臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

汞(mercury)為持久性生物累積污染物質之一，任何形式的汞都具有毒性，其在生物體內的累積，可能誘發氧化壓力(oxidative stress)， 進而導致神經組織、心臟血管系統、肝臟及腎臟病變。另一方面，樟芝(學名Antrodia Camphorata)是台灣常用的草藥，相關文獻報導，樟芝含有多醣體(Polysaccharides)、多酚(polyphenols)、三萜類(Triterpenoids)及微量元素(trace elements)等多種活性成份，具有許多生理功能，如抗氧化能力，可對肝臟形成保護作用。因此，本論文旨在探討二氯化汞的生理傷害機轉，並比較補充樟芝菌絲體在試驗前後之氧化壓力、肝腎功能及器官含汞量等的變化。
以性成熟之SD雄性大鼠為實驗對象，在實驗第一部份：分別餵予含0、25 mg/kg bw及100 mg/kg bw樟芝菌絲體的飼料配方（C、LAC、HAC組），連續84天。監測(1)肝功能指標GPT、GOT; (2)腎功能指標BUN、creatinine; (3) 紅血球與肝、腎中含汞量的變化; (4)總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯; (5) 抗氧化酵素GSH、 GSHPx、catalase、SOD等的活性; (6) 抗氧化相關微量元素Se、Zn、Cu和Fe; (7)肝及腎中的脂肪過氧化產物(MDA)。結果發現：LAC和HAC組的肝、腎功能指數和血脂，相較於C組並無明顯的差異；微量元素分佈的變化，血漿中除了HAC組的Se，以及腎臟中LAC和HAC組的Zn和C組有明顯的差異外，其餘均無明顯變化；而抗氧化酵素中，LAC和HAC組血漿中GSH、GSH/GSSG、GSHPx與catalase，以及HAC組的SOD活性均明顯高於C組。另外而HAC組中肝臟的GSHPx與catalase活性以及腎臟中GSH含量，和C組比較均有顯著的差異。HAC組的汞蓄積明顯低於C組。三組間MDA值則無明顯的差異。
在實驗第二部份：將試驗動物分成三組包括 M 組(0 mg/kg bw樟芝菌絲體 + 20 μg HgCl2/ml的飲用水)、LAC＋M 組 (25 mg/kg bw樟芝菌絲體 + 20 μg HgCl2/ml的飲用水)、HAC＋M 組 (100 μg/kg bw樟芝菌絲體 + 20 μg HgCl2/ml的飲用水)，連續84天。並監測與第一部份相同指標。結果顯示：(1) 汞在腎臟中的蓄積量顯著高於肝臟及紅血球； (2) M組肝(GPT)、腎(BUN、Cr) 功能指數、總膽固醇和三酸肝油酯均明顯高於C組，而LAC＋M和HAC＋M 組則明顯低於M組；(3) M組有明顯的脂肪過氧化現象，其原因和抗氧化酵素的活性與表現量受到不同程度的抑制，以及微量元素Se、Zn、Fe和Cu等的不平衡有關；(4) LAC＋M 和HAC＋M 組在脂肪過氧化、抗氧化酵素的活性和表現量以及微量元素的平衡上方面，和M組有明顯的差異；(5) LAC＋M 和HAC＋M 組在紅血球、肝臟及腎臟的累積方面，明顯的低於M組。
綜合以上的結果，得到以下的結論：HgCl2的氧化壓力會造成組織的傷害，而樟芝菌絲體可明顯降低氧化壓力，作用應與其抗氧化能力有關。

