臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究自2013年7月至2014年6月期間針對嘉南藥理大學表面流動人工濕地密植蘆葦的區域為調查對象，利用靜置式採氣罩技術，配合氣體濃度分析，調查濕地的微量氣體(二氧化碳、氧化亞氮、甲烷)交換通量，並進而評析蘆葦濕地的淨生態系統交換通量(FNEE)、總生態系統呼吸通量(FER)、總初級生產量(FGPP)、甲烷及氧化亞氮釋放通量。本研究也監測表面流動人工濕地的水質淨化功能。
靜置式採氣罩實驗每月調查一次，選定於晴天的上午10點至下午14點，並在不同透光情況所形成不同有效光輻射(PAR)強度下進行。在完全透光條件下，濕地總初級生產量(FGPP)明顯隨季節與月分變化，FGPP最高值為1774.9~1899.9mg C/m2/hr發生在2013年的仲夏(7~8月)，此時氣溫及光照輻射強度均達到一年的最高值，蘆葦生長狀況(葉片數量、植株高度)達飽和，濕地光合作用達最旺盛。FGPP最低值為749.2mg C/m2/hr發生在2013年中秋(10月)，雖然此時的氣溫及光照輻射強度並未降到冬季(12~1月)的水準，但是可能因為蘆葦開花並產生植株及葉片的枯委，阻礙光合作用及二氧化碳吸收能力所致。從冬末至春夏季(2至6月)，新生長期開始換上新葉，且氣溫及有效光輻射強度逐漸提升，濕地的FGPP隨著月份的變化而逐漸增加。本研究經由不同有效光輻射強度(I)與FGPP的測量結果，經由迴歸分析建立FGPP -I之相關方程式，顯示FGPP隨著I的增加最初呈快速增加，逐漸減緩增加至最後達飽和最大值，可獲得最大總初級生產量(FGPPmax)。本研究發現每月份所測得的FGPPmax各有不同，最高的FGPPmax值同樣發生在2013年7~8月，最低值同樣發生在2013年10月。研究亦發現濕地的總呼吸通量(FER)與罩內水溫(T)的關係可用modified Arrhenius equation來描述，溫度校正係數值θ=1.01顯示總呼吸通量隨氣溫的上升而些微的增加。甲烷與氧化亞氮交換通量監測結果多為從濕地釋放，分別介於-46~146mg CH4-C/m2/day及-10.6~80.0 N2O μg/m2/h，與人工濕地的文獻值比較，本研究的調查結果均在文獻範圍內。

This research, since July 2013 to June 2014, conducted survey within a reed-based surface flow constructed wetland in Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science. Using closed static chamber techniques, along with gas concentration analysis, we investigated fluxes of trace gas (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane); furthermore, we evaluated reed-based wetland’s fluxes of net ecosystem exchange (FNEE), total ecosystem respiration (FER), gross primary production (FGPP), emission of methane and nitrous oxide. This research also investigated water quality purification performance of the surface flow constructed wetland.

We conducted experiment using closed static chamber techniques monthly; each time was conducted in a sunny day from 10-14 and in different intensity of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in different light-intensity conditions. In an absolute light-intensity condition, gross primary production in wetland (FGPP) changed substantially with seasons and months; highest FGPP value was 1774.9~1899.9mg C/m2/hr in summer (July~ August) in 2013. At this time, temperature and light & radiation intensity reached to highest value of the year; reed’s growing condition (leaf quantity, plant height) reached to saturated condition; wetland’s photosynthesis reached to the utmost condition. Lowest FGPP value was 749.2mg C/m2/hr in Mid-autumn (October) in 2013. Though at this time, temperature and light & radiation intensity was not as cold as in winter season (December~ January); however, blooming of reeds and growing plants and drying leaves would hinder photosynthesis and absorbing of carbon dioxide. From end of winter to spring/ summer season (February to June), the new growth period, fresh leaves started to grow, and temperature and available light & radiation intensity increased gradually, and wetland’s FGPP increased gradually with months. This research inspected using different active radiation intensity (I) and FGPP, and established FGPP –I relationship using regression analysis. It shows that, as I increased, FGPP increased substantially at its initial period, then gradually increased to finally reach its utmost saturated value, and gained the maximum gross primary production (FGPPmax). This research discovered that every month we had different FGPPmax; highest FGPPmax value is still in July~ Auguest 2013; lowest FGPPmax value is still in October 2013. This research also discovered that the relation between wetland’s gross respiration flux (FER) and water temperature (T) can be described as modified Arrhenius equation. Temperature correction coefficient value θ=1.01 shows that gross
respiration flux increased slightly as temperature increased. The results of methane and nitrous oxide emission flux were -46 ~ 146 mg CH4-C/m2/day and -10.6~80.0 N2O μg/m2/h, respectively, which were within the range of reported values from related literature.

