臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

與上肢工作相關之肌肉骨骼傷害(Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, WRMSDs)為工業上最常見的傷病，人們最常使用手套來保護雙手，但若握力被削弱反而會增加工業場所中受傷的風險。
本研究評估手套箱手套對於進行最大握力(100%MVC)及次大握力(25%及50%MVC)MVC時肌力(EMG)之影響以及最大握力時不舒適程度之影響。選用三種市面上可買到的手套箱手套，包括丁基合成橡膠手套、氯磺化聚乙烯手套、和氯丁橡膠手套(各二種厚度：0.015"和0.03")來進行評估，使用帶有換能器之握力計搭配生理訊號紀錄系統紀錄握力及前臂4條肌群(屈指淺肌、橈側屈腕肌、橈側伸腕肌和伸指肌)之肌肉活動訊號，本研究之自變項共有手套材質、穿戴層數、手套厚度及施力水準徒手狀態之MVC及徒手MVC之25%和50%，總計171次試驗(手套:3*3*2*3=54, 徒手:3)，每次試驗間至少休息2分鐘。每種手套狀況之最大握力結束後之休息時間，使用十點自覺負荷量表(Borg CR-10 scale) 評估施力與不舒適之程度。
研究結果顯示，選擇穿戴單層Butyl材質而厚度0.015”之手套對最大握力及肌力之影響最小，而穿戴0.03”之Hypalon與Neoprene手套所削弱之最大握力最多，且不舒適程度最高。因此，若於手套箱手套工作環境時，本研究建議穿戴厚度0.015”之Butyl手套以避免進行最大握力及次大握力時之人因工程相關災害。

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) of upper extremities are among the most prevalent lost-time injuries and illnesses in almost every industry. Gloves are the most used protective device for human hand in many industrial tasks to protect the hand from injury. However, wearing gloves may reduced hand strength and contribute to increased risk of injuries or disorders.
This study evaluated the effects of glovebox glove, layer, and thickness on maximum voluntary contraction grip strength and forearm muscle activity for gripping exertion with maximal and sub-maximal efforts. Butyl, hypalon, and neoprene gloves in 0.015” and 0.03” thicknesses were selected for evaluation. Grip strength were measured for each subject using a Jamar hand dynamometer with transducer. The BIOPAC MP150 EMG System which includes amplifier & A/D converter and data acquisition software installed in a laptop will be used to collect and process the surface EMG signals. The surface EMG signals were acquired from the following forearm muscles of dominant arm: (1) flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), (2) flexor carpi radialis (FCR), (3) extensor carpi radialis longus (ECR), and (4) extensor digitorum (ED) of the subjects’ arm involved with gripping tasks. The exertion and discomfort level were evaluated by Borg CR-10 scale after gripping. The independent variables with their respective levels tested in this experiment are glove material (Butyl, Hypalon, and Neoprene), layers (Single, Double, and Triple), thickness (0.015” and 0.03”), and exertion level (MVC, and 25%, 50% of the bare hand MVC grip strength). There are 57 treatment conditions (gloved hand: 3*3*2*3=54; bare hand: 3 levels of exertion) with two replicates of grip exertion to be performed for each treatment. In total, 171 trials will be administered to each subject in this experiment.
The results showed that effects on maximum grip and muscle activity of 0.015 inch butyl glove in single gloving setting was the least. The 0.03 inch Hypalon and Neoprene glove reduced the maximum grip strength most, and made subjects feel the most uncomfortable. Based on the results, this study recommends 0.015 inch butyl glove in single gloving setting to provide the desired hand protection against ergonomics-related disorders in the glovebox environment involving gripping with maximal and submaximal efforts.