Mercury is a biological hazard which is widely used in industry, medicine, agriculture and other fields. Any form of mercury is toxic and it’s accumulation inside the body could possibly induce cellular damage. The toxic effects on human and animal systems are well documented by WHO. In literature, the damages contributed by mercury involve CNS, gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney. One of the most important mechanisms of mercury on tissue damage is oxidant stress which would promote lipid peroxidation. Three pathways are contributed to the oxidant stress of mercury: (1)Being a transition metal, mercury acts as a catalyst in Fenton-type reaction, resulting in the formation of free radicals. Or indirectly, it can enhance iron-stimulated lipid peroxidation; (2)Mercury exhibits a significant affinity to sulfhydryl groups, which account for as much as 10% to 50% of the antioxidant capacity of plasma. It also inactivate the activity of SOD and catalase; (3)Mercury forms an insoluble complex with selenium, the mercury senenide, thus binding selenium in an inactive form that cannot serve as cofactor for glutathione peroxidase, an scavenger of H2O2 and lipid peroxides. Therefore, it is believed that an antioxidant should be one of the important components of effective treatment for mercury poisoning. Androdia camphorata is well known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicine. Reports showed that Antrodia camphorata(AC) contains many kinds of bioactive materials, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, triterpenoids, adenosine, vitamins, minerals and sterols. All these components exhibit many physical benefits, for example, antioxidant properties, and contribute to liver protection. The aim of this article was to declare the mechanism of mercury-induced oxidative stress, and to compare the change of liver function, renal function, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation level and mercury content in tissues in HgCl2-exposed rats treated by mycelia of antrodia camphorate(MAC). Methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups, 3 groups of them being given distilled water and fed with foods containing no AC, low dose(25 mg/kg bw) MAC and high dose(100 mg/kg bw)MAC, respectively. The other 3 groups were given vehicle solution with HgCl2 (20μg/ml). Rats in these groups were also fed with the same foods containing no, low and high dose MAC, respectively, just like the other 3 groups. The total raising period was 84 days. After the rats were sacrificed, data were collected including GOT, GPT, BUN, creatinine, MDA, antioxidant enzymes (GSH, GSSG, GSHPx, SOD, catalase), minerals (Se, Zn, Cu and Fe) and finally, the mercury content in RBC, liver and kidney. The results revealed: (1)Mercury content was extraordinarily higher in kidney than in liver; (2) HgCl2 induced significant deleterious change of liver and renal function as well as cholesterol and TG. All these could be prevented by mycelia of Antrodia Camphorata; (3) Oxidative stress by HgCl2 is possibly generated via it’s ability to inactivate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and to disturb the distribution of minerals;(4) The oxidative stress in rats treated with MAC were significantly lower than M group, which was considered probably derived from it’s antioxidant properties; (5)The accumulation of mercury in RBC, liver and kidney was eliminated but the mechanism should be discussed furtherly in succeeding studies.
In conclusion: Mycelia of Antrodia Camphorata possess the ability to protect tissues againt oxidative stress caused by HgCl2, which is possibly from it’s antioxidant properties.

第一章 緒論 1
第二章 文獻回顧 4
第三章 材料與方法 16
一、 實驗方法 16
二、 實驗項目 18
三、 統計分析 31
第四章 結果 33
一、 樟芝菌絲體對大鼠之生理作用 33
二、 樟芝菌絲體在HgCl2曝露大鼠之生理作用 58
三、 實驗數據表 82
表二 肝功能腎功能、總膽固醇和三酸甘油酯數據表 83
表三 血漿抗氧化酵素、微量元素、TNF-α及紅血球汞聚積量數據表 84
表四 肝臟抗氧化酵素、微量元素、MDA及汞蓄積量數據表 85
表五 腎臟抗氧化酵素、微量元素、MDA及汞蓄積量數據表 86
第五章 討論 87
一、 樟芝菌絲體對汞造成的傷害下產生抗氧化效能之影響 87
二、 樟芝菌絲體對微量元素的抗氧化效能之影響 93
三、 樟芝菌絲體對於肝、腎功能與血脂的影響 98
四、 樟芝菌絲體對於紅血球、肝臟及腎臟中汞排除的影響 102
第六章 結論 102
參考文獻 103
附錄一 國鼎公司牛樟芝菌絲體膠囊簡介

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