臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究於100年7月至102年6月進行桃園地區不同季節大氣中細懸浮微粒採樣，將採集之樣品進行金屬元素與水溶性離子分析，並應用正矩陣因子分析與污染源的相關性，最後以化學質量平衡法做來源貢獻分析，推估各種污染源對受體點貢獻量。研究結果顯示，桃園地區於冬季與春季期間測得之細懸浮微粒質量濃度高於夏季與秋季。在化學組成方面，大氣微粒中之金屬元素以Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg與Na所含濃度最高。水溶性離子佔細微粒比例多寡最高為SO42-，其次為NH4+，而後為NO3-。在應用正矩陣因子法分析進行大氣各測點採樣分析結果顯示污染源共分為5個因子，因子1至因子5分別之污染源定義為地殼物質、焚化燃燒、海鹽飛沫、交通排放、街道揚塵及二次氣膠。應用化學質量平衡法模式解析桃園地區季節性PM2.5貢獻污染源，該地區PM2.5貢獻污染源以硫酸鹽貢獻量為最大，其次為機動車輛，而後為街道揚塵。

In this study, atmospheric fine particulates were collected in Taoyuan area for different seasons from July, 2012 to June, 2013. The collected filter samples were analyzed for metals and water-soluble ions. Positive matrix factorization analysis and chemical mass balance model are applied for source contribution estimates. The results show that the level of fine particulate is higher in winter and spring than summer and autumn periods. For metal elements, the concentrations of Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na are much higher than other metals. For water-soluable ions, SO42-, has highest concentration, followed by NH4+ and NO3-. The results of the positive matrix factorization analysis show that there are five factors. The five factors are idenfified as crust, incineration, sea salt spray, transport emissions, street dust and secondary aerosol. The results of chemical mass balance method show that the contributors of PM2.5 are sulfate, followed by motor vehicles and street dust.

總目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
總目錄 III
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究內容與目標 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 懸浮微粒 3
2-1-1 懸浮微粒之定義 3
2-1-2 懸浮微粒對人體的危害 3
2-1-3 懸浮微粒之來源 6
2-2 懸浮微粒之季節性質量濃度變化 7
2-3 大氣懸浮微物化特性 9
2-3-1 微粒中水溶性離子成份來源與特性 9
2-3-2 微粒中金屬成份來源與特性 14
2-4 化學質量平衡法CMB (Chemical Mass Balance) 18
2-4-1 受體模式CMB緣起 18
2-4-2 國內外CMB之應用 19
2-5 正矩陣因子法(PMF, Positive Matrix Factorization) 22
2-5-1 受體模式PMF緣起 22
2-5-2 國內外PMF之應用 26
第三章 實驗設備與方法 29
3-1 懸浮微粒採樣 29
3-1-1 採樣規劃 29
3-1-1-1 採樣位置之選定 31
3-1-1-2採樣時間 32
3-1-2 採樣設備儀器原理 34
3-1-3 質量濃度計算方式 37
3-1-4 採樣濾紙與前處理 37
3-2 成份分析方法 38
3-2-1 水溶性離子分析 39
3-2-2 金屬元素分析 42
3-3 化學質量平衡法 45
3-3-1 CMB之理論 45
3-3-2 CMB模式之步驟與基本條件 47
3-3-3 CMB模式之驗證 47
3-3-4 CMB適用性級別 49
3-3-5 CMB 模式之操作 50
3-4 正矩陣因子法 51
3-4-1 PMF建置有效的濃度資料 51
3-4-2 PMF模試結果的說明 56
第四章 結果與討論 59
4-1 PM2.5質量濃度與化學組成季節性分析 59
4-1-1 高量採樣器採樣之PM2.5質量濃度季節性變化 59
4-1-2 BGI PQ200採樣器採樣之PM2.5質量濃度季節性變化 61
4-2 PM2.5水溶性離子季節性分析 63
4-2-1 高量採樣器採樣之水溶性離子季節性變化 63
4-2-2 BGI PQ200採樣器採樣之水溶性離子季節性變化 66
4-3 PM2.5金屬元素季節性分析 76
4-3-1 高量採樣器採樣之金屬元素季節性變化 76
4-3-2 BGI PQ200採樣器採樣之金屬元素季節性變化 79
4-4 化學質量平衡法推估結果 83
4-4-1 高量採樣器採樣之化學質量平衡法推估結果 83
4-4-1 BGI PQ200之化學質量平衡法推估結果 94
4-5 正矩陣因子法推估結果 106
第五章 結論與建議 111
5-1 結論 111
5-2 建議 112
參考文獻 113

 
表目錄
表3-1 本研究採樣點資訊 30
表3-2 採樣時程規劃 33
表4-1 國內外大氣中PM2.5所含離子濃度 75
表4-2 100年第一季各採樣點受體模式分析結果 90
表4-3 100年第二季各採樣點受體模式分析結果 91
表4-4 100年第三季各採樣點受體模式分析結果 92
表4-5 100年第四季各採樣點受體模式分析結果 93
表4-6 101年第一季各採樣點受體模式分析結果 102
表4-7 101年第二季各採樣點受體模式分析結果 103
表4-8 101年第三季各採樣點受體模式分析結果 104
表4-9 101年第四季各採樣點受體模式分析結果 105
表4-10 各因子之污染濃度百分比 109
 
圖目錄
圖2-2 大氣對流層相關化學反應 12
圖3-1 採樣位置圖 31
圖3-2 TE-6070D高量採樣器機身 35
圖3-3 PM10衝擊式採樣頭 35
圖3-4 分粒 (2.5-10與2.5 mm) 衝擊板 36
圖3-5 PM2.5濾紙底板 36
圖3-6 BGI PQ200-FRM採樣器採樣器 36
圖3-7 水溶性離子分析流程 41
圖3-8 感應耦合電漿光學放射光譜儀 43
圖3-9 金屬元素分析流程 44
圖3-10 CMB 8.2模式操作步驟 50
圖4-1 100年各採樣點之PM2.5濃度 61
圖4-2 101年各採樣點之PM2.5濃度 63
圖4-3 100年第一季各採樣點離子濃度 64
圖4-4 100年第二季各採樣點離子濃度 65
圖4-5 100年第三季各採樣點離子濃度 65
圖4-6 100年第四季各採樣點離子濃度 66
圖4-7 101年第一季各採樣點離子濃度 68
圖4-8 101年第二季各採樣點離子濃度 69
圖4-9 101年第三季各採樣點離子濃度 69
圖4-10 101年第四季各採樣點離子濃度 70
圖4-11 101年第一季離子當量濃度A/C比值 71
圖4-12 101年第二季離子當量濃度A/C比值 71
圖4- 13 101年第三季離子當量濃度A/C比值 72
圖4-14 101年第四季離子當量濃度A/C比值 72
圖4-15 100年第一季各採樣點金屬濃度 77
圖4-16 100年第二季各採樣點金屬濃度 77
圖4-17 100年第三季各採樣點金屬濃度 78
圖4-18 100年第四季各採樣點金屬濃度 78
圖4-19 101年第一季各採樣點金屬濃度 80
圖4-20 101年第二季各採樣點金屬濃度 81
圖4-21 101年第三季各採樣點金屬濃度 81
圖4-22 101年第四季各採樣點金屬濃度 82
圖4-23 污染源貢獻量比例 110

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