目　錄
誌　謝 1
摘　要 2
Abstract 3
目　錄 5
圖目錄 7
表目錄 10
1.1 研究背景與動機 11
1.2 研究目的 13
1.3 研究架構 14
第二章 文獻探討 16
2.1握力量測及預測 16
2.1.1 握力的量測 16
2.1.2 人體計測與握力之關係 17
2.2 手套及手套對握力影響 17
2.2.1 手套箱手套 17
2.2.2 手套對於握力之影響 18
2.2.3 手套穿戴層數對手功能之影響 19
2.3肌肉活動量測 20
2.4握力與肌力之關係 20
2.5主觀知覺不舒適度評量 21
第三章 研究方法 23
3.1 受試者 23
3.2 實驗設備 23
3.2.1 實驗用手套及穿戴層數 23
3.2.2 握力計 26
3.2.3 生理訊號紀錄系統 26
3.2.4 主觀知覺評量(Rating of Perceived Exertion, RPE) 28
3.3 實驗因子 28
3.3.1 自變項 28
3.4 實驗步驟 30
3.5 資料處理與分析 33
第四章 結果 36
4.1 不同手套對最大握力之影響 36
4.2 不同作業下前臂肌群之肌電訊號活動反應 40
4.3 主觀知覺評量 62
4.3.1 手套穿戴層數、材質與厚度對不舒適度之影響 63
4.3.2手套穿戴層數、材質與厚度對主觀知覺施力程度之影響 64
第五章 討論 66
5.1不同手套、穿戴層數、材質及厚度對於最大握力之影響 66
5.1.1手套穿戴層數對於最大握力之影響 66
5.1.2手套材質特性對於最大握力之影響 66
5.1.3手套厚度對於手部作用力之影響 66
5.2手套穿戴層數、材質及厚度對於肌肉活動之影響 67
5.2.1手套穿戴層數對於肌肉活動之影響 67
5.2.2手套材質對於肌力之影響 68
5.2.3手套厚度對於肌力之影響 69
5.3不同手套狀況及施力程度下對前臂總肌力之影響 70
5.3.1 手套穿戴層數對前臂總肌力與輸出效率之影響 73
5.3.2手套材質對前臂總肌力與輸出效率之影響 77
5.3.3手套厚度對於前臂總肌力與輸出效率之影響 80
5.4 受測者主觀知覺評量 83
5.4.1 主觀知覺施力評量 83
5.4.2 主觀知覺不舒適度評量 83
第六章 結論與建議 84
6.1 結論 84
6.2 建議 85
附錄一 受測者須知及實驗同意書 93
附錄二 受測者人體計測資料 94
附錄三 受試者18種手套狀況下MVC握力相對於徒手之百分比 96

圖目錄
圖1. 1研究架構圖 15
圖2. 1手套箱 18
圖3. 1手套箱手套材質由左至右依序為BUTYL, HYPALON, NEOPRENE 24
圖3. 2棉手套(左)與天然橡膠手套(右) 25
圖3. 3珈瑪握力計 26
圖3. 4握力實驗設備架構圖 27
圖3. 5 BIOPAC生理訊號紀錄系統 27
圖3. 6肌群量測位置圖 28
圖3. 7身高體重計(NAGATA CK-M-84) 31
圖3. 8數位游標卡尺(JINGSTONE METROLOGY® DIGITAL CALIPER WITHIN 300MM) 31
圖3. 9 OKUNRIBIDO(2000) 18個手部計測量測位置圖：(A)手、手指與指節長度；(B)手、手指與指節寬度；(C)手、手指與指節厚度。 32
圖3. 10碼表(CASIO HS-20 STOPWATCH) 33
圖3. 11實驗姿勢 33
圖3. 12 ACQKNOWLEDGE 3.9.1軟體 34
圖4. 1 徒手與6種手套之最大握力 37
圖4. 2三種手套層數之最大握力 39
圖4. 3三種手套材質之最大握力 39
圖4. 4兩種厚度之最大握力 39
圖4. 5 屈指淺肌於三種施力水準下之肌肉活動 40
圖4. 6橈側屈腕肌於三種施力水準下之肌肉活動 41
圖4. 7 橈側伸腕肌於三種施力水準下之肌肉活動 41
圖4. 8 伸指肌於三種施力水準下之肌肉活動 41
圖4. 9三種手套層數下施行25%MVC握力屈指淺肌之EMG 44
圖4. 10三種手套層數下施行25%MVC握力橈側屈腕肌之EMG 45
圖4. 11三種手套層數下施行25%MVC握力橈側伸腕肌之EMG 45
圖4. 12三種手套層數下施行25%MVC握力伸指肌之EMG 45
圖4. 13三種手套層數下施行50%MVC握力屈指淺肌之EMG 46
圖4. 14三種手套層數下施行50%MVC握力橈側屈腕肌之EMG 47
圖4. 15三種手套層數下施行50%MVC握力橈側伸腕肌之EMG 47
圖4. 16三種手套層數下施行50%MVC握力伸指肌之EMG 47
圖4. 17三種手套層數下施行100%MVC握力屈指淺肌之EMG 48
圖4. 18三種手套層數下施行100%MVC握力橈側屈腕肌之EMG 49
圖4. 19三種手套層數下施行100%MVC握力橈側伸腕肌之EMG 49
圖4. 20三種手套層數下施行100%MVC握力伸指肌之EMG 49
圖4. 21三種材質下施行25%MVC握力屈指淺肌之EMG 51
圖4. 22三種材質下施行25%MVC握力橈側屈腕肌之EMG 51
圖4. 23三種材質下施行25%MVC握力橈側伸腕肌之EMG 52
圖4. 24三種材質下施行25%MVC握力伸指肌之EMG 52
圖4. 25三種材質下施行50%MVC握力屈指淺肌之EMG 53
圖4. 26三種材質下施行50%MVC握力橈側屈腕肌之EMG 53
圖4. 27三種材質下施行50%MVC握力橈側伸腕肌之EMG 54
圖4. 28三種材質下施行50%MVC握力伸指肌之EMG 54
圖4. 29三種材質下施行100%MVC握力屈指淺肌之EMG 55
圖4. 30三種材質下施行100%MVC握力橈側屈腕肌之EMG 55
圖4. 31三種材質下施行100%MVC握力橈側伸腕肌之EMG 56
圖4. 32三種材質下施行100%MVC握力伸指肌之EMG 56
圖4. 33兩種厚度下施行25%MVC握力屈指淺肌之EMG 57
圖4. 34兩種厚度下施行25%MVC握力橈側屈腕肌之EMG 58
圖4. 35兩種厚度下施行25%MVC握力橈側伸腕肌之EMG 58
圖4. 36兩種厚度下施行25%MVC握力伸指肌之EMG 58
圖4. 37兩種厚度下施行50%MVC握力屈指淺肌之EMG 59
圖4. 38兩種厚度下施行50%MVC握力橈側屈腕肌之EMG 59
圖4. 39兩種厚度下施行50%MVC握力橈側伸腕肌之EMG 60
圖4. 40兩種厚度下施行50%MVC握力伸指肌之EMG 60
圖4. 41兩種厚度下施行100%MVC握力屈指淺肌之EMG 61
圖4. 42兩種厚度下施行100%MVC握力橈側屈腕肌之EMG 61
圖4. 43兩種厚度下施行100%MVC握力橈側伸腕肌之EMG 61
圖4. 44兩種厚度下施行100%MVC握力伸指肌之EMG 62
圖4. 45受試者於18種手套狀況下之主觀知覺評量 62
圖5. 1三種穿戴層數下施行25%MVC握力之前臂總肌力 74
圖5. 2三種穿戴層數下施行25%MVC握力之輸出效率 74
圖5. 3三種穿戴層數下施行50%MVC握力之前臂總肌力 75
圖5. 4三種穿戴層數下施行50%MVC握力之輸出效率 75
圖5. 5三種穿戴層數下施行100%MVC握力之前臂總肌力 76
圖5. 6三種穿戴層數下施行100%MVC握力之輸出效率 76
圖5. 7三種手套材質下施行25%MVC握力之前臂總肌力 77
圖5. 8三種手套材質下施行25%MVC握力之輸出效率 78
圖5. 9三種手套材質下施行50%MVC握力之前臂總肌力 78
圖5. 10三種手套材質下施行50%MVC握力之輸出效率 79
圖5. 11三種手套材質下施行100%MVC握力之前臂總肌力 79
圖5. 12三種手套材質下施行100%MVC握力之輸出效率 80
圖5. 13施行25%MVC握力時兩種厚度手套之前臂總肌力 81
圖5. 14施行50%MVC握力時兩種厚度手套之前臂總肌力 81
圖5. 15施行25%MVC握力時兩種厚度手套之肌力輸出效率 81
圖5. 16施行50%MVC握力時兩種厚度手套之肌力輸出效率 82
圖5. 17施行100%MVC握力時兩種厚度手套之前臂總肌力 82
圖5. 18施行100%MVC握力時兩種厚度手套之肌力輸出效率 82

