臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

牛樟芝Antrodia cinnamomea (AC)為台灣特有的藥用真菌，具有抗癌、降血壓、降血糖、降血脂、調節免疫、保護肝臟等功效。樟芝降血脂的動物模式在先前研究為餵食高脂飼料並同時補充樟芝，還沒有研究針對先餵食高脂飼料再給予樟芝補充後觀察樟芝對於高血脂的改善效果。本研究希望探討(i)樟芝改善高脂飲食誘發倉鼠高血脂症之效果；(ii)樟芝預防高脂飲食誘發倉鼠高血脂症之效果。實驗一將倉鼠分為四組，控制組(control, C12)於實驗期12週皆餵食一般飼料，高脂組(high-fat, HF12)餵食高脂飼料；一倍劑量樟芝組(HF12 +AC I)以及兩倍劑量樟芝組(HF12 + AC II)先餵食高脂飼料4週後，於第5週起每天管灌一倍劑量樟芝菌絲體(133.2 mg/kg BW)以及兩倍劑量樟芝菌絲體(266.4 mg/kg BW)並同時餵食高脂飼料直到12週實驗期結束。實驗二將倉鼠分為四組，為控制組(Control, C4)餵食一般飼料，高脂組(high fat, HF4)餵食高脂飼料，一倍劑量樟芝組(HF4 +AC I)以及兩倍劑量樟芝組(HF4 + AC II)為同時餵食高脂飼料與不同劑量樟芝，實驗期為期4週。結果顯示，不論在改善型或預防型的實驗中，補充樟芝可降低倉鼠血液及肝臟中總膽固醇(total cholesterol, TC)與三酸甘油酯(triglycerides, TG)濃度、肝臟中脂質過氧化指標TBARS、肝臟損傷指標alanine transaminase (ALT)，但糞便中TC的排除量顯著較高。預防型實驗糞便TG及膽酸在HF+AC II組中的排出量明顯高於HF組。實驗一測量肝臟中脂質相關蛋白質表現，發現餵食樟芝能夠提高peroxisome proliferate-activated receptor (PPAR) γ、cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1)並降低HMG-CoA reductase、acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2)的表現。另外，攝取樟芝的倉鼠體內與發炎相關的cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)、annexin A3 (ANXA3)的表現顯著低於高脂組。綜合以上結果，樟芝對於高脂飼料所誘發的高血脂症具有改善效果。

關鍵字：樟芝、高血脂、倉鼠

Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a unique mushroom in Taiwan. AC has been claimed to possess many biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-hypertension, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hyperlipidmia, immune-modulation, and liver protection. In previous studies, AC was administered to animals with high-fat diets to examine its protective effect on hyperlipidemia. In this current study, two experiments were conducted. In experiment I, hamsters were fed high-fat diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia, followed by the administration of AC mycelia powder (133.2 and 266.4 mg/kg BW for AC I and AC II groups, respectively) with high-fat diet for another 8 weeks. In experiment II, AC mycelia powder was given (133.2 and 266.4 mg/kg BW for AC I and AC II groups, respectively) to the hamsters with high-fat diet from the beginning of experiment and lasted for 4 weeks. In both experiments, supplementation of AC significantly down-regulated serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine transaminase (ALT), and hepatic TBARS, but increased the excretion of TC in feces. In experiment I, the excretion of TG and bile acid in feces, the expression of peroxisome proliferate-activated receptor (PPAR) γ、and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were up-regulated by AC while the expression of HMG-CoA reductase and acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2) were suppressed by AC. Supplementation of AC also suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and annexin A3 (ANXA3). On the basic of the results, administration of AC attenuated the hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet.

