臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章緒論 1
第二章背景說明 3
2.1 骨頭重塑作用 3
2.2 骨質疏鬆症老鼠動物模式建立 5
2.3 海洋深層水的應用 6
2.4 鎂 6
2.5 鉀 8
2.6 鈉 9
2.7 細胞活性 9
2.8 血清ALP 10
2.9骨小樑及骨頭體積含量測定 11
2.10 骨質密度測定 11
第三章材料與方法 12
3.1 實驗材料 12
3.1.1 藥品與試劑： 12
3.1.2 主要儀器： 13
3.1.3細胞株與動物： 13
3.2 實驗方法 14
3.2.1 骨質疏鬆症動物模式之建立 14
3.2.1.1 實驗動物 14
3.2.1.2 雌鼠結紮手術（Ovariectomy） 14
3.2.2 體外試驗 15
3.2.2.1 細胞培養 15
3.2.2.2細胞活性分析（MTT assay） 15
3.2.3 功能性評估（Function index） 16
3.2.3.1 骨礦物質密度測定（Bone mineral density, BMD） 16
3.2.3.2電腦斷層(Micro-CT) 掃描測定 16
3.2.3.3 組織切片染色 17
3.2.3.4 骨髓細胞（bone marrow stromal cells）之分離 17
3.2.3.5 基因檢測 17
3.2.3.6硬骨、軟骨與脂肪誘導分化染色 19
3.3 實驗設計 20
3.4 實驗架構 21
3.5實驗流程圖 21
第四章結果 22
4.1 海洋深層水濃縮液礦物質成分含量 22
4.2不同硬度海洋深層水處理對MC3T3細胞增生能力影響的結果 22
4.3 SAMP8老鼠之海洋深層水及飼料攝取量化圖 22
4.4 海洋深層水對SAMP8老鼠體重變化之影響 23
4.5海洋深層水對血清ALP、Ca及Mg濃度的影響 23
4.6骨鬆老鼠之骨新生作用 24
4.7 SAMP8老鼠不同部位之BMD變化 25
4.8 海洋深層水調控骨鬆老鼠骨環境之骨新生作用 25
4.9海洋深層水調控骨鬆老鼠骨環境之細胞生長速率 25
4.10海洋深層水調控骨鬆老鼠骨環境之細胞群落形成能力 26
4.11海洋深層水調控骨鬆老鼠骨環境之骨分化、軟骨分化及脂肪分化 26
第六章結論 31
第七章參考文獻 42

1Adachi, J. D. et al. The association between osteoporotic fractures and health-related quality of life as measured by the Health Utilities Index in the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA14, 895-904, doi:10.1007/s00198-003-1483-3 (2003).
2Robbins, J. A., Biggs, M. L. & Cauley, J. Adjusted mortality after hip fracture: From the cardiovascular health study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society54, 1885-1891, doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00985.x (2006).
3Braithwaite, R. S., Col, N. F. & Wong, J. B. Estimating hip fracture morbidity, mortality and costs. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society51, 364-370 (2003).
4Wiktorowicz, M. E., Goeree, R., Papaioannou, A., Adachi, J. D. & Papadimitropoulos, E. Economic implications of hip fracture: health service use, institutional care and cost in Canada. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA12, 271-278 (2001).
5JOSEPH M. LANE, E. H. R., and PHILIP Z. WIRGANOWICZ. Osteoporosis: Diagnosis and Treatment. J. Bone Joint Surg78, 618-632 (1996).
6Johnston, C. C., Jr. & Slemenda, C. W. Changes in skeletal tissue during the aging process. Nutrition reviews50, 385-387 (1992).
7Baczyk, G., Opala, T., Kleka, P. & Chuchracki, M. Multifactorial analysis of risk factors for reduced bone mineral density among postmenopausal women. Archives of medical science : AMS8, 332-341, doi:10.5114/aoms.2012.28562 (2012).
8Riggs, B. L. et al. Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging. Differences between the postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis syndromes. J Clin Invest70, 716-723 (1982).
