臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

夫妻性格的相似性及互補性與婚姻滿意度及親密度的關係
劉文琴
中文摘要
本研究主要以華人七大基本性格向度為主軸，探討華人性格與婚姻滿意度、婚姻不滿意度及感情親密度之間的關係。進一步並探討夫妻性格組合的相似性或互補性與婚姻適應成效的關係，以期解答何者為較理想的夫妻性格組合的疑問。本研究以北、中、南、東四區結婚七年以上之夫妻為主要施測對象，計獲得230對有效夫妻問卷。以此資料進行簡單相關、淨相關、Q相關、典型相關、變異量分析等統計分析。本研究主要發現如下：
(1)夫妻七大性格中以「誠信仁慈」最強，「勤儉恆毅」次之，「豪邁直爽」最弱。
(2)丈夫在婚姻滿意度上較妻子為高，妻子在婚姻不滿意度上較丈夫為高；整體感情親密度之比較，丈夫之感受強於妻子。華人夫妻婚姻滿意度越高，則感情親密度越強。
(3)夫妻性格以「溫順隨和」、「外向活躍」兩性格與婚姻滿意度及感情親密度最有相關性。(4)夫妻之整體組合以性格相似者為多，且性格組合的相似程度與婚姻滿意度、感情親密
度成正相關。
(5)夫妻在「樂觀自在」之性格上愈相似，則妻子之婚姻滿意度、感情親密度(感激、親近、契合之情)愈大；夫妻在「精明幹練」之性格上愈相似，則妻子之感情親密度(感激、親近、契合之情)愈大。
(6)夫妻性格以「正向相似」(同為正向性格)組合為多。夫妻在「外向活躍」上之正向相似組較其他之組具較低之婚姻不滿意度，丈夫組則具較高之感情親密度(感激、親近、契合之情)；夫妻在「樂觀自在」中，丈夫之正向相似組較其他之組具較高之婚姻滿意度及親近之情。
(7)夫妻婚前對配偶性格之預期的實現與否具有影響力，妻子「溫順隨和」之性格愈強，而丈夫之性格與其期待一致，則感情親密度(欣賞、親近之情)愈大。婚前對配偶教育程度之預期的實現與否，在婚姻關係中不具影響力。
本研究具有與國外研究相似與創新之處，相似之處如得到夫妻性格相似組合與婚姻滿意度、感情親密度具正向相關之結論。創新之處為運用關係基模之理論架構，得出華人夫妻以「正向相似」之組合為多，其中「外向活躍」與「樂觀自在」兩者之正向組合對婚姻關係尤具影響力。此外，華人七大基本性格之運用，顯示出華人性格之特色及夫妻性格組合之特色，實與西方人格特質之五因素模式及其夫妻性格組合不同。華人本土七大基本性格架構之發展，在華人性格研究中方興未艾，而性格與婚姻關係之研究亦付之闕如，實為努力之方向。

關鍵詞：華人性格、性格相似性、性格互補性、婚姻滿意度、感情親密度

Married Couples’ Personality Similarity and Complementarity and Their Relationships with Marital Satisfaction and Intimacy
Wen-Chin Liou
Abstract
The present study attempted to investigate the relationships of married couples’ personality similarity and complementarity to their marital satisfaction and intimacy. Two hundred and thirty couples from Northern Taiwan, all married for more than seven years , were separately administered a multiple part questionnaire for the assessment of Chinese personality dimensions, marital satisfaction, dissatisfaction, and intimacy. The obtained data were ststistically analyzed by using such methods as simple correlation, partial correlation, Q correlation, canonical correlation, and analysis of variance. The major findings were as follows:
(1) Among the seven Chinese personality dimensions, the highest two were Agreeableness vs. Disagreeableness and Industriousness vs. Unindustriousness, and the lowest one was Large-Mindedness vs. Small-Mindedness.
(2) Husbands’ marital satisfaction was higher than that of wives, wives’ marital dissatisfaction was higher than that of husbands, and husbands’ overall feeling of intimacy was stronger than that of wives.
(3) Among the seven personality dimensions, scores on Agreeableness vs. Disagreeableness, and Extraversion vs. Introversion were positively correlated with those on marital satisfaction and intimacy among both husbands and wives .
(4) Marital couples tended to have a similar, rather than complementary, personality combination or pattern. The more similar the combination, the higher the couple’s feelings of marital satisfaction and intimacy.
(5) The couple’s similarity on the personality dimension of Optimism vs. Pessimism was positively correlated with the wife’s marital satisfaction and intimacy, and their similarity on the dimension of Competence vs. Impotence was positively correlated the wife’s marital intimacy .
(6) The couples with a positive similarity on the personality dimension of Extraversion vs. Introversion ( both husband and wife on the positive side of the bipolar dimension) tended to be lower in marital dissatidfaction and higher in marital intimacy in comparison with other couples. The couples with a positive similarity on the dimension of Optimism vs. Pessimism the husband tended to be higher in marital satisfaction and intimacy in comparison with other couples.