Keyword: Antrodia cinnamomea, hyperlipidmia, hamsters

目錄
致謝 I
目錄 II
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 X
摘要 XI
Abstract XII
前言 1
壹、樟芝 2
一、樟芝簡介 2
二、樟芝活性功效 3
（一）抑制癌細胞生長 3
（二）抗發炎 4
（三）保護肝臟 5
（四）降血脂 6
貳、高血脂 7
一、高血脂症定義 7
二、血脂與動脈硬化 9
參、體內脂質代謝 11
一、三酸甘油酯 11
二、膽固醇 12
三、脂蛋白 12
（一）乳糜微粒(chylomicron, CM) 13
（二）極低密度脂蛋白(very low density lipoprotein, VLDL) 13
（三）中密度脂蛋白(intermediate density lipoprotein, IDL) 16
（四）低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein, LDL) 16
（五）高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein, HDL) 16
四、調控脂質代謝相關蛋白質 17
（一）Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 17
（二）Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 20
（三）Fatty acid synthase (FAS) 22
（四）HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) 22
（五）LDL receptor (LDLR) 24
（六）Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) 26
（七）Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) 27
（八）Microsomal triacylglycerol transport protein (MTP) 29
（九）Peroxisome proliferate-activated receptor (PPAR) 30
五、發炎反應相關蛋白質 31
（一）Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 31
（二）Annexin A3 (ANXA3) 33
六、脂質代謝之動物實驗模式 33
實驗目的 35
材料與方法 36
一、樟芝來源 36
二、實驗動物與飼養條件 36
（一）樟芝改善高脂飼料誘發倉鼠高血脂症之動物模式 36
（二）樟芝預防高脂飼料誘發倉鼠高血脂症之動物模式 38
三、樣品收集 41
四、血液生化值分析 41
（一）血清三酸甘油酯(triglycerides, TG)分析 41
（二）血清總膽固醇(total cholesterol, TC)分析 42
（三）血清高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)分析 43
（四）血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)分析 43
（五）血清天門冬胺酸轉胺酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)分析 44
（六）血清丙胺酸轉胺酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)分析 44
五、肝臟分析 45
（一）肝臟脂質萃取 45
（二）肝臟脂質分析 45
1. 肝臟三酸甘油酯濃度測定 45
2. 肝臟膽固醇濃度測定 46
（三）肝臟細胞質分離 46
（四）肝臟細胞質蛋白質濃度 46
（五）西方墨點法 47
1. Gel preparation 47
2. Sample preparation and gel electrophoresis 47
3. Transfer and blocking 49
4. Probing 50
5. Chemiluminescent detection 50
6. Stripping and reprobing 50
（六）肝臟脂質過氧化指標TBARS含量測定 53
六、糞便分析 53
（一）糞便脂質萃取 53
（二）糞便三酸甘油酯 53
（三）糞便膽固醇 54
（四）糞便膽酸分析 54
七、統計與分析 55
結果 56
壹、樟芝改善高脂飼料誘發倉鼠高血脂症之效果（實驗一） 56
一、樟芝對於倉鼠體重及臟器重的影響 56
二、樟芝對於倉鼠血液生化值的影響 58
（一）血清三酸甘油酯、總膽固醇、高密度與低密度脂蛋白膽固醇 58
1. 血清三酸甘油酯濃度 58
2. 血清總膽固醇濃度 60
3. 血清高密度與低密度脂蛋白膽固醇 60
（二）血清天門冬胺酸轉胺酶與丙胺酸轉胺酶活性 63
1. 血清天門冬胺酸轉胺酶活性 63
2. 血清丙胺酸轉胺酶活性 65
三、樟芝對於倉鼠肝臟脂質的影響 65
（一）肝臟三酸甘油酯含量 65
（二）肝臟膽固醇含量 65
四、樟芝對於倉鼠糞便脂質的影響 67
（一）糞便三酸甘油酯含量 67
（二）糞便膽固醇含量 67
（三）糞便膽酸含量 67
五、樟芝對於倉鼠肝臟TBARS的影響 67
六、樟芝對於倉鼠肝臟脂質代謝相關蛋白質表現的影響 70
（一）Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) 70
（二）Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 70
（三）Fatty acid synthase (FAS) 70
（四）HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) 74
（五）LDL receptor (LDLR) 74
（六）Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) 74
（七）Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2) 78
（八）Microsomal triacylglycerol transport protein (MTP) 78
（九）Peroxisome proliferate-activated receptor (PPAR) 78
七、樟芝對於倉鼠肝臟發炎反應相關蛋白質表現的影響 83
（一）Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 83
（二）Annexin A3 (ANXA3) 83
貳、樟芝預防高脂飼料誘發倉鼠高血脂症之效果（實驗二） 86
一、樟芝對於倉鼠體重及臟器重的影響 86
二、樟芝對於倉鼠血液生化值的影響 86
（一）血清三酸甘油酯、總膽固醇 88
1. 血清三酸甘油酯濃度 88
2. 血清總膽固醇濃度 88
（二）血清天門冬胺酸轉胺酶與丙胺酸轉胺酶活性 88
1. 血清天門冬胺酸轉胺酶活性 88
2. 血清丙胺酸轉胺酶活性 91
三、樟芝對於倉鼠肝臟脂質的影響 91
（一）肝臟三酸甘油酯含量 91
（二）肝臟膽固醇含量 91
四、樟芝對於倉鼠糞便脂質的影響 91
（一）糞便三酸甘油酯含量 91
（二）糞便膽固醇含量 94
（三）糞便膽酸含量 94
五、樟芝對於倉鼠肝臟TBARS的影響 94
討論 97
一、樟芝對於倉鼠飼料攝取、體重及臟器重的探討 97
二、樟芝對於倉鼠體內生化指標的探討 97
三、樟芝對於倉鼠體內脂質平衡的探討 100
四、樟芝對於倉鼠發炎反應的探討 105
參考文獻 109

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