跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(44.213.80.203) 您好!臺灣時間:2024/03/29 09:04
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

: 
twitterline
研究生:邱詩詠
研究生(外文):Shih-yung Chiu
論文名稱:經濟成長或分配平均―絕對所得、相對所得與快樂關聯的衍生涵義
論文名稱(外文):Economic growth or distribution equality ― the meaning of absolute income, relative income and happiness
指導教授:陶宏麟陶宏麟引用關係
指導教授(外文):Hung-Lin Tao
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:東吳大學
系所名稱:經濟學系
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:經濟學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2005
畢業學年度:93
語文別:中文
論文頁數:95
中文關鍵詞:經濟成長所得分配絕對所得相對所得快樂
外文關鍵詞:Economic growthincome distributionabsolute incomerelative incomehappiness
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:21
  • 點閱點閱:1055
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:173
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:2
台灣目前探討所得與快樂的相關文章相當罕見,但由國外文獻可知,此課題已越來越受到重視。本篇即以2001年台灣社會變遷調查資料分析影響快樂的因素,並模擬不同經濟成長與所得分配情況下的快樂變化,進而做與其相關的政策分析。對個人而言,絕對所得與相對所得會影響個人的效用,即主觀的快樂感受,就整體社會而言,經濟成長帶來絕對所得的增加,而不同所得分配方式則帶來相對所得的效果,使得成長、分配與快樂三者間呈現相當複雜且相互影響之關係,因而以實證與模擬方式進行分析。
本篇的實證結果顯示:(1)女性比男性快樂;(2)年齡與快樂有U形的關係,也就是中間年齡層的人比較不快樂;(3)婚姻狀況對快樂的效果在統計上不顯著;(4)受教育年數越多則越快樂;(5)有宗教信仰的人也較沒有宗教信仰的人快樂;(6)失業的經驗對快樂有顯著的負效果;(7)所得越高的人越快樂,但有邊際效用遞減的關係存在(因為所得平方項為負),向上比較(高所得平均)和向下比較(低所得平均)的效果均為負向,表示當高於自身所得的人所得提高,會使自己感到較不快樂,低於自身所得的人所得增加,也會使自己感到越不快樂,但低所得平均的效果並不具有統計上的顯著性,另外與自身有相同背景條件的人其期望所得也有統計上顯著的負效果。
當不考慮向下比較的負效果時,所得分配越平均,則社會總快樂越高,賦予所得重分配的正當性。但考慮向下比較的負效果時,不論是何種成長與分配的方式,社會的總快樂變動皆為遞減,而以中、高所得的人平均分得經濟成長所增加的所得此種方式,使社會總快樂的減少幅度最小,此結果或許可以說是無為政府對社會才是最適的。
There are quite few papers researching on the relevant of income and happiness at present, but from the foreign literatures this subject has already been paid more and more attention to. This article uses the data of Taiwan Social Change Survey in 2001 in Taiwan to analyze the factors influencing happiness, and simulates the happiness change under the different economic growth and income distribution, and then makes the relevant policy analysis. For some one, absolute income and relative income will influence personal utility, namely subject happy feeling. For the whole society, the economic growth will bring the increase of the absolute income, and different way of income distribution then brings the effect of relative income. That makes the economic growth and economic distribution and happiness appear rather complicated and affected relationship with each other. Therefore, this tries to analyze by the way of empirical analysis and simulation.
The empirical analysis results of this article shows that (1) women are happier than men; (2) the age and happiness have the U pattern relationship which refers the middle age people are less happy than others; (3) the effect of marital status to happiness is not significant in statistics; (4) people educated more years are happier; (5) the person with religious belief is happier than the person without religious belief; (6) the experience of unemployment has significant effect in statistics to happiness; (7) people with higher income are happier, but there exists the relationship of marginal utility decline (because the coefficient of income square is negative), and the effect of compare with upward (average of higher than one’s income) and downward (average of lower than one’s income) are both negative. That means as the person higher than one’s income is raising, it will make oneself feel relatively unhappy, and the same as the person lower. But the effect of the average of lower people is not significant in statistics. Besides, the expected income of the same background people has the negative effect, too.
If we don’t consider the negative effect of downward comparison, the more equality of income distribution, the higher of total happiness change of society we have. This gives redistribution of income legitimacy. But if we consider the negative effect of downward comparison, no matter which way of growth or distribution, the total happiness change of society is decreasing. And then this way of the middle and high income people who get the extra raising income of economic growth averagely makes the less decreasing level of the total happiness of society. This results show that doing nothing government may be the most suitable for the society.