中文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------------------------------III
致謝------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V
目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------VI
圖目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------X
表目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------XIV
第一章 前言------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1研究動機-------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2研究方向與目的----------------------------------------------------------------3
1.3研究架構-------------------------------------------------------------------------4
第二章文獻回顧--------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.1濕地的定義及分類-------------------------------------------------------------5
2.1.1天然濕地------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.2.2人工濕地------------------------------------------------------------------6
2.2濕地中碳循環-------------------------------------------------------------------9
2.2.1碳循環途徑---------------------------------------------------------------9
2.2.2碳收支計算--------------------------------------------------------------12
2.3全球的主要碳儲場及碳地碳庫存貢獻------------------------------------15

2.4採氣罩技術---------------------------------------------------------------------20
2.5濕地的碳吸存能力與甲烷釋放通量的文獻報導------------------------26
2.5.1不同濕地的碳吸存通量-----------------------------------------------26
2.5.2不同濕地的甲烷釋放通量--------------------------------------------27
2.6國內有關濕地碳吸存能力與甲烷釋放通量的文獻報導---------------31
2.6.1新海人工濕地中水生植物碳吸存功能調查-----------------------31
2.6.2打鳥埤人工濕地CO2通量推估及四季變化趨勢-----------------32
2.6.3人工濕地碳質量收支平衡及碳匯能力之研究--------------------33
2.6.4七股鹽田濕地潮間帶灘地初級生產量及溫室氣體通量調-----34
2.6.5南臺灣紅樹林濕地碳吸存能力之調查-----------------------------34
2.6.6南臺灣淡水埤塘與鹹水潟湖溫室氣體通量之調查--------------35
2.6.7表面流人工濕地二氧化碳交換通量之調查-----------------------35
第三章實驗設備與研究方法----------------------------------------------------------37
3.1研究場址------------------------------------------------------------------------37
3.2氣體交換通量測量------------------------------------------------------------41
3.2.1密閉式靜置採氣罩-----------------------------------------------------41
3.2.2氣體濃度分析-----------------------------------------------------------46
3.2.3氣體通量計算-----------------------------------------------------------49
3.3總初級生產量與日罩輻射強度的相關方程式---------------------------50

3.4濕地水質監測------------------------------------------------------------------51
3.5氣體年平均釋放通量推估---------------------------------------------------53
第四章結果與討論----------------------------------------------------------------------54
4.1人工濕地水質分析------------------------------------------------------------54
4.1.1溫度與pH值------------------------------------------------------------54
4.1.2溶氧與氧化還原電位--------------------------------------------------54
4.1.3懸浮固體物與濁度-----------------------------------------------------54
4.1.4生化需氧量--------------------------------------------------------------55
4.1.5導電度--------------------------------------------------------------------55
4.1.6總凱式氮與氨氮--------------------------------------------------------55
4.2二氧化碳交換通量調查------------------------------------------------------59
4.2.1二氧化碳交換通量與總初級生產量調查結果--------------------59
4.2.2季節與月份變化對二氧化碳交換通量的影響--------------------75
4.2.3總初級生產量與有效輻射值之相關方程式-----------------------81
4.2.4總平均呼吸通量與溫度的關係--------------------------------------97
4.3甲烷通量調查----------------------------------------------------------------100
4.4氧化亞氮通量調查----------------------------------------------------------102
第五章結論與建議--------------------------------------------------------------------105
5.1結論----------------------------------------------------------------------------105

5.2建議----------------------------------------------------------------------------106
第六章參考文獻-----------------------------------------------------------------------108

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