9in Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon GeneralReports of the Surgeon General (2004).
10Gehrig, L., Lane, J. & O''Connor, M. I. Osteoporosis: management and treatment strategies for orthopaedic surgeons. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume90, 1362-1374 (2008).
11C.Guyton, A. 蓋統生理學. (1997).
12Hauge, E. M., Qvesel, D., Eriksen, E. F., Mosekilde, L. & Melsen, F. Cancellous bone remodeling occurs in specialized compartments lined by cells expressing osteoblastic markers. J Bone Miner Res16, 1575-1582 (2001).
13黃永彥. 骨質疏鬆症-基礎與臨床. (1997).
14Mundy, G. R.“Bone Remodeling and its Disorders 2nd (1999).
15Takeda, T. et al. A novel murine model of aging, Senescence-Accelerated Mouse (SAM). Arch Gerontol Geriatr19, 185-192 (1994).
16Takeda, T., Hosokawa, M. & Higuchi, K. Senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM): a novel murine model of senescence. Experimental gerontology32, 105-109 (1997).
17Takeda, T. et al. A new murine model of accelerated senescence. Mech Ageing Dev17, 183-194 (1981).
18Takeda, T. Senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM): a biogerontological resource in aging research. Neurobiol Aging20, 105-110 (1999).
19Duque, G., Macoritto, M., Dion, N., Ste-Marie, L. G. & Kremer, R. 1,25(OH)2D3 acts as a bone-forming agent in the hormone-independent senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM-P/6). Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab288, E723-730 (2005).
20Ichioka, N. et al. Prevention of senile osteoporosis in SAMP6 mice by intrabone marrow injection of allogeneic bone marrow cells. Stem Cells20, 542-551 (2002).
21Ebeling, P. R. et al. Mechanisms of bone loss following allogeneic and autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Bone Miner Res14, 342-350 (1999).
22Kushida, T. et al. Intra-bone marrow injection of allogeneic bone marrow cells: a powerful new strategy for treatment of intractable autoimmune diseases in MRL/lpr mice. Blood97, 3292-3299 (2001).
23Nieves, J. W. Osteoporosis: the role of micronutrients. The American journal of clinical nutrition81, 1232S-1239S (2005).
24Durlach, J. et al. Magnesium status and ageing: an update. Magnesium research : official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium11, 25-42 (1998).
25Rude, R. K. & Olerich, M. Magnesium deficiency: possible role in osteoporosis associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA6, 453-461 (1996).
26Fatemi, S., Ryzen, E., Flores, J., Endres, D. B. & Rude, R. K. Effect of experimental human magnesium depletion on parathyroid hormone secretion and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism73, 1067-1072 (1991).
27Lewis, N. M., Marcus, M. S., Behling, A. R. & Greger, J. L. Calcium supplements and milk: effects on acid-base balance and on retention of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. The American journal of clinical nutrition49, 527-533 (1989).
28Tucker, K. L. et al. Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. The American journal of clinical nutrition69, 727-736 (1999).
29Sojka, J. E. & Weaver, C. M. Magnesium supplementation and osteoporosis. Nutrition reviews53, 71-74 (1995).
30Stendig-Lindberg, G., Tepper, R. & Leichter, I. Trabecular bone density in a two year controlled trial of peroral magnesium in osteoporosis. Magnesium research : official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium6, 155-163 (1993).
31Abraham, G. E. & Grewal, H. A total dietary program emphasizing magnesium instead of calcium. Effect on the mineral density of calcaneous bone in postmenopausal women on hormonal therapy. The Journal of reproductive medicine35, 503-507 (1990).
32Chou, H. F., Schwartz, R., Krook, L. & Wasserman, R. H. Intestinal calcium absorption and bone morphology in magnesium deficient chicks. The Cornell veterinarian69, 88-103 (1979).
33Sader, M. S., Legeros, R. Z. & Soares, G. A. Human osteoblasts adhesion and proliferation on magnesium-substituted tricalcium phosphate dense tablets. Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine20, 521-527, doi:10.1007/s10856-008-3610-3 (2009).
