臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

上肢的累積性傷害是人因工程研究中主要的一部分，而握力與捏力皆是造成手及手腕累積性傷害之一項主要風險因子。評估握力及捏力可以藉此提供與工作有關的訊息，有學者研究指出，肌力若無法跟作業配合，會因過度使用而造成嚴重傷害，因此這些訊息可用於設備或工作站的設計，降低其所需之肌力。
本研究探討手套材質與厚度對握力與指捏力之影響。三種市面上可買到的手套箱手套，包括丁基合成橡膠手套、氯璜化聚乙烯手套與氯丁橡膠手套，各有0.015英吋與0.03英吋兩種。利用逐步迴歸法與倒傳遞類神經網路法建構握力與指捏力模型。
研究顯示，穿戴手套會減少握力大小，男性握力與指捏力均大於女性，薄手套可保持較高的握力與指捏力，使用丁基合成橡膠材質可保持較高的握力。依據結果建議，穿戴厚度為0.015英吋的丁基合成橡膠手套，可將手套箱手套對握力與指捏力的影響減到最小；利用倒傳遞類神經網路對握力及指捏力有較佳之預測結果。

Cumulative trauma disorders（CTDs）of the upper extremities are one of the major ergonomics parts of research. Gripping and pinching both are the common risk factors which are caused the hand and wrist CTDs. The evaluation of grip strength and pinch strength are essential in order to provide information which is related to work capacity. If the muscle strength doesn’t match the tasks, it can cause serious overuse injuries. This information can be used for designing equipments and workstations to fit the strength in order to reduce the force relative to the muscular strength available.
This study evaluates the effect on the grip strength and the key pinch strength on the glove material and the glove thickness. Three commercially available glovebox gloves, namely butyl, hypalon and neoprene in 0.015 and 0.03 inch thickness. Using the stepwise regression and back-propagation neural network（BPNN）to model the grip and key pinch strength.
The results show that the gloved hands decrease the grip strength. Both male grip and key pinch strength are batter than female. Thin gloves retain better grip and key pinch strength compared to thick gloves. Butyl material retains better grip strength than hypalon and neoprene materials. Based on the results, 0.015 inch butyl glove is recommended to minimize the effects on grip and key pinch strength. To use the BPNN can get better prediction on grip and key pinch strength.

目 錄
誌 謝 I
摘 要 II
Abstract III
目 錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.1.1 上肢肌肉骨骼傷害危險因子及嚴重性 2
1.1.2 手套對施力影響 4
1.1.3 手套材質特性對握力與肌肉疲勞之影響 4
1.2 研究目的 5
1.3 研究架構 6
第二章 文獻回顧 8
2.1 手套箱手套 8
2.2 重複性手部操作 9
2.2.1 累積性工作傷害危害因子 11
2.2.2 影響手部施力之因素 13
2.3 類神經網路 16
第三章 研究方法 19
3.1 實驗設計 19
3.1.1 自變項 19
3.1.2 依變項 20
3.1.3 控制變項 20
3.2 受測者 21
3.3 實驗儀器 27
3.4 實驗步驟 31
3.5 資料分析 32
第四章 研究結果 34
4.1 手套對施力之影響 34
4.1.1 性別與手套對最大握力之影響 34
4.1.2 性別與手套對最大指捏力之影響 39
4.2 手套特性對施力之影響 45
4.2.1 性別、手套材質及厚度對最大握力之影響 45
4.2.2 性別、手套材質及厚度對最大指捏力之影響 48
4.3人體計測值及手掌大小與施力之關係 51
4.3.1 皮爾森相關係數 51
4.3.2 迴歸預測模型 54
4.4 類神經網路模型 60
第五章 討論 68
5.1 手套對施力之影響 68
5.2 手套特性對施力之影響 69
5.3 人體計測值及手掌大小與施力之關係 70
5.4 迴歸方法與類神經網路方法預測比較 71
第六章 結論與建議 74
6.1 結論 74
6.2 建議 75
參考文獻 76
附錄一 受測者同意書 85
附錄二 類神經網路之徒手握力預測模式圖 86
附錄三 類神經網路之徒手指捏力預測模式圖 87
附錄四 類神經網路之穿戴手套握力預測模式圖 88
附錄五 類神經網路之穿戴手套指捏力預測模式圖 89