Keyword: Chinese personality, personality similarity, personality complementarity, marital satisfaction, marital intimacy.

目錄
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………………….1
第一節 研究的意義……………………………………………………………..1
第二節 研究的目的……………………………………………………………..3
第二章 基本性格向度……………………………………………………………………..6
第一節 西方人的基本性格向度………………………………………………..6
第二節 華人的基本性格向度…………………………………………………..8
第三章 婚姻滿意度與不滿意度…………………………………………………………12
第一節 婚姻滿意度及其影響因素……………………………………………13
第二節 婚姻不滿意度及其影響因素…………………………………………15
第三節 性格與婚姻滿意度及不滿意度的關係………………………………17
第四章 婚姻親密關係……………………………………………………………………25
第一節 西方人的婚姻親密關係………………………………………………25
第二節 華人的婚姻親密關係…………………………………………………26
第三節 性格與婚姻感情親密度的關係………………………………………28
第五章 研究問題與研究方法……………………………………………………………30
第一節 研究問題………………………………………………………………30
第二節 研究方法………………………………………………………………50
一．研究樣本…………………………………………………………50
二．測量工具…………………………………………………………53
三．研究程序…………………………………………………………55
四．資料分析…………………………………………………………56
第六章 研究結果與討論………………………………………………………………..61
第一節 夫妻各自之七種基本性格向度………………………………………..62
第二節 婚姻滿意度、不滿意度、與婚姻感情親密度…………………………69
第三節 夫妻各自之每種基本性格的強弱對其各自之婚姻滿意度、不滿意度與婚姻感情親密度的影響………………………………………………..80
第四節 夫妻各自之優勢性格對各自之婚姻滿意度、不滿意度、及婚姻感情親密度的關係……………………………………………………………..87
第五節 夫妻整體之性格組合模式與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度、及婚姻親密情感的關係…………………………………………………………………104
第六節 夫妻單項性格組成模式與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度、及婚姻感情親密度
的關係…………………………………………………………………112
第七節 夫妻性格相似性指標(Q相關)與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度、及婚姻感情親密度的關係………………………………………………………………………128
第八節 夫妻性格、性格組合及所期望之配偶性格(教育程度)的實現與否，與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度、及婚姻感情親密度的關係…………………132
第七章 綜合討論與建議………………………………………………………………..149
第一節 研究主要發現與討論…………………………………………………149
第二節 研究討論與相關建議…………………………………………………154
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………..158
附錄1 夫妻七大性格差距與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度簡單相關………167
附錄2 華人基本性格向度自評量表……………………………………………………168
附錄2-1 華人七大基本性格向度量表各性格形容詞…………………………………..171
附錄3 婚姻滿意度量尺與不滿意度量尺………………………………………………175
附錄4 婚姻親密情感量表………………………………………………………………177
附錄4-1 婚姻親密情感量表各內涵題目………………………………………………..179
附錄5 婚前期望配偶性格及配偶教育程度問卷………………………………………181
附錄6 個人背景變項問卷………………………………………………………………182


圖表目錄
圖1 本研究之概念架構…………………………………………………………………31
圖2 所有夫妻樣本中，丈夫(n=235)與妻子(n=242)在基本性格向度上之單題平均得分……………………………………………………………………………………63
圖3 所有夫妻樣本之婚姻滿意度與婚姻不滿意度之平均得分……………………….70
圖4 所有夫妻樣本之感情親密度四變項之平均得分………………………………….71
圖5 婚姻滿意度、婚姻不滿意度與婚姻感情親密度四內涵之典型相關分析徑路….76
圖6 妻子「溫順隨和」與「婚前期望配偶性格實現與否」組型對「欣賞之情」之互涉性影響…………………………………………………………………………..144
圖7 妻子「溫順隨和」程度與「婚前期望配偶性格實現與否」組型對「親近之情」之互涉性影響………………………………………………………………………145