表目錄
表2. 1主觀知覺負荷評量表(BORG, 1982) 22
表3. 2手套箱手套材質之可橈性與表面靜摩擦係數 25
表3. 3各項握力試驗之代稱 29
表3. 4 OKUNRIBIDO(2000) 18個手部計測 33
表4. 1徒手及6種手套下最大握力之統計量 36
表4. 2徒手及6種手套下最大握力之變異數分析結果 37
表4. 3 徒手與6種手套下最大握力之BONFERRONI比較 37
表4. 4各種手套狀況下MVC握力之變異數分析 38
表4. 5 BONFERRONI成對比較影響MVC握力之因子 38
表4. 6屈指淺肌在不同作業與手套狀況下之變異數分析表 42
表4. 7橈側屈腕肌在不同作業與手套狀況下之變異數分析表 42
表4. 8橈側伸腕長肌在不同作業與手套狀況下之變異數分析表 43
表4. 9伸指肌在不同作業與手套狀況下之變異數分析表 43
表4. 10三種施力水準下手套層數因子內之BONFERRONI成對比較 44
表4. 11三種施力水準下手套材質因子內之BONFERRONI成對比較 50
表4. 12三種施力水準下手套厚度因子之BONFERRONI成對比較 57
表4. 13主觀知覺評量之平均數與標準差 63
表4. 14主觀知覺舒適度評量之變異數分析 64
表4. 15主觀知覺舒適度因子內之成對比較 64
表4. 16受試者主觀知覺施力程度評量之變異數分析 65
表5. 4前臂肌群合力在不同作業與手套狀況下之變異數分析表 71
表5. 5前臂施力輸出效率在不同作業與手套狀況下之變異數分析表 72
表5. 6前臂肌群合力於三種施力水準中手套層數、材質及厚度因子內之成對比較分析結果 72
表5. 7前臂輸出效率於三種施力水準中手套層數、材質及厚度因子內之成對比較分析結果 73

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