蘭嶼位於臺灣東南方海面，高溫高濕、多風多雨為其熱帶型氣候的特徵。蘭嶼年平均風速為全臺之冠（每秒約8.1公尺），夏季颱風頻繁，冬季東北季風盛行，因此其島民雅美人發展出以適應強風氣候為主的居住型式。昔日雅美人利用簡單的工具、技術整地造屋，其傳統民居的設計理念充分回應了自然環境中氣候與地形的特徵。雅美人以「海陸軸」的空間觀及階梯狀「凹下基地」的獨特形式，克服了強風環境的氣候挑戰。
雅美族的生產方式農漁兼備，鄰近天然港灣為聚落選址的首要條件。聚落背山面海而築，由於座落位置及周邊地形的差異，其地面風場各不相同。本文以水桌實驗方法，模擬及觀察蘭嶼冬季風場的定性風力效應，藉以探討雅美族傳統民居的防風對策。由實驗觀察結果，可知雅美人依其強風經驗，將聚落「避風選址」於海岸地帶的弱風之處。冬季強風地區的聚落，其「海陸軸」軸向平行於盛行風場，配合工作房及涼台山牆面向海洋的配置原則，以減低風阻 (Wind Drag) 為其防風對策。
雅美族典型的「家」，主要包含主屋Vehey、工作房Makarang及涼台Tagakal等三個建築單元。本文以風速計實地測量傳統民居宅地Sako上的風速，藉以探討其風速分佈及風場型態。主屋建築於宅地後側的凹下基地，以前庭Inaorod、工作房、涼台所形成的遮蔽效應（Shelter Effect）躲避強風；依照聚落風場強弱程度不同，凹下基地的深度及工作房山牆的表面積也有所調整。由此可知，雅美族傳統民居的防風對策，源自於傳統知識中對於風力效應的理解及應用，尤其更因應當地微氣候風場的特徵而調適，雅美族優異的建築智慧值得學習。

Lanyu （Orchid Island） is a tropical island off the south-eastern coast of Taiwan where aboriginal people, the Yami, reside. It has a climatic that features high temperatures, high humidity, heavy rainfalls and strong seasonal winds with a yearly mean wind speed of approximate 8.1 m/s. The Yami built traditional houses with local materials and techniques responsive to topography and climate. To reduce the effect of strong winds, the Yami built their houses to adapt to the local wind conditions along the coastal area, namely, with the longitudinal direction of the settlement site pointing toward the sea. Besides, they utilize the wind shelter effect for avoiding structural damage by building main houses at subterranean sites.

The life pattern of Yami people is both fishing and cultivating, therefore they constructed settlements near to natural harbors, especially with the sea-land axes of their own. This research explores the wind-resisting strategy of Yami people, based on the local wind directions caused by the difference in the locations and topography of the various settlements by both water tunnel experiments and field observations. The results show that for the purpose of resisting strong winds, the Yami selected their settlement sites by avoiding the strong winds. In addition, they also arranged their dwelling units into certain patterns in response to the local wind with their vernacular wisdom.

The typical plan of traditional Yami house consists of three dwellings which are main house, workshop and resting platform. Due to high speed seasonal winds and typhoons, the Yami adopt three strategies for wind resistance. First, they group the three dwellings into a building complex with sea-land axis which is the prevailing wind direction. Second, they minimize the frontal area of the above-ground houses facing the strong winds, so that wind drag is greatly reduced. The average depth of the subterranean site depends on the locally wind condition of each settlement. The strategy of wind resistance shows the vernacular wisdom of Yami people.

第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-1-1 雅美族傳統民居 2
1-1-2 國民住宅 3
1-1-3 住宅整(新)建五年計劃 4
1-2 研究動機與目的 6
1-3 研究範圍與研究方法 7
1-3-1 研究範圍 7
1-3-2 研究方法 8
1-4 研究架構 12
第二章 文獻回顧 15
2-1 雅美族社會文化的相關研究 15
2-2 雅美族民居建築的相關研究 17
2- 3建築防風設計的相關研究 20
第三章 蘭嶼的氣候與地形 25
3-1 蘭嶼的氣候 25
3-1-1蘭嶼的地理位置與氣候特徵25
3-1-2 季風與颱風氣候27
3-2 蘭嶼的地形 31
3-2-1 地形特徵與聚落分佈 31
3-2-2 傳統聚落基地地形 32
3-3 雅美族傳統文化中的風向方位 35
3-3-1 紅頭村、漁人村的風向方位及名稱 35
3-3-2 椰油村的風向方位及名稱 37
3-3-3 野銀村的風向方位及名稱 39
第四章 雅美族傳統聚落的防風對策 41
4-1 「海陸軸」空間觀與聚落方位 41
4-2 聚落「避風選址」原則解析 44
4-2-1 水桌實驗模擬聚落風場 44
4-2-2 聚落「避風選址」之實驗解析 46
4-3 聚落方位與盛行風向一致 56
第五章 雅美族傳統民居的防風對策 61
5-1 遮蔽效應 61
5-1-1 居住單元防風配置原則 61
5-1-2 工作房配置在「惡風」風向 64
5-2 減低風阻及表面風壓 65
5-2-1 工作房建築形式 66
5-2-2 工作房建築尺度 68
5-3 凹下基地 69
5-3-1 半穴居基地防風地形 69
5-3-2 地面風場影響半穴居基地的深度 74
5-4 防風地形之風場型態 78
5-4-1 水桌模擬風場型態 78
5-4-2風速分怖 79
第六章 結論與建議 83
6-1 結論 83
6-2 建議 85
參考文獻 87