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與方法 2
第三節 研究架構與流程 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
第一節 經濟成長與所得分配的相關文獻 4
第二節 與快樂相關的經濟文獻 7
第三節 小結 14
第三章 實證分析 15
第一節 Ordered probit 計量模型介紹 15
第二節 資料描述與基本統計量 19
一、資料描述 19
二、基本統計量 20
第三節 變數定義與實證模型的建立 26
一、所得對快樂的效果 26
二、相對所得變數的定義與估計 28
三、實證模型 29
四、變數符號預期 30
第四節 Ordered probit 模型的實證結果 34
第五節 Hausman 的內生檢定 40
第四章 模擬分析 47
第一節 成長與分配的關係 43
第二節 模擬方法 44
一、模擬所設計的成長和分配 44
二、Gini的計算 47
三、快樂變動的估計 51
第三節 模擬結果 56
一. 未考慮「向下比」效果 57
二. 考慮「向下比」效果 65
三、政策涵義 72
第五章 結論與建議 78
第一節 結論 78
第二節 研究限制 79
第三節 建議 79
參考文獻 81
一、中文部分
黃有光(1998),「金錢能買快樂嗎?-為何應該增加公共支出?」,梁國術講座教授演講稿。
喬友慶、葉凱莉、別蓮蒂(2002),「顧客滿意度衡量與估計之研究-線性迴歸模型與Ordered Probit / Logit模型之比較」,企業管理學報,第55期,1-23。
鄭心蕙(1999),「所得分配對經濟成長的影響—跨國實證研究」,中央大學產業經濟學系碩士論文。
羅時萬(2000),「財政收支與所得分配對台灣經濟成長影響的探討」,政治大學經濟學系博士論文。

二、英文部分
Alesina, A. and R. Perotti (1994), “The Political Economy of Growth: A Critical Survey of the Recent Literature,” World Bank Review, September, 8(3), 351-371.
Alesina, A. and D. Rodrik (1994), “Distribution Politics and Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109,465-490.
Arie Kapteyn (2001), “ Relative Utility and Income Growth: An Example, ” addendum to Chapter 8.
Andrew J. Oswald (1997), “ Happiness and Economic Preformance, ” Economic Journal, 107 (445), November, 1815-31.
Andrew E. Clark and Andrew J. Oswald (1994), “ Unhappiness and Unemployment, ” Economic Journal, 104 (424), May, 648-59.
Amartyz Sen (1996), “Rationality, Joy and Freedom,” Critical Review, 10 (4), Fall, 481-94.
Andrew E. Clark, Andrew J. Oswald (1998), “Comparison-concave utility and following behaviour in social and economic settings,” Journal of public economics, 70, 133-155.
Alberto alesina, Rafael Di Tella, Robert MacCulloch (2001), “Inequality and Happiness: Are Europeans and Americans Different?” Nber Working Paper Series, April, 8198.
BERTOLA G (1993), “Factor Shares and Savings in Endogenous growth,” American Economic Review, 83 (5): 1184-1198 DEC.
Becker, Gary S. (1974), “ A Theory of Social Interactions, ” J. Polit. Econ., 82:6, 1063-93.
Bernard M.S. van Praag and Paul Frijters (1999), “ The Measurement of Welfare and Well-Being: The Leyden Approach, ” in Daniel Kahneman,Ed Diener, and Norbert Schwarz (eds), Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, Chapter 21, New York: Pussell Sage Foundation, 413-33.
Barro, R.J.(1999), “Inequality,Growth and Investment” NBER WORKING PAPER , March 1999, 7038.
Barro, R.J., (2000) ‘Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries’, Journal of Economic Growth, Vol.5, No.1, pp.5–32.
BRUNO S. FREY and ALOIS STUTZER (2002), “What can Economists Learn from Happiness Research?” Journal of Economic Literature, vol. XL, 402-35.
Bruno S. Frey and Alois Stutzer(2000), “Happiness, Economy and Institutions,” Economic Journal, 110(466),October, 918-38.
Been-Lon Chen (2003), “An inverted-U relationship between inequality and long-run growth,” Economics Letters, 78, 205-212.
Benabou, R. (1997) “ Inequality and Growth,” NBER Working Paper, No.W5658.
GROSSMAN HI (1991), “Handbook of Monetary-Economics - Riedman,bm, hahn,fh” Journal of Monetary Econ. 28 (2): 323-345 OCT.
Chang, R. (1993),” Political Party Negotiations, Income Distribution, an Endogenous Growth.” New York: University Working Paper.
Chang, R. (1994),” Income Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence and Recent Theories,” Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, 1-9.
Chang, R. (1998) “ Political party negotiations, income distribution, and endogenous growth,” Journal of Monetary Economics, (41), 227-255.
Deininger, K. and L. Squire (1996), "A New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality," World Bank Economic Review 10, 565-91.
Deininger, K. and Julian May'(2000), “Can There Be Growth with Equity?An Initial Assessment of Land Reform in South Africa” Policy Research Working Paper, No.2451
Deininger, K. and L. Squire, (1996) “A New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality”, World Bank Economic Review, Vol.10, No.3, pp.565–91.
Deininger, K. and L. Squire, 1998, “New Ways of Looking at Old Issues: Inequality and Growth” Journal of Development Economics, Vol.57, No.2, pp.259–87.
Charles Kenny (1999), “Does Growth Cause Happiness, or Does Happiness Cause Growth? ” KYKLOS, Vol. 52-1999-Fasc. 1, 3-26.
Clark, Andrew E. and Andrew J. Oswald (1996), “Satisfaction and comparison Income, ” J. Public Econ., 70:1, 359-81.
