參考文獻
一、中文文獻
(一) 專書
1、孫小萍,處方藥產業的法律戰爭──專利侵權之學名藥實驗例外,元照出版社,民國97年。
2、陳龍昇,專利法,元照出版社,民國103年。
3、楊代華,處方藥產業的法律戰爭──藥品試驗資料之保護,元照出版社,民國97年。
4、楊智傑,專利法,新學林出版社,民國103年。
(二) 期刊文章
1、王立達、陳蔚奇,學名藥上市審查之專利連結制度:從美國經驗檢證其存立基礎與制度設計,臺大法學論叢,第39 卷第4 期,第349-406頁,民國99年12月。
2、沈宗倫,專利新穎性之先前技術範圍界定與比對──評最高行政法院九十八年度判字第一四九號行政判決,月旦法學雜誌,第197期,第165-181頁,民國100年10月。3、黃珮珍、王立達,專利法對醫藥衍生發明之合理評價──以已知物質衍生物為中心,成大法學,第23期,第35-82頁,民國101年6月。(三) 研討會文章
1、蘇嘉瑞、陳國華、趙缉熙,藥品智慧財產權紛爭之實務研析,藥品專利訴訟實務分享及藥廠業務行銷法律風險研討會,中華民國製藥發展協會,台北,民國100年9月。
(四) 學位論文
1、張君如,美國專利無效判斷雙軌制之研究,國立中正大學財經法律研究所碩士論文,民國98年。(五) 網路資料
1、中華百科全書,藥物生體利用率,http://ap6.pccu.edu.tw/Encyclopedia/data.asp?id=7691&forepage=5 (最後瀏覽日期:民國104年3月21日)。
2、中國大百科全書智慧藏,外消旋體,http://163.17.79.102/%A4%A4%B0%EA%A4j%A6%CA%AC%EC/Content.asp?ID=47440 (最後瀏覽日期:民國104年1月28日)。
3、中國評論月刊網路版,印度:世界藥房的麻煩,http://mag.chinareviewnews.com/crn-webapp/mag/docDetail.jsp?coluid=35&docid=102293333 (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年11月13日)。
4、台灣立報,專利「藥命」:藥品專利在印度─「讓所有人能取得藥物」,http://www.lihpao.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-128353 (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年11月13日)。
5、台灣智權與科學,湯森路透公布2014年全球百大創新機構名單,http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.tw/press/20141106/(最後瀏覽日期:民國103年12月31日)。
6、台灣醒報,抗癌藥專利案 印度法院駁回,http://news.sina.com.tw/article/20130408/9325454.html (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年11月13日)。
7、行政院衛生署食品藥物管理局,藥品組新手上路手冊,http://www.fda.gov.tw/upload/133/2014020716485115412.pdf (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年12月8日)。
8、孫遠釗,反向支付和解是否違反競爭?專利、學名藥廠的恩怨情仇和市場的供需與價格,http://www.uipex.com/monpub_show.aspx?ID=MP13073010351198 (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年12月6日)。
9、國家衛生研究院,簡介癌症標靶治療藥物研究現況,http://enews.nhri.org.tw/enews_list_new2.php?volume_indx=199&showx=showarticle&article_indx=5639&enews_dt=2007-05-04 (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年11月12日)。
10、越吟有限公司,奈米載體對於癌症藥物療效之影響,http://www.mmmpc.com.tw/yuehyin/MagSummary.aspx?ID=721&MID=12486 (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年12月18日)。
11、楊可欣,神經傳導物質,http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?tag=%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%82%B3%E5%B0%8E%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA (最後瀏覽日期:民國104年1月4日)。
12、葉忠福,什麼是PCT國際專利申請制度?,http://www.innosociety.org/front/bin/ptdetail.phtml?Part=knowledge025&Category=106584 (最後瀏覽日期:民國104年3月18日)。
13、經理人,不可不知的五大創新理論,http://www.managertoday.com.tw/?p=808 (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年12月1日)。
14、經濟部智慧財產局,專利審查基準彙編,http://www.tipo.gov.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=6680&CtUnit=3208&BaseDSD=7&mp=1 (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年12月18日)。
15、經濟部智慧財產局,中華民國專利資訊檢索系統,http://twpat6.tipo.gov.tw/tipotwoc/tipotwkm (最後瀏覽日期:民國104年3月18日)。
16、黎孝韻、曾國慶,自由基及抗氧化物功能的探討(收錄於藥學雜誌電子報第95期),http://www.taiwan-pharma.org.tw/JTP/095/095-103.htm (最後瀏覽日期:民國104年1月1日)。17、劉常勇,難以突破的創新困境,http://cm.nsysu.edu.tw/~cyliu/ (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年12月1日)。
18、輝瑞大藥廠,輝瑞歷史,http://www.pfizer.com.tw/about/about_2.asp (最後瀏覽日期:民國104年1月5日)。
19、默沙東,默沙東簡介,http://www.msd.com.tw/about/Pages/Introduction.aspx (最後瀏覽日期:民國104年3月18日)。
20、謝欣晏、蘇郁珊,試以美國雙邊貿易協定分析其推動藥品專利連結規範對台灣之影響,http://www.tradelaw.nccu.edu.
