臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文旨在利用專利授權(patent licensing)的議題將其引入一般均衡模型(general equilibrium model)中，來探討既存文獻的不足。首先，我們利用單期的不完全競爭總體模型(macroeconomic model of imperfect competition)來討論專利持有廠商的最適授權契約問題。最適授權契約意指何種授權契約會使專利持有廠商(patent holder)獲取最大的利潤。本文發現，一般均衡分析考慮了商品市場和勞動市場的互動之後，實質工資和家計單位的勞動所得變成內生決定；因此，以致於我們的結論和既存的專利授權文獻會有所不同。其次，本文討論同樣利用了單期的不完全競爭總體模型結合政府使用強制授權(compulsory licensing)，來討論社會福利分析(social welfare analysis)。當研發廠商的技術移轉時，其收取的授權金收入是由研發廠商自身或是政府所決定時，最適的單位權利金(royalty licensing)會有何差異。本文發現，當產品差異程度較小時，政府決定的最適單位權利金會大於研發廠商所決定的最適單位權利金；當產品差異程度較大時，政府決定的最適單位權利金會小於研發廠商所決定的最商單位權利金。並且，政府決定的最適單位權利金和產品差異程度會產生逆U型(inverse U-shaped)。最後，本文嘗試將非常著名的品質提昇成長模型(quality-ladder growth model)來討論單位權利金授權。由於傳統的品質提昇模型文獻都是假定研發廠商會收取被授權廠商所有的利潤，來當做授權金收入，然而這些文獻並沒有明顯的處理研發廠商是用何種授權方式來獲取他們的專利報酬。為了使品質提昇模型能討論單位權利金授權，我們改變了傳統的品質提昇模型兩個地方。第一，中間財廠商從事古諾競爭(Cournot competition)。第二，每個產業的研發廠商為獨佔廠商，所以每一期都會持續做研發。經過了上述兩點的改變，品質提昇模型可以討論單位權利金授權。此外，我們也比較了伯特蘭德競爭(Bertrand competition)模型和古諾競爭模型下，最適的單位權利金的差異，並且討論中間財廠商家數會如何減少於市場之中，以及中間財廠商的最適行為如何被單位權利金所影響。

This dissertation incorporates patent licensing issue into the general equilibrium model to interpret the lack of existing literature. First, we discuss the optimal licensing contract of patent-holding firm in the imperfectly competitive macroeconomic model. The optimal licensing contract means that what the optimal licensing contract is for a profit-maximizing patent-holder. This dissertation is found that our general equilibrium analysis explicitly brings the mutual interaction between the goods market and the labor market into the picture, and hence endogenizes the real wage and the household’s income. Hence, our analysis finds some conflicting results compared to the existing studies on patent licensing. Second, this dissertation proposes how the level of social welfare would change under the compulsory licensing regime and patent licensing regime in the imperfectly competitive macroeconomic model. We adopt royalty licensing to compare the decisions of the policy authority (government) and the R&D firm. This dissertation is found that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between the optimal royalty rate and market power under the compulsory licensing regime. Moreover, when market power is relatively smaller (greater), the optimal royalty rate under the compulsory regime is higher (lower) than that under the R&D firm’s patent licensing regime. Finally, we set up a quality-ladder growth model that is able to explicitly analyze the role of royalty licensing. Canonical quality-ladder growth studies specify that the R&D firm takes away the entire profits of the intermediate firm that uses its innovative technology, but these studies do not explicitly deal with how the R&D firm acquires its rewards from the patent by way of patent licensing. We develop a framework in which intermediate goods firms can engage in either Bertrand competition or Cournot competition. By comparing these two types of competition, this paper provides insights toward understanding the linkages among the R&D firm’s royalty licensing, the intermediate goods firm exit, and the intermediate goods firm’s optimal production behavior.

謝辭…………………………………………………………………………….………i
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………ii
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………...iv
Chapter I Introduction…………………………………………………………..1
Chapter II A Macroeconomic Model of Imperfect Competition with Patent Licensing
2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………..5
2.2 The baseline model………………………………………………………….8
2.3 Macroeconomic Equilibrium………………………………………………..11
2.4 Comparison of the three regimes: macroeconomic variables………………22
2.5 Comparison of the three regimes: the welfare level………………………...31
2.6 Extensions and Discussion………………………………………………….33
2.7 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………45
Appendix ……………………………………………………………………….47
Figure…………………………………………………………………………...52
Table………………………………………………………………………….…54
Chapter III Royalty Licensing in a Macroeconomic Model: Patent Licensing Versus Compulsory Licensing
3.1Introduction………………………………………………………………….55
3.2 The Model……………………………………………….……………….…57
3.3 Government’s Compulsory Licensing Regime……………………………..63
3.4 Numerical Analysis…………………………………………………………67
3.5 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..71
Appendix …………………………………………………………………….72
Figure…………………………………………………………………………...74
Table…………………………………………………………………………….77
Chapter IV Royalty Licensing and Firm Exit in a Quality-Ladder Growth Model
4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………78
4.2 The Model…………………………………………………………………..80
4.3 Bertrand Competition………………………………………………………87
4.4 Cournot Competition……………………………………………………..…93
4.5 Numerical Analysis and Discussion……………………………………….101
4.6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………106
Appendix ……………………………………………………………………..109
Figure…………………………………………………………………………113
Table………………………………………………………………………….118
Chapter V Conclusions…………..………………………………….119
References…………………………………………………………………….….121

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