圖目錄
圖1.1 研究流程架構圖 7
圖2.1 手套箱（glovebox） 9
圖3.1 手部標記點圖 25
圖3.2 數位式游標卡尺（Mitutoyo500-171） 26
圖3.3 皮尺 26
圖3.4 指針式身高體重計（永田牌） 26
圖3.5 碼表（CASIO HS-20） 27
圖3.6 捏力計（Hydraulic hand dynamomrter, JAMAR） 28
圖3.7 握力計（Hydraulic pinch meter, JAMAR） 29
圖3.8 丁基合成橡膠手套（butyl glove） 30
圖3.9 氯璜化聚乙烯手套（hypalon glove） 30
圖3.10 氯丁橡膠手套（neoprene glove） 30
圖3.11 握力量測標準自然姿勢 32
圖3.12 指捏力量測標準自然姿勢 32
圖4.1 男女於不同手套型態下之握力平均值（單位：磅） 44
圖4.2 男女於不同手套型態下之指捏力平均值（單位：磅） 45
圖4.3 男女於不同手套材質與厚度下之握力平均值 50
圖4.4 男女於不同手套材質與厚度下之指捏力平均值 51
圖4.5 徒手握力之倒傳遞類神經網路架構圖 62
圖4.6 徒手指捏力之倒傳遞類神經網路架構圖 63
圖4.7 穿戴手套握力之倒傳遞類神經網路架構圖 65
圖4.8 穿戴手套指捏力之倒傳遞類神經網路架構圖 66















表目錄
表3.1 相關人體計測資料（N＝33） 23
表3.2 手部標記點與尺寸定義 24
表4.1 男女於不同手套型態下之握力平均值差異（單位：磅） 34
表4.2 手套與性別對握力之重複量測變異數分析 35
表4.3 握力作業下性別之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 35
表4.4 握力作業下徒手與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 36
表4.5 握力作業下B15與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 36
表4.6 握力作業下B30與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 37
表4.7 握力作業下H15與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 37
表4.8 握力作業下H30與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 38
表4.9 握力作業下N15與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 38
表4.10 握力作業下N30與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 39
表4.11 男女於不同手套型態下之指捏力平均值差異（單位：磅） 39
表4.12 手套與性別對指捏力之重複量測變異數分析 40
表4.13 指捏力作業下性別之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 40
表4.14 指捏力作業下徒手與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 41
表4.15 指捏力作業下B15與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 41
表4.16 指捏力作業下B30與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 42
表4.17 指捏力作業下H15與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 42
表4.18 指捏力作業下H30與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 43
表4.19 指捏力作業下N15與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 43
表4.20 指捏力作業下N30與其餘手套型態之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 44
表4.21 男女於不同手套材質與厚度下之握力平均值差異（單位：磅） 46
表4.22手套材質、厚度及性別對握力之重複量測變異數分析 47
表4.23 握力作業下手套材質之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 47
表4.24 握力作業下手套厚度之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 48
表4.25 握力作業下性別之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 48
表4.26 男女於不同手套材質與厚度下之指捏力平均值差異（單位：磅） 48
表4.27手套材質、厚度及性別對指捏力之重複量測變異數分析 49
表4.28 指捏力作業下手套厚度之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 50
表4.29 指捏力作業下性別之LSD成對比較（單位：磅） 50
表4.30 徒手握力及指捏力之Person相關係數 52
表4.31 穿戴手套握力及指捏力之Person相關係數 53
表4.32 徒手握力之迴歸變異數分析 55
表4.33 徒手握力之迴歸顯著變數 55
表4.34 徒手握力及指捏力迴歸模型之判定係數 56
表4.35 徒手指捏力之迴歸顯著變數 56
表4.36 徒手指捏力之迴歸變異數分析 57
表4.37 穿戴手套握力之迴歸變異數分析 57
表4.38 穿戴手套握力之迴歸顯著變數 58
表4.39 穿戴手套握力及指捏力迴歸模型之判定係數 58
表4.40 穿戴手套指捏力之迴歸變異數分析 59
表4.41 穿戴手套指捏力之迴歸顯著變數 60
表4.42 徒手握力之倒傳遞類神經網路之訓練結果 62
表4.43 徒手指捏力之倒傳遞類神經網路之訓練結果 64
表4.44 穿戴手套握力之倒傳遞類神經網路之訓練結果 65
表4.45 穿戴手套指捏力之倒傳遞類神經網路之訓練結果 67
表5.1 逐步迴歸法與倒傳遞類神經網路法之RMSE 73
表5.2 逐步迴歸法與倒傳遞網路法之RMSE差異（％） 73

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