表1 婚前之性格組合(教育程度)期望與婚後之性格組合(教育程度)實況的配合類型43
表2 樣本組成……………………………………………………………………………..52
表3 夫妻性格相似與互補之可能組合模式……………………………………………..58
表4 所有夫妻樣本在各基本性格向度單題得分平均數、標準差及變異數分析結果..64
表5 配對夫妻樣本在各基本性格向度單題得分平均數、標準差及變異數分析結果…64
表6 華人所有夫妻樣本在各基本性格向度得分平均數的差異…………………..……65
表7 華人夫妻配對樣本在各基本性格向度得分平均數的差異………………………..65
表8 夫妻各自之七種性格向度間的Pearson 簡單相關係數…………………………..66
表9 所有夫妻樣本在婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度上之平均數的差異……..71
表10 夫妻配對樣本在婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度上之平均數的差異……..71
表11 所有夫妻樣本在感情親密度四變項之平均數、標準差及變異數分析結果……..72
表12 配對夫妻樣本在感情親密度四變項之平均數、標準差及變異數分析結果…….72
表13 夫妻配對樣本之婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度四變項間的Pearson簡單相關係數…………………………………………………………………………..74
表14 婚姻滿意度、不滿意度二者與婚姻感情親密度四變項之典型相關分析………75
表15 夫妻配對樣本之婚姻滿意度與感情親密度四變項之淨相關……………………77
表16 夫妻配對樣本之婚姻不滿意度與感情親密度四變項間之淨相關………………77
表17 夫妻配對樣本感情親密度四個變項間之淨相關…………………………………78
表18 夫妻七大基本性格向度與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之簡單相關係數…………………………………………………………………………………..82
表19 夫妻感情親密度四變項與婚姻滿意度、不滿意之簡單相關係數………………82
表20 夫妻七大性格之優勢性格(得分最高)分佈情形( n=460人)…………………….. 89
表21 丈夫組各優勢性格與其婚姻滿意度、婚姻不滿意度及感情親密四變項之平均數、標準差、變異數分析結果……………………………………………………90
表22 妻子組各優勢性格與其婚姻滿意度、婚姻不滿意度及感情親密四變項之平均數、標準差、變異數分析結果……………………………………………………91
表23 夫妻各優勢性格於婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之變異量分析………92
表24 夫妻之「精明幹練」-優勢性格與非優勢性格於婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之t考驗………………………………………………………………………93
表25 夫妻之「勤儉恆毅」-優勢性格與非優勢性格於婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之t考驗………………………………………………………………………94
表26 夫妻之「溫順隨和」-優勢性格與非優勢性格於婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之t考驗………………………………………………………………………94
表27 夫妻之「誠信仁慈」-優勢性格與非優勢性格於婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之t考驗………………………………………………………………………95
表28 夫妻之「外向活躍」-優勢性格與非優勢性格於婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之t考驗……………………………………………………………………….95
表29 夫妻之「樂觀自在」-優勢性格與非優勢性格於婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之t考驗……………………………………………………………………….96
表30 夫妻二組性格並列之優勢性格與非優勢性格於婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之t考驗……………………………………………………………………….96
表31 夫妻配對於「精明幹練」性格向度中性別與優勢與否之平均數、標準差及互涉效果之F值…………………………………………………………………………97
表32 夫妻配對於「勤儉恆毅」性格向度中性別與優勢與否之平均數、標準差及互涉效果之F值…………………………………………………………………………98
表33 夫妻配對於「溫順隨和」性格向度中性別與優勢與否之平均數、標準差及互涉效果之F值…………………………………………………………………………98
表34 夫妻配對於「誠信仁慈」性格向度中性別與優勢與否之平均數、標準差及互涉效果之F值…………………………………………………………………………99
表35 夫妻配對於「外向活躍」性格向度中性別與優勢與否之平均數、標準差及互涉效果之F值…………………………………………………………………………99
表36 夫妻配對於「樂觀自在」性格向度中性別與優勢與否之平均數、標準差及互涉效果之F值………………………………………………………………………..100
表37 夫妻配對於「二組性格並列」中性別與優勢與否之平均數、標準差及互涉效果之F值……………………………………………………………………………..100
表38 夫妻配對樣本之性格組合模式在婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差(n=230對) ………………………………………………………………107
表39 夫妻配對樣本之整體性格組合模式與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之簡單相關，性格模式6(n=54對) 、性格模式7(n=151對)……………………… 108
表40 夫妻配對樣本之組合模式與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之變異數分析性格模式5(n=19對)、性格模式6(n=54對)、性格模式7(n=151對)……….. 109
