文化景觀（Cultural Landscape）為世界文化資產在二十世紀末出現的新類型，代表的是人類與自然互動的結果。台灣《文化資產保存法》自2005年修法後，亦加入了文化景觀的類別，但在保存、維護與管理上，目前更缺乏適當的論述，甚至對於文化景觀類型的判斷，都有許多矛盾與謬誤。而文化遺產領域過去習慣的以建築物或構造物保存為主體的觀念與操作方式，在面對文化景觀類型時也必須加以改變與調整。

本研究首先分析文化景觀的定義與本質，提出更為嚴謹的「文化景觀」概念，藉以與廣義上能將任何受到文化影響而形成的「文化」「景觀」加以區別，透過主題、人、事、地、物與時等面向的分析，檢視是否為「文化景觀」。其次，則分析「文化景觀」概念如何與文化遺產領域磨合，討論在擴大了文化遺產保護領域的同時、伴隨出現在概念上的差異與挑戰。最後則對於具有文化遺產價值而需加以保護的文化景觀，分別從保存與管理兩種不同的方向，提出整體性的實施原則，在範圍、真實性、完整性、保存方式、變化、永續、旅遊等層面加以討論，並與傳統文化遺產領域操作上的差異加以分析。

Cultural Landscape has become a new category of cultural heritage since late 20th century. This new category also has been added in Cultural Heritage Preservation Act in Taiwan amended in 2005. However, there is still neither applicable theory for conservation and management, nor criteria for determination of cultural landscape. Conservation interventions used commonly on monumental cultural heritage in the past should be changed and revised for cultural landscape. In this research, the definitions and essence of cultural landscape was discussed. It is argued that the concept of “cultural landscape” should be different from “cultural” landscape in broad sense which may imply landscape influenced by any culture means. Six facets, theme, human, affair, land, object, and time, should be seen as the criteria for examination of “cultural landscape”. While the scope of cultural heritage has been expanded, some concepts may be adjusted due to “cultural landscape”, and some conflicts have to be mitigated. As for the cases of cultural landscape with cultural heritage values, integral conservation and management concepts, in the aspects of boundary, authenticity, integrity, conservation idea, change, sustainability, and tourism, were discussed, while the differences between ordinary cultural heritage were also analyzed.

圖目錄 iii
表目錄 v
照片目錄 vi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 3
1.2 問題意識 4
1.3 研究方法 8
1.3.1 研究假設 8
1.3.2 概念分析與理論建構 9
1.3.3 比較研究 10
1.3.4 研究限制 10
1.4 文獻回顧 11
1.5 研究架構 21
第二章 文化景觀的核心價值 23
2.1 景觀、「文化」「景觀」與「文化景觀」 25
2.2 文化景觀的本質 31
2.3 文化景觀的「主題」 38
2.4 「文化景觀」的組成─人、事、地、物、時 43
2.4.1 人 44
2.4.2 事 47
2.4.3 地 52
2.4.4 物 54
2.4.5 時 59
2.4.6 案例檢視 63
2.5文化景觀的價值 64
第三章 文化景觀做為文化遺產分類之一的契機與挑戰 71
3.1 文化景觀視為文化遺產的契機 73
3.2 文化景觀價值與文化遺產 79
3.2.1 文化景觀在世界遺產體系中的價值評估 79
3.2.2 文化景觀做為文化遺產的價值類型 85
3.2.3美學價值 89
3.2.4 社會與精神價值 92
3.2.5 歷史架構下的比較與意義 95
3.2.6 自然價值 101
3.2.7 不同價值的認知 103
3.3 文化景觀視為文化遺產的挑戰 105
3.3.1 複雜內容的混亂 105
3.3.2 「物」的困擾 110
3.4文化景觀與其他類型文化遺產 115
3.4.1 聚落與文化景觀 115
3.4.2工業遺產與文化景觀 126
3.4.3 自然環境與文化景觀 139
3.4.4 文化路徑與文化景觀 142
第四章 文化景觀的保存觀─和文化遺產領域的磨合 147
4.1 習慣於控制與管制的態度和操作 149
4.2 範圍的劃定 153
4.3 文化景觀真實性和完整性 170
4.4 保存的行動 178
4.4.1 保存策略的選擇 178
4.4.2 直接的保存 182
4.4.3 間接的保存 187
第五章 文化景觀的管理觀─「變化」概念下進化式的發展邏輯 191
5.1 管理的必要性 193
5.2 文化景觀的管理特質：「人」與「事」的管理 200
5.3 管理變化 209
5.4 變化的界限 216
5.5 永續管理與永續發展 225
5.5.1 經濟與文化 228
5.5.2 環境與文化 232
5.5.3 社會與文化 235
5.6 旅遊的管理 239
第六章 結論 251
6.1 從空間型態到文化遺產 253
6.2 文化景觀的保存與管理 255
6.3 台灣文化景觀做為文化遺產的辨析 258
6.4 後續建議 264
參考文獻 275
附錄 295
附錄一 世界遺產文化景觀案例 297
附錄二 台灣文化景觀登錄案例 303

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