臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

余光中是當代台灣和大陸最重要的詩人之一，同時也是一位傑出的譯者，出版多本詩集和翻譯作品。在他的譯作中，最具特色的就屬《守夜人》，這本中英雙語的自譯詩集，收錄余光中近五十年來的85首作品。本研究針對余光中的美學與翻譯觀點分析《守夜人》一書中的譯詩選擇和翻譯策略，並藉由詩的音樂性、創意翻譯的轉喻自由、詩作主題、意象及典故等面向，來探討詩人截然不同的聲音如何彰顯於自譯作品之中。我們運用關聯理論分析余光中的自譯作品是否達到釋意相似，其翻譯策略與技巧是否在目的語文化中能達到最佳關聯。研究結果顯示，余光中在譯文中賦予不同的押韻方式，增添原作中沒有的音樂性，此一作法可讓目的語讀者透過譯文的音樂性，找出原作的顯義和隱義，在閱讀理解時達到最佳關聯。此外，余光中跨越原文和譯文之間的不變性，其具創意性的自譯作品不受傳統詩歌翻譯形與義的限制，並且融合中英語言符碼與文化元素，流露出獨特的跨國認同。余光中雙語翻譯的詩論證實，自我翻譯能為詩歌翻譯帶來新的觀點與創作，並在當代文化交流及文化再現中呈現新視野和新意義。

As one of the most important poets in Taiwan and mainland China today, Yu Kwang-chung is also an eminent translator at the same time. He has composed many poems and published a lot of excellent translation works. Among all his translation works, The Night Watchman (2004) is the most distinctive one, which is a bilingual translation of his own 85 poems written in the last five decades. This thesis aims at a study of how Yu’s aesthetic view and literary agenda shapes his selection of the source texts and choice of translation strategies in The Night Watchman. The development of poetic voice is examined within the aspects of rhythmic proclivity, imagery and allusion, subject matter of writing, and creative translation as freedom-in-troping. Relevance Theory is also applied to find out whether his choice of translation strategy and technique is able to achieve optimal relevance in the target language culture. The findings in this study reveal that Yu puts a lot of emphasis and efforts on rhythmical proclivity by employing various kinds of rhymes to redeem the musicality of the translation. Optimal relevance is achieved by means of recognizing and interpreting the shared explicatures and implicatures. Although Yu tends to render both the original and translation invariants, his rewriting of the original defies the finitude of form and meaning imbued with poetry translation. Moreover, Yu’s self-translation also brings to realization a mixing of language codes and a unique transnational identity of literary language. He speaks, in particular, of the aesthetics of bilingualism and cultural plurality. What the poetics of Yu’s bilingual translation confirms for us is that translation, which is a strong form of expression in the context of bilingualism, takes on a new dimension and meanings in poetry translation, contemporary cultural interaction and representation.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vi

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Biography of Yu Kwang-chung 2
1.2 Yu’s Poetic styles in Different Periods 5
1.3 Yu Kwang-chung’s Translation Works 10
1.4 Criteria for Poem Selection 15
1.5 Outline of the Thesis 17

Chapter 2 Literature Review 19
2.1 Self-Translation 19
2.1.1 Self-Translator as Translator 20
2.1.2 Examples of Famous Self-Translators 21
2.2 Yu’s Aesthetic Views on Literary Translation 23
2.2.1 Yu’s Viewpoints on Translation 24
2.2.2 Yu’s Self-Translation 32
2.3 Relevance Theory 37
2.3.1 Direct and Indirect Translation 38
2.3.2 Interpretive Resemblance 40
2.3.3 Contextual Effects and Processing Effort 41

Chapter 3 Translating in Different Voices 44
3.1 Rhythmic Proclivity 44
3.2 Creative Translation as New Poem 64

Chapter 4 Constructing Transnational Identity 75
4.1 Subject Matter of Writing 75
4.2 Imagery and Allusion 80
4.3 New Vision on Self-Identity 85

Chapter 5 Conclusion 90
5.1 New Perspectives on the Practice of Poetry Translation 90
5.2 Significance of This Research 93
5.3 Limitations of This Research 93
5.4 Future Research/Perspectives 94

REFERENCES(English) 95
REFERENCES(Chinese) 97

List of Tables
Table 4.1 Categories of Subject Matter .76

REFERENCES (English)
Asaduddin, M. (2008). Lost/Found in translation: Qurratulain Hyder as self-translator. The Annual of Urdu Studies, 23, 234-248.
Baker, M. & Saldanha, G. (Eds.). (2009). Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies. (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Balcom, J. (1999). Taiwan, Taiwan: Cultural identity, translation, and the anthology. Translation Review, 57, 15-21.
Bassnett, S. & Lefevere, A. (1998). Constructing cultures: Essays on literary translation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Chi, Pang-yuan, & Wang, Der-wei (Eds.). (2000). Chinese literature in the second half of a modern century: A critical survey. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Connor, S. (2006). Samuel Beckett: Repetition, theory, and text. Colorado: The Davies Group Publishers.
Gutt, E.A. (1986). Unraveling meaning: An introduction to relevance theory. Notes on Translation, 112, 10-20.
Gutt, E.A. (1991). Translation and relevance: Cognition and context. Oxford: Blackwell.
Gutt, E. A. (2000). Issues of translation research in the inferential paradigm of communication”. In Maeve Olohan (Ed.), Intercultural faultlines (pp. 161-179). Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
Gutt, E.A. (2001). Pragmatic aspects of translations: Some relevance-theory observations. In L. Hickey (Ed.), The pragmatics of translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Leung, K.C. (1991). An interview with Yu Kwang-chung. World Literature Today: A Literary Quarterly of the University of Oklahoma, 65(3), 441-446.
Liu, Yan-fang (2006). A review study of relevance theory and translation. US-China Foreign Language, 4, 66-71.
Sengupta, M. (2009). Translation as manipulation: The power of images and images of power. In M. Baker (Ed.), Critical concepts: Translation studies (pp. 159-172). London and New York: Routledge.
Stone, I. (1934). Lust for life: A novel of Vincent van Gogh. New York: Longmans Green & Company.
Tanqueiro, H. (1998). Self-translation as an extreme case of the author-translator-dialectic. In B. Allison, D. Ensinger and M. Presas (Eds.), Investigating translation: Selected papers from the 4th International Congress on Translation (pp. 55-63). Barcelona: John Benjamins Publishing Co. B.
Wilson, D. & D. Sperber. (1986). Representation and relevance. In R. M. Kempson (Ed.), Mental Representations: The interface between language and reality (pp. 133-153). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wilson, D. (1994). Relevance and understanding. In G. Brown, K. Malkmjaer, A. Pollitt & J. Williams (Eds.), Language and understanding (pp. 35-58). Oxford: Oxford University Press.