表41 夫妻配對樣本在於七大基本性格z分數得分差距與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度簡單相關………………………………………………………………..114
表42 夫妻配對樣本在「精明幹練：愚鈍懦弱」性格向度上與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差(n=230對)…………………………………… 116
表43 夫妻配對樣本在「勤儉恆毅：懶惰放縱」性格向度上與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差(n=230對)…………………………………… 117
表44 夫妻配對樣本在「溫順隨和：暴躁倔強」性格向度上與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差(n=230對)…………………………………… 117
表45 夫妻配對樣本在「誠信仁慈：狡詐殘酷」性格向度上與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差(n=230對)…………………………………… 118
表46 夫妻配對樣本在「外向活躍：內向沈靜」性格向度上與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差(n=230對)…………………………………… 118
表47 夫妻配對樣本在「豪邁直爽：計較多疑」性格向度上與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差(n=230對)…………………………………… 119
表48 夫妻配對樣本在「樂觀自在：悲觀善感」性格向度上與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差(n=230對)……………………………………119
表49 夫妻七大性格正向相似組合得分差距與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度簡單相關……………………………………………………………………………..121
表50 三種性格向度(外向活躍、豪邁直爽、樂觀自在)之不同性格組成模式與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之變異量分析……………………………………..123
表51 夫妻整體性格相似性指標及七項單一性格向度相似性指標間之簡單相關係數( z分數)……………………………………………………………………………… 129
表52 夫妻七項性格向度(z分數)與整體性格相似指標與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之簡單相關係數…………………………………………………………..130
表53 夫妻婚前期望配偶性格實現與否之組型在婚姻滿意度、婚姻不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差( n=230對，夫230人，妻230人)………………….. 134
表54 夫妻婚前期望配偶之教育程度實現與否之組型在婚姻滿意度、婚姻不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差( n=230對，夫230人，妻230人)…………… 135
表55 夫妻性格組合模式、實現性格組型與婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度變異量分析……………………………………………………………………………..137
表56 夫妻配對樣本之夫與妻於「精明幹練：愚鈍懦弱」性格向度上低度組、中分組、高分組在婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度上之平均值與標準差( n=230對)………………………………………………………………………………… 138
表57 夫妻配對樣本之夫與妻於「勤儉恆毅：懶惰放縱」性格向度上低度組、中度組、高分組在婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差( n=230對)………………………………………………………………………………… 139
表58 夫妻配對樣本之夫與妻於「溫順隨和：暴躁倔強」性格向度上低度組、中度組、高分組在婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差( n=230對)………………………………………………………………………………… 139
表59 夫妻配對樣本之夫與妻於「誠信仁慈：狡詐卑鄙」性格向度上低度組、中度組、高分組在婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差( n=230對)………………………………………………………………………………… 140
表60 夫妻配對樣本之夫與妻於「外向活躍：內向沈靜」性格向度上低度組、中度組、高分組在婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差( n=230對)………………………………………………………………………………… 140
表61 夫妻配對樣本之夫與妻於「豪邁直爽：計較多疑」性格向度上低度組、中度組、高分組在婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差( n=230對)………………………………………………………………………………… 141
表62 夫妻配對樣本之夫與妻於「樂觀自在：悲觀善感」性格向度上低度組、中度組、高分組在婚姻滿意度、不滿意度及感情親密度之平均值與標準差( n=230對)………………………………………………………………………………… 141
表63 「溫順隨和」程度與「婚前期望配偶性格實現與否」組型與婚姻滿意度、婚姻不滿意度及感情親密度之變異量分析…………………………………………..143
表64 妻子「溫順隨和」程度與「婚前期望配偶性格實現與否」組型在「欣賞之情」之互涉性影響…………………………………………………………………….144
表65 妻子「溫順隨和」程度與「婚前期望配偶性格實現與否」組型對「親近之情」之互涉性影響……………………………………………………………………..145

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