tw/epaper/no166/1.pdf (最後瀏覽日期:民國103年12月18日)。
(六) 判決
1、智慧財產法院97年度民專上字第20號判決。
2、智慧財產法院100年度民專上字第21號判決。
3、智慧財產法院100年度民專訴字第64號判決。
4、智慧財產法院101年度行專訴字第36號判決。
5、智慧財產法院103年度行專訴字第30號判決。
6、智慧財產法院103年度行專訴字第17號判決。
7、智專三(四)01027字第10321694670號舉發案。
二、英文文獻
I. Books
1、BASHEER, SHAMNAD, LIMITING THE PATENTABILITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVENTIONS AND MICRO-ORGANISMS: A TRIPS COMPATIBILITY REVIEW, LON-DON: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INSTITUTE (2005).
2、FEDERAL TRADE COMM’N, GENERIC DRUG ENTRY PRIOR TO PATENT EXPIRA-TION viii (2002).
II. Periodicals
1、Barnett, Jonathan M., Private Protection of Patentable Goods, 25 CARDOZO L. REV. 1251 (2004).
2、Chalmers, Robert, Evergreen or Deciduous? Australian Trends in Relation to the ‘Evergreening’ of Patents, MELBOURNE UNIV. L. REV. 29 (2007).
3、Gabrilovich, Lev D., Motivating the Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art: Eli Lilly and Co. Et Al. V. Teva Parenteral Med., Inc. and The Federal Circuit's Interpretation of the "Teaching, Suggestion, or Motivation" Test in Obviousness-Type Double Patenting, 14 N. C. J. L. & TECH. ON. 271 (2013).
4、Lee, Linda L., Trials and TRIPS-ulations: Indian Patent Law and Novartis AG v. Union of India, 23 BERKELEY TECH. L. J. 281 (2008).
5、Lim, Daryl, Self-Replicating Technologies and the Challenge for the Patent and Antitrust Laws, 32 CARDOZO ARTS & ENT. L. J. 131 (2013).
6、Schmitt, Allison A., Competition Ahead? The Legal Landscape for Reverse Payment Settlements after Federal Trade Commission v. Actavis, Inc., 29 BERKELEY TECH. L. J. 493 (2014).
III. Internet
1、Bhat, Pratima, Drug Patent Evergreening: An Overview, available at: http://blog.mmsholdings.com/blog/bid/86991/Drug-Patent-Evergreening-An-Overview (last visited Dec. 2, 2014).
2、Christie, Andrew F., Chris Dent, Peter McIntyre, Lachlan Wilson & David M. Studdert, Patents Associated with High-Cost Drugs in Australia, available at: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060812 (last visited Dec. 5, 2014).
3、Department of Justice Canada, Canada's Court System, available at: http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/ccs-ajc/page3.html (last visited Jan. 29, 2015).
4、DKFZ German Cancer Research Center, Meyenburg Award 2009 for the First Targeted Anti-Cancer Drug, available at: http://www.dkfz.de/en/presse/pressemitteilungen/2009/dkfz_pm_09_46.php (last visited Nov. 13, 2014).
5、Dr. Druker's Profile, From the Lab To the Clinic: Compassion, Passion for Sci-ence, available at: http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/health/services/cancer/about-us/druker/profile.cfm (last visited Nov. 13, 2014).
6、Graham Dutfield, Who Invented Glivec? Does It Matter Anyway?, available at: http://www.academia.edu/4172385/Who_Invented_Glivec_Does_It_Matter_Anyway (last visited Jan. 2, 2015).
7、Embassy of the United States—New Delhi India, Introduction to Patents, avail-able at: http://newdelhi.usembassy.gov/iprpatents.html (last visited Nov. 12, 2014).
8、Espacenet, EP0702555 (B1), available at: http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/description?CC=EP&NR=0702555B1&KC=B1&FT=D&ND=1&date=19980311&DB=&locale=en_EP (last visited Jan. 3, 2015)
9、Espacenet, WO9530421 (A1), available at: http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=WO&NR=9530421A1&KC=A1&FT=D (last vis-ited Mar. 19, 2015).
10、European Commission, Antitrust: Commission fines Servier and Five Generic Companies for Curbing Entry of Cheaper Versions of Cardiovascular Medicine, available at: http://europa.eurapid/press-release_IP-14-799_en.htm (last visited Dec. 19, 2014).
11、Harris, Gardiner & Katie Thomas, Low-Cost Drugs in Poor Nations Get a Lift in Indian Court, available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/02/business/global/top-court-in-india-rejects-novartis-drug-patent.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 (last visited Jan. 30, 2014).
12、Kohli, Shan, Section 3(D) Equivalent in the Offing for Thailand, available at: http://spicyip.com/2011/11/section-3d-equivalent-in-offing-for.html (last visited Nov. 13, 2014)
13、Krishna, R. Jai & Jeanne Whalen, Novartis Loses Glivec Patent Battle in India, available at: http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323296504578395672582230106 (last visited Nov. 13, 2014).
14、McMahon, Mary, What are Active Ingredients?, available at: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-active-ingredients.htm (last visited Jan. 5, 2015)
15、Monmaney, Terence, A Triumph in the War against Cancer, available at: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/a-triumph-in-the-war-against-cancer-1784705/?all (last visited Nov. 12, 2014).
16、Novartis, Annual Report 2012, available at: http://www.novartis.com/downloads/investors/reports/novartis-annual-report-2012-en.pdf (last visited Jan. 30, 2014).
17、Novartis, Annual Report 2013, available at: http://www.novartis.com/downloads/investors/reports/novartis-annual-report-2013-en.pdf (last visited Jan. 30, 2014)
18、Novartis, Annual Report 2014, available at: http://www.novartis.com/downloads/investors/reports/novartis-annual-report-2014-en.pdf (last visited Jan. 30, 2014)
19、Novartis Global, About Novartis Home, available at: http://www.novartis.com/about-novartis/index.shtml (last visited Jan. 30, 2014).
20、Novartis Global, Company History, available at: http://www.novartis.com/about-novartis/company-history/index.shtml (last visited Jan. 2, 2015)
21、Ogbru, Omudhome, Clopidogrel Bisulfate, Plavix, available at: http://www.medicinenet.com/clopidogrel/article.htm (last visited Jan. 28, 2015).
22、Palombi, Luigi, It’s Time to Fix the Free Trade Bungle on the Cost of Medicines, available at: http://theconversation.com/its-time-to-fix-the-free-trade-bungle-on-the-cost-of-medicines-32574 (last visited Dec. 18, 2014).
23、Pfizer, Appendix A 2013 Financial Report, available at: http://www.pfizer.com/files/investors/presentations/FinancialReport2013.pdf (last visited Jan. 28, 2015)
24、Pfizer, Appendix A 2014 Financial Report, available at: http://www.pfizer.com/system/files/presentation/2014_Pfizer_Financial_Report.pdf (last visited Jan. 28, 2015)
25、PhRMA, Researching Cancer Medicines: Setbacks and Stepping Stones, availa-ble at: http://www.phrma.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2014-cancer-setbacks-report.pdf (last visited Dec. 08, 2014).