REFERENCES (Chinese)
Chen, S. J. [陳秀貞] (1993). The research of stylistics on the poetry of Guang Jong Yu [余光中詩的語言風格研究]. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi.
Chen, X. H. [陳幸蕙] (2002). Yue du Yu Guangzhong: Shi juan [悅讀余光中:詩卷]. Taipei: Er ya Publication Co.
Chung, L. [鍾玲] (Ed.). (1998). Confronting eternity: Yu Guangzhong xiensheng qishi shouqing shiwen ji [與永恆對壘—余光中七十壽慶詩文集]. Taipei: Chiu Ko Publishing Co.
Fu, M. L. [傅孟麗] (1998). The child of dogwood: a life of Yu Kwang-chung [茱萸的孩子—余光中傳]. Taipei: Commonwealth Publishing Co.
Hemingway, E. (1958). Lao ren yu hai [老人與海] (K. C. Yu, trans.). Taipei: Chung Kwang Literature and Art Publishing Co. (Original work published 1951).
Huang, W. L. [黃維樑] (Ed.). (1979). Huo yu de feng huang : Yu Guangzhong zuopin pinglun ji [火浴的鳳凰—余光中作品評論集]. Taipei: Belles-Lettres Publisher.
Huang, W. L. [黃維樑] (Ed.). (1994). Five flying colors: Yu Guangzhong zuopin pinglun ji [璀璨的五采筆—余光中作品評論集]. Taipei: Chiu Ko Publishing Co.
Liang, S. Q. [梁實秋] (1970). The art of translation [翻譯的藝術]. Taipei: Chengzhong Publication Co.
Lo, C. [羅青] (1998). From Xu Zhimo to Yu Quangzhong [從徐志摩到余光中]. Taipei: Er ya Publication Co.
Melville, H. (1972). Lu shi ba tuo bi [錄事巴托比] (K. C. Yu, trans.). Hong Kong: Daily Global Publishing House. (Original work published 1961).
Stone, I. (1978). Van Gogh Zhuan [梵谷傳] (K. C. Yu, trans.). Taipei: Vastplain Publishing House. (Original work published 1934).
Su, Q. K. [蘇其康] (Ed.). (1999). Nestling in Style: Festschrift in honor of Professor Yu Kuang-chung [結網與詩風—余光中先生七十壽慶論文集]. Taipei: Chiu Ko Publishing Co.
Su, Q. K. [蘇其康] (Ed.). (2008). Poetry of divine blessings: Festschrift in honor of the eightieth birthday of Professor Yu Kwang-chung [詩歌天保—余光中教授八十壽慶專集]. Taipei: Chiu Ko Publishing Co.
Wilde, O. (1983). Bu ke er xi [不可兒戲] (K. C. Yu, trans.). Taipei: Vastplain Publishing House. (Original work published 1895).
Xie, J. C. [謝嘉琪] (2003). Cultural identity in Yu Kwang-chung’s poems [余光中詩中的文化認同研究]. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (1960). Translations from English poetry with notes [英詩譯註]. Taipei: Wun Sing Publication Co.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (1961). Anthology of American poetry [美國詩選]. Hong Kong: Daily Global Publishing House.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (1964). Zhang shang yu [掌上雨]. Taipei: Wun Sing Publication Co.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (1968). Anthology of modern English and American poetry [英美現代詩選]. Taipei: Student Book Co.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (1975). An anthology of contemporary Chinese literature,Taiwan:1949-1974 [中國現代文學選集]. Hong Kong: The Heritage Press.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (1977). Qing qing bian chou [青青邊愁]. Taipei: Belles-Lettres Publisher.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (1983). Anthology of modern English and American poetry [英美現代詩選]. Taipei: China Times Publishing Co.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (1996). Prefaces in order [井然有序]. Taipei: Chiu Ko Publishing Co.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (1998). The lower reaches of blue ink [藍墨水的下游]. Taipei: Chiu Ko Publishing Co.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (2002). Han ying tu hua: Liang Shiqiu fanyi jiang pingyu ji [含英吐華：梁實秋翻譯獎評語集]. Taipei: Chiu Ko Publishing Co.
Yu, K. C. [余光中] (2004). The night watchman: bilingual selection of poems [守夜人:中英對照詩集]. Taipei: Chiu Ko Publishing Co.
Zeng, X. L. [曾香綾](2004). The research of Yu Kwang-chung’s poems [余光中詩研究]. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei.