「枓栱」是中國傳統建築中，最具代表性的建築構件，由歷代的演變至今，因組構規範不易理解，導致「枓栱」系統性的形態組構知識不易延續。因此，本研究以「形狀文法（Shape Grammars）」、「幼稚園文法（Kindergarten Grammar）」與「結構文法（Structure Grammar）」三種不同面向之研究方法，探求「枓栱」形態組構的設計語言，建立「枓栱文法」的初步架構，進而做為後續運用電腦輔助設計教育，設計衍生之用。在具體的研究內容、結果，可歸結以下四點。
一、研究方法的探究─不同的研究方法在於文法的制訂，會因探討的面向不同因而有所差異。但都能歸類符合Chomsky對一個文法構成上的設定：Terminal表終結符號，Non Terminal表非終結符號，Productions表衍生法（rules），Seed，Initial則為起始（T，N，P，S）。因此，枓栱建立形態文法規範時，所制訂的文法規範要素也需符合文法規範的基礎。
二、「枓栱」組構的要素─本研究以宋代《營造法式》中枓栱的形態組構為對象。文獻中「枓栱」的形態組構，從基本構件的製作至系統性的組構，均受到「材」、「單獨構件」與「群組規範」之影響。
三、研究方法的操作─運用形狀文法、幼稚園文法與結構文法三種不同取向的研究方法，操作建構衍生「四鋪作外並一杪卷頭，壁內用重栱」之枓栱組構形式，並探討不同之研究方法，對其形態衍生與文法規範的優缺點。研究方法操作後，歸結枓栱形態衍生中「操作元素」較適宜以「實體（材）」與「空間結構（開栱口、斗口）」訂定。「衍生的空間」則需以方向軸輔助。「符號形」的標註以結構文法之規範較為適宜。「規則的制訂與建構方式」則以幼稚園文法之建構方式，與文獻中的規範較能契合。
四、初步「枓栱文法」架構的探求─藉由三種不同研究方法的衍生操作，最後歸結研究方法之優缺點提出建構「枓栱文法」初步架構。
宋式枓栱文法的規範需具備四項要素：
1. S（Shapes）有限集合的三維實體（材）。
2. L（Labelled Shapes）有限集組的符號形（開栱口、斗口位置）。
3. R（Shape Rules）衍生規則的訂定，以幼稚園文法建構式取向建立規則，並且以加法與加法加上符號形，兩種類型的形狀規則做為形狀衍生規則的制訂。
4. I（Initial Shape）起始符號形，以點、符號所構成的符號形做為起始。

Bracket Sets are the most important components in the Chinese traditional architecture. Until now, we found the knowledge of systematic “Bracket Sets” is uneasy to be continued, because of hard understanding the components. Hence, we use three methodologies , Shape Grammars, Kindergarten Grammars, and Structure Grammars , to probe into the design language of the standard of the “Bracket Sets”. By them, we can establish the preliminary structure and take advantage of computers to design education derivatively.
The specific contents and results of this research could be summarized as follows:
1. Investigation of research methodology
Different research methodologies, which are resulted from the design of grammars, are different from the diverse investigations. But they all could be categorized the design of grammar construction of Chomsky: Terminal stands for ending symbol, Non Terminal stands for non- ending symbol, Productions as derivative rules, Seed, Initial stand for beginning (T, N, P, S).Hence, when we use “Bracket Sets” to establish grammar rules, they should also obey the basis of grammar rules.
2. The compositions of “Bracket Sets” components
The object of the research is the composition of Bracket Sets of building laws（營造法式）. Based on the composition of Bracket Sets in literatures, we know that from the basic components to systematic composition are affected by Cai（材）, Individual element and Group element.
3. The operations of research methodology
By using three different methodologies, Shape Grammars, Kindergarten Grammars, and Structure Grammars, we construct the components of Bracket Sets of “4 Puzuo（鋪作）、 inside and outside using 1 Miao（杪） Juan-Tou（卷頭）、 inside wall using Chueng Gueng（重栱）”and investigate different researches to know whether advantages or disadvantages of derivative types and grammar rules.
4. The preliminary investigation on “Grammars of Chinese Bracket Sets” Structure
By operating three different research methodologies, we can conclude the advantages and disadvantages and then commend how to establish the preliminary structure of “Bracket Sets”.

第一章 諸論-------------------------------------------------------
1.1 研究動機與目的--------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 文獻回顧--------------------------------------------------- 2
1.3 研究對象及範圍--------------------------------------------- 6
1.4 研究方法與流程--------------------------------------------- 7
第二章 研究理論基礎----------------------------------------------- 8
2.1 Chomsky的語言理論------------------------------------------ 10
2.2 形狀文法（Shape Grammars）--------------------------------- 12
2.3 幼稚園文法（Kindergarten Grammar）------------------------- 20
2.4 結構文法（Structure Grammar）------------------------------ 24
第三章 宋式枓栱系統----------------------------------------------- 35
3.1 用料------------------------------------------------------- 35
3.2 單獨構件--------------------------------------------------- 37
3.3 組合規範--------------------------------------------------- 52
3.4 規範探討--------------------------------------------------- 55
第四章 文法推衍--------------------------------------------------- 59
4.1 形狀文法--------------------------------------------------- 61
4.2 幼稚園文法------------------------------------------------- 66
4.3 結構文法--------------------------------------------------- 71
第五章 結論與建議------------------------------------------------- 76
5.1 結論------------------------------------------------------- 76
5.2 宋式枓栱文法初步架構--------------------------------------- 80
5.3 後續研究--------------------------------------------------- 83
參考文獻 ----------------------------------------------------------- 84
附錄 枓栱構件音譯表--------------------------------------------- 87

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