26、Quinn, Gene and Steve Brachmann, The High Cost of Making Pharmaceuticals, available at: http://www.ipwatchdog.com/2014/10/19/the-high-cost-of-making-pharmaceuticals/id=51737/ (last visited Dec. 08, 2014).
27、Sanburn, Josh, Lipitor Already Cheaper after Patent Expiration, available at: http://business.time.com/2011/12/01/lipitor-patent-expiration-wont-mean-cheaper-generics-yet/ (last visited Dec.08, 2014)
28、Sanofi, Our History, available at: http://en.sanofi.com/our_company/history/history.aspx (last visited Jan. 28, 2015).
29、Sanofi, Sanofi Key Facts and Figures, available at: http://en.sanofi.com/our_company/key_facts_and_figures/key_facts_and_figures.aspx (last visited Jan. 28, 2015).
30、Sanofi, Sales by Business and Region, available at: http://en.sanofi.com/investors/key_facts_figures/net_sales/net_sales.aspx#para_6 (last visited Jan. 28, 2015).
31、Song, Sora, Lipitor vs. Crestor: Cholesterol Drugs on a Par, available at: http:
//healthland.time.com/2011/11/16/lipitor-vs-crestor-cholesterol-drugs-are-on-a-par/ (last visited Dec. 08, 2014).
32、The Department of Health, Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA), available at: http://www.health.gov.au/ausfta (last visited Jan. 5, 2015).
33、The Economist, Drug Patents ─ a Fool’s Game, available at: http://www.economist.com/blogs/schumpeter/2013/04/drug-patents (last visited Dec. 08, 2014).
34、The Official Blog of the University Course from Emory University on Healthcare Delivery, Rising Costs and Inequitable Access: How Evergreening Inflates Prescription Drug Costs, available at: https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/sick/2014/02/03/evergreen/ (last visited Nov. 13, 2014).
35、Thomson Reuters, About Us, available at: http://thomsonreuters.com/about-us/ (last visited Dec. 31, 2014).
36、Thomson Reuters, Thomson Reuters Top 100 Global Innovators, available at: http://top100innovators.com/ (last visited Dec. 31, 2014).
37、Tiwari, Gaurav, Ruchi Tiwari, Birendra Sriwastawa, L Bhati, S Pandey, P Pandey & Saurabh K Bannerjee, Drug Delivery Systems: an Updated Review, available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3465154/ (last visited Dec. 18, 2014).
38、Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, Cost Study Press Event Webcast, available at: http://csdd.tufts.edu/news/complete_story/cost_study_press_event_webcast (last visited Dec. 08, 2014).
39、White & Case LLP & DUA Consulting, The Value of Incremental Pharmaceuti-cal Innovation: Benefits for Indian Patients and Indian Business (A Report Pre-pared for the US-India Business Council), available at: http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/USIBCIncrementalInnovationReportFinal.pdf (last visited May 7, 2015).
40、Wikipedia, Free base, available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_base (last visited Jan. 1, 2015).
41、Zirkelbach, Robert, The Cost of Innovation, available at: http://www.phrma.org/catalyst/the-cost-of-innovation (last visited Dec. 08, 2014).
IV. Cases
1、Apotex, Inc. v. Thompson, 347 F.3d 1335 (Fed. Cir. 2003).
2、Apotex Inc. v. Sanofi-Synthelabo Canada Inc., [2008] 3 S.C.R. 265, 2008 SCC 61.
3、Ex parte Zimmerman, Appeal No. 2003-0919, U.S. Appl. No. 09/463,097.
4、Lilly Icos Llc. v Pfizer Ltd. (1) [2002] EWCA Civ 1 (2002).
5、Novartis AG v. Union of India & Others, Civil Appeal Nos. 2706-2716 (2013).
6、Pfizer Inc. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., 803 F. Supp. 2d 409 (E.D. Va. 2011).
7、Sanofi-Synthelabo v. Apotex, Inc., 492 F. Supp. 2d 353 (S.D.N.Y., 2007).
8、Sanofi-Synthelabo v. Apotex, Inc., 550 F.3d 1075 (Fed. Cir. 2008).
9、Sanofi-Synthelabo Canada Inc. v. Apotex Inc., [2005] F.C.J. No. 482, 2005 FC 390.