臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，由於台灣經濟的快速成長，台灣地區的建築物規模逐漸以大型化與多層化，各類型的災難每年造成嚴重的人數傷亡與財物損失，有效保障生命的安全，消防安全設備的有效監控和管理已成為一個重要的課題。本論文利用災難感測器探討出一套緊急逃生導引系統，當有緊急事件發生時，計算路徑上的人群擁擠度與危險指數，據以規劃災難疏散逃生路徑導引，可以提供準確快速的在災難發生時讓人群可以更正確與快速分散逃生的功能，保障處於災難現場人數可以了解正確逃生方向以確保安全，本系統的資料架構上可應用於各種的網路通訊環境，加上介面化的感測器配置與路線規劃，可使用於各種不同環境的應用，在路徑規劃上以本身節點的相鄰資訊達到路徑上較短的導引規劃，達到導引人群較安全路線的前往出口。

Recently, because of rapid growth of economics, the structure of buildings in Taiwan becomes large-sized and multi-leveled. In fact, kinds of disasters damages lives and properties. This paper proposes a “disaster guiding system”.When an emergency occurs, the system, based on the information of crowd and danger index of the network, suggests the best escaping paths. The system is quick-responded to provide accurate information for escaping and to ensure the safety of “onsite staff”. Information of architecture on the system can be applied to a variety of network communication environment and configuration of the sensor interfacing and route planning. It can be applied to different environment in planning the shortest information of path between the adjust nodes to guided the crowd to achieve safer routes to export.

摘要 ......................................................... I
ABSTRACT .................................................... II
致謝 ....................................................... III
目錄 ........................................................ IV
圖目錄 ...................................................... VI
表目錄 .................................................... VIII
第一章 緒論 .................................................. 1
1.1 研究動機 .................................................. 1
1.2 研究目的 .................................................. 3
1.3 研究架構 .................................................. 4
第二章 相關文獻 .............................................. 5
2.1 路徑規劃最佳化 ............................................ 5
2.1.1 蟻群演算法 .............................................. 5
2.1.2 開放最短路徑優先 ........................................ 7
2.1.3 階層式演算法 ........................................... 15
2.2 人數數量偵測相關技術 ..................................... 17
2.3 避難相關評估 ............................................. 20
第三章 系統架構 ............................................. 23
3.1 系統架構 ................................................. 23
3.1.1 拓樸介面 ............................................... 24
3.1.2 節點通訊 ............................................... 25
3.1.3 災難偵測 .............................................. 28
3.2 災難導引演算法 .......................................... 32
第四章模擬研究 .............................................. 36
4.1 介面化的模擬架構 ......................................... 42
4.2 動態導引系統模擬架構 ..................................... 47
4.3 災難引發模擬架構 ......................................... 52
4.4 路徑擁擠引發模擬架構 ..................................... 57
第五章 結論與未來研究 ....................................... 60
參考文獻 .................................................... 61
圖目錄
圖2-1 蟻群架構 .................................................................................................... 6
圖2-2 網路間路由器連結的例子 .................................................................... 9
圖2-3 路由器間互傳Hello Packet ................................................................. 10
圖2-4 路由器 A 的最短路徑樹....................................................................... 12
圖2-5 網路中連結斷線的例子 ........................................................................ 13
圖2-6 路由器A 的最短路徑樹 ........................................................................ 14
圖2-7 凝聚與分裂階層式群集方法 ................................................................ 16
圖3-1 系統示意圖 ............................................................................................. 23
圖3-2 介面流程圖 .............................................................................................. 25
圖3-3 節點危險指數計算流程 ........................................................................ 27
圖3-4 相鄰節點危險指數計算流程 ................................................................ 29
圖3-5 災難節點危險指數計算流程 ................................................................ 31
圖4-1 災難導引模擬流程 ................................................................................ 36
圖4-2 規劃介面部分與節點資訊系統模擬流程 ............................................. 37
圖4-3 一般規劃模擬流程 ................................................................................. 38
圖4-4 災難規劃模擬流程 ................................................................................. 39
圖4-5 路徑擁擠規劃模擬流程 ......................................................................... 40
圖4-6 自製模擬平面圖 ..................................................................................... 41
圖4-7 規劃的平面圖 .......................................................................................... 42
圖4-8 載入平面圖 .............................................................................................. 43
圖4-9 節點佈置 .................................................................................................. 44
圖4-10 配置後節點的座標 ............................................................................... 45
圖4-11 (a)相連節點輸出介面,(b)輸出檔案類型 ............................................. 45
圖4-12 介面規劃後資料列表 .......................................................................... 46
圖4-13 經節點資訊系統處理結果 ................................................................... 47
圖4-14 節點內含相關資訊 .............................................................................. 48
圖4-15 A0 節點資訊變化 ................................................................................... 48
圖4-16 A1 初始值 ............................................................................................ 49
圖4-17 A1 運算流程過程 ................................................................................ 49
圖4-18 A1 運算流程結果 ................................................................................ 50
圖4-19 節點代碼資料 ...................................................................................... 51
圖4-20 經演算後示意圖 .................................................................................. 53
圖4-21 輸入災難點介面 .................................................................................. 54
圖4-22 當A6 偵測危險 ...................................................................................... 56
圖4-23 輸入擁擠路段介面 ............................................................................... 57
圖4-24 當E0、A0、A1 和A5 的路段發生壅擠的情況 ................................... 59
表目錄
表2-1 LSA 資訊 .............................................................................................. 10
表2-2 每一個路由器的連結狀態資料庫內容 .............................................. 11
表2-3 路由器A 的路由表 .............................................................................. 12
表2-4 每一個路由器的LINK STATE DATABASE 內容 ............................ 14
表4-1 模擬系統之軟硬體配備......................................................................... 41

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