal Engineering, (2007), 27, 1271–1277.
38. W. L. Wang, X. O. Yang, Y. T. Fang, J. Ding, J. Y. Yan, “Enhanced thermal conductivity and thermal performance of form-stable composite phase change materials by using b-Aluminum nitride”, Applied Energy, (2009), 86, 1196–1200.
39. J. F. Wang, H. Q. Xie, Z. Xin, Y. Li, L. F. Chen, “Enhancing thermal conductivity of palmitic acid based phase change materials with carbon nanotubes as fillers”, Solar Energy, (2010), 84, 339–344.
40. S. R. Dhakate., N. Chauhan., S. Sharma., J. Tawale., S. Singh., P. D. Sahare., R. B. Mathur., “An approach to produce single and double layer graphene from re-exfoliation of expanded graphite”, Carbon, (2011), 49, 1946–1954.
41. A. Guimont, E. N. Beyou, G. Martin, P. L. Sonntag, P. L. Cassagnau, “Viscoelasticity of Graphite Oxide-Based Suspensions in PDMS”, Macromolecules, (2011), 44, 3893–3900.
42. Y. S. Xu, D. D. L. Chung, C. L. Mroz, “Thermally conducting aluminum nitride polmyer-matrix composites”, Composites：Part A, (2001), 32, 1749-1757.