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研究生:游雅雯
研究生(外文):Ya-Wen Yu
論文名稱:從後殖民觀點探討馬來西亞的「政治伊斯蘭」運動
論文名稱(外文):Political Islam in Malaysia: A Post-Colonial Perspective
指導教授:莊錦農莊錦農引用關係蔡源林蔡源林引用關係
口試委員:施正鋒黃東治紀舜傑謝國斌陳慧蓉
口試日期:2011-06-30
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:政治學研究所
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:政治學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2011
畢業學年度:99
語文別:中文
論文頁數:241
中文關鍵詞:政治伊斯蘭後殖民主義民族主義族群關係馬來西亞
外文關鍵詞:Political IslamPost-colonialismNationalismEthnic RelationsMalaysia
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本論文採取後殖民主義的理論角度,檢視1970年代初期到2010年之間發生在馬來西亞的政治伊斯蘭運動。本文所要處理的研究問題包括:一、馬來西亞政治伊斯蘭運動的成因為何?二、政治伊斯蘭運動與馬來族群認同的關係為何?三、誰參與政治伊斯蘭運動?四、非馬來族群對於政治伊斯蘭運動的回應如何?既有研究馬來西亞政治伊斯蘭運動的文獻大致是從社會運動、族群關係或政黨政治的角度切入,但忽略了從馬來族群企圖擺脫殖民狀態、重建文化主體性的後殖民觀點進行研究,因此本論文希望補充這個研究空缺。筆者的研究發現為:第一,馬來西亞政治伊斯蘭運動是一種由馬來族群所發起的「後殖民主義運動」,其目的在於對抗英國殖民主義以及西方世俗體制在馬來社會所遺留下的後遺症。第二,伊斯蘭自前殖民時期即與馬來族群有著緊密的聯繫關係,因此,伊斯蘭成為馬來族群團結馬來民族、建構國家認同,以及對西方殖民者進行後殖民文化反抗的重要媒介。第三,馬來西亞的政治伊斯蘭運動具有多元性,不僅包含了執政黨巫統 (UMNO) 與反對黨泛伊斯蘭黨 (PAS) 的政治伊斯蘭競賽,各種伊斯蘭非政府組織也都在馬來西亞伊斯蘭政治中扮演舉足輕重的角色。第四,本研究發現非馬來族群對於伊斯蘭運動的回應有其異質性,而不能將他們的聲音全歸為反伊斯蘭論述。換言之,由於華裔與印度裔族群內部有著語言、宗教信仰、階級、性別、移民馬來半島時間長短以及世代的差別,因此他們對政治伊斯蘭運動的回應論述也就有所差異。

This dissertation examines the political Islam in Malaysia since the 1970s from a post-colonial perspective. It deals with four research questions. First, why did political Islamic movements blossom in contemporary Malaysia? Second, what are the relations between political Islamic movements and the Malay identity? Third, who participate in these movements? Fourth, how do non-Malays respond to the political Islamic movements? Using qualitative research methods to examine historical documents and discourse materials, I argue that Malaysia’s political Islamic movements are cultural resistances to the British colonial legacy. In addition, I contend that Islam serves as a basis for the building of Malay identity and the Malays in turn rely on the power of identity to achieve political independence and strengthen their cultural subjectivity in the post-colonial era. Thirdly, I find that Malaysia’s political Islamic movements are not homogenous. The movements are involved by various political and social agents, such as the ruling party (UMNO), the major Malay opposition party (PAS), and numerous Islamic non-governmental organizations. Last, I find that the responses to the political Islamic movements by Malaysia’s minority ethnic groups, Chinese and Indians, are heterogeneous. While some of the non-Malay people are against the political Islamic movements, others propose alternative discourses to rethink the interaction between the political Islam and ethnic relations in Malaysia.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要………………………………………………………………ii
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1
第一節 問題意識及研究目的………………………………………1
第二節 名詞界定及文獻回顧………………………………………6
第三節 研究方法、資料來源及研究限制…………………………18

第二章 後殖民理論與研究架構………………………………………23
第一節 後殖民主義的思想背景及概念……………………………23
第二節 後殖民主義的理論總覽……………………………………30
第三節 本論文的研究架構…………………………………………42
第四節 後殖民主義在馬來西亞案例的應用………………………49

第三章 英國殖民時期的馬來亞………………………………………57
第一節 政治面向……………………………………………………57
第二節 社會及經濟面向……………………………………………63
第三節 教育、文化及宗教面向……………………………………69
第四節 英國殖民官員的論述分析…………………………………74

第四章 反殖民運動、民族主義與政治伊斯蘭運動的形成…………85
第一節 馬來人的自覺到反殖民運動………………………………85
第二節 民族主義與國家肇建………………………………………91
第三節 五一三族群衝突與伊斯蘭復興運動興盛前的情勢………95
第四節 伊斯蘭復興運動與伊朗革命的效應………………………102

第五章 全國馬來人統一組織(UMNO)的政治伊斯蘭…………………107
第一節 UMNO的轉型:從馬來民族主義到伊斯蘭現代主義………107
第二節 UMNO官方政治伊斯蘭的政策與措施………………………112
第三節 馬哈迪政治伊斯蘭思想的後殖民分析……………………117

第六章 泛伊斯蘭黨(PAS)的政治伊斯蘭 ……………………………132
第一節 PAS的成立與發展 …………………………………………132
第二節 「伊斯蘭政體」及「伊斯蘭律法」的主張………………139
第三節 PAS與UMNO的政治伊斯蘭論述競爭 ………………………148

第七章 馬來西亞公民社會與政治伊斯蘭運動………………………164
第一節 伊斯蘭非政府組織與政治伊斯蘭運動……………………164
第二節 非馬來裔社會對政治伊斯蘭運動的回應…………………173
第三節 公民社會的多元跨界論述…………………………………188
第四節 晚近案例分析:《先驅報》的「阿拉字眼」事件………202

第八章 結論……………………………………………………………216

附錄1 訪談名單 ………………………………………………………222

附錄2英文縮寫一覽表…………………………………………………224

參考文獻 ………………………………………………………………225
壹、西文部份 ………………………………………………………225
貳、中文部份 ………………………………………………………237
參、馬來西亞報紙 …………………………………………………241


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