Clark, Andrew E. and Andrew J. Oswald (1998), “Comparison-Concave Utility and Following Behavior in Social and Economic Settings, ” J. Public Econ., 70:1, 133-55.
Commins, Robert A. (1998), “The second approximation to an international standard for life satisfaction,” Social Indicators Research, 43,307-344.
Easterlin, Richard A. (1995), “Will Raising the Incomes of All Increase the Happiness of All,” J. Econ. Behav. Org., 27:1, 35-48.
Easterlin, Richard A. (2000), “The Worldwide Standard of Living Since 1800,” J. Econ. Perspect, 14:1, 7-26.
Easterlin, Richard A. (2001), “ Income and Happiness: Toward a Unified Theory,” Econ. J., 111:473, 465-84.
Easterlin, Richard A (1974), “ Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot ? Some Empirical Evidence, ” in Paul A. David and Melvin W. Reder (eds), Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz, New York and London: Academic Press, 89-125.
Frank (1999), “A Constitution for Knaves Crowds out Civic Virtues”,Econ. J. 107:443,pp. 1043-53.
Frey, Bruno S. and Alois Stutzer. (2000), “ Happiness, Economy and Institution, ” Econ. J., 110:446, 918-38.
Frey, Bruno S. and Alois Stutzer. (2002), “ Happiness and Economic: How the Economy and Institutions Affect Human Well-Being, ” Princeton: Princeton U. Press.
G kce A. Soydemir, Elena Bastida and Genaro Gonzalez (2004), “ The impact of religiosity on selfassessments of health and happiness: evidence from the US southwest ,” Applied Economics, 36, 665–672.
Greene (2003), Econometric Analysis, 5th ed, Prentice Hall International Edition.
Huib van de Stadt, Arie Kapteyn and Sara van de Geer (1985), “ The Relativity of utility: Evidence from Panel Data, ” Review of Economics and Statistics, LXVII (2), May, 179-87.
Helliwell, John F. (2001), “How’s Life?Combining Individual and National Variables to Explain Subjective Well-Being,” mimeo,U. British Columbia.
Meng-Wen Tsou, Jin-Tan Liu (2001), “Happiness and Domain Satisfaction in Taiwan,” Journal-of-Happiness-Studies., April, 2(3): 269-88.
Mattias Lundberg and Lyn Squire (2003), “The Simultaneous Evolution Of Growth And Inequality,” The Economic Journal, 113 (April), 326-344.
Jeffrey Friedman and Adam McCabe (1996), “ Preferences or Happiness? Tibor Scitovsky’s Psychology of Human Needs, ” Critical Review, 10(4), Fall, 471-80.
John Thornton(2001), “The Kuznets inverted-U hypothesis: panel data evidence from 96 countries” Applied Economics Letters, 2001, 8, 15-16
Jack Jphnston and John DiNardo (1997), Economstric Methods, 4th ed, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Kuznets, S. (1955), “Economic Growth and Incomw Inequality,” American Economix Review , 45(1),1-28.
Kahneman, Daniel; Ed Dinener and Nobert Schwarz, eds. (1999), “ Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, ” New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
LÂSZLO MÂTYÂS, LÂSZLOÂ KOÂNYA and LACHLAN MACQUARIE(1998) “The Kuznets U-curve hypothesis: some panel data evidence” Applied Economics Letters, 1998, 5, 693± 697
R. Layard (1980), “ Human Satisfactions and Public Policy, ” Economic Journal, 90, December, 737-50.
Robert H. Frank (1997), “ The Frame of References as a Public Good, ” Economic Journal, 107 (445), November, 1832-47.
Rafael Di Tella, Robert J. Maccullonch, and Andrew J. Oswald (2001), “Preferences over Inflation and Unemployment: Evidence from surveys of Happiness,” The American Economic Review, March, 335-41.
Persson, T. and G. Tabellini (1994), “Is Inequality Harmful for Growth? Theory and Evidence,” American Economic Review, 84,600-621.
Perotti, R. (1993) “ Political Equilibrium, Income Distribution, and Growth,” Review of Economic Studies, 60, 755-776.
Perotti, R. (1996) ”Growth, Income Distribution, and Democracy: What the Data Say”, Journal of Economic Growth, Vol.1, No.2, pp.149–87.
P.J. Dawson (1997) “On testing Kuznets’ economic growth hypothesis” , Applied Economics Letters, 1997, 4, 409–410
Oded Galor and Daniel Tsiddon (1996) “Income Distribution and Growth : the Kuznets Hypothesis Revisited”, Economica, 63,S103-S117.
Stephen Knowles(2005), “Inequality and Economic Growth: TheEmpirical Relationship Reconsidered in theLight of Comparable Data”,The Journal of Development Studies, Vol.41, No.1, January 2005, pp.135 – 159
Tibor Scitovsky (1996), “ My Own Criticism of The Joyless Economy”, Critical Review, 10(4), Fall, 595-605.
Yew-Kwang Ng (1978), “ Economic Growth and Social Welfare: The Need for a Complete Study of Happiness ”, Kyklos, 31(4), 575-87.
Wooldridge(2002),Economic Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, 1th ed.
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top