34Wallach, S. Effects of magnesium on skeletal metabolism. Magnesium and trace elements9, 1-14 (1990).
35Kanazawa, I. et al. A case of magnesium deficiency associated with insufficient parathyroid hormone action and severe osteoporosis. Endocrine journal54, 935-940 (2007).
36Rude, R. K. et al. Reduction of dietary magnesium by only 50% in the rat disrupts bone and mineral metabolism. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA17, 1022-1032, doi:10.1007/s00198-006-0104-3 (2006).
37Rude, R. K., Singer, F. R. & Gruber, H. E. Skeletal and hormonal effects of magnesium deficiency. Journal of the American College of Nutrition28, 131-141 (2009).
38Lemann, J., Jr., Pleuss, J. A., Gray, R. W. & Hoffmann, R. G. Potassium administration reduces and potassium deprivation increases urinary calcium excretion in healthy adults [corrected]. Kidney international39, 973-983 (1991).
39Lemann, J., Jr., Pleuss, J. A. & Gray, R. W. Potassium causes calcium retention in healthy adults. The Journal of nutrition123, 1623-1626 (1993).
40Harrington, M. & Cashman, K. D. High salt intake appears to increase bone resorption in postmenopausal women but high potassium intake ameliorates this adverse effect. Nutrition reviews61, 179-183 (2003).
41Tucker, K. L., Hannan, M. T. & Kiel, D. P. The acid-base hypothesis: diet and bone in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. European journal of nutrition40, 231-237 (2001).
42Buclin, T. et al. Diet acids and alkalis influence calcium retention in bone. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA12, 493-499 (2001).
43Sandhu, H. S., Gilles, E., DeVita, M. V., Panagopoulos, G. & Michelis, M. F. Hyponatremia associated with large-bone fracture in elderly patients. International urology and nephrology41, 733-737, doi:10.1007/s11255-009-9585-2 (2009).
44Verbalis, J. G. et al. Hyponatremia-induced osteoporosis. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research25, 554-563, doi:10.1359/jbmr.090827 (2010).
45Kanno, T., Takahashi, T., Tsujisawa, T., Ariyoshi, W. & Nishihara, T. Platelet-rich plasma enhances human osteoblast-like cell proliferation and differentiation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg63, 362-369 (2005).
46Palomba, S. et al. Effect of estrogen replacement plus low-dose alendronate treatment on bone density in surgically postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism87, 1502-1508 (2002).
47Guo, X. X. et al. Prevention of osteoporosis in mice after ovariectomy via allograft of microencapsulated ovarian cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken)293, 200-207, doi:10.1002/ar.21036 (2010).
48Johnson, D. W., McIntyre, H. D., Brown, A., Freeman, J. & Rigby, R. J. The role of DEXA bone densitometry in evaluating renal osteodystrophy in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int16, 34-40 (1996).
49Shui, C. & Scutt, A. M. Mouse embryo-derived NIH3T3 fibroblasts adopt an osteoblast-like phenotype when treated with 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and dexamethasone in vitro. Journal of cellular physiology193, 164-172, doi:10.1002/jcp.10157 (2002).
50Chen, C. C., Wang, M. F., Liu, M. H., Lin, W. T. & Yang, S. K. Effects of age on plasma levels of calcium-regulating hormones and bone status in male SAMP8 mice. Chin J Physiol47, 7-14 (2004).
51Liu, H. Y. et al. The balance between adipogenesis and osteogenesis in bone regeneration by platelet-rich plasma for age-related osteoporosis. Biomaterials32, 6773-6780, doi:S0142-9612(11)00651-X [pii]10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.080 (2011).
52Kimata, H. Improvement of atopic dermatitis and reduction of skin allergic responses by oral intake of konjac ceramide. Pediatr Dermatol23, 386-389, doi:PDE268 [pii]10.1111/j.1525-1470.2006.00268.x (2006).
53Kimata, H. et al. Improvement of skin symptoms and mineral imbalance by drinking deep sea water in patients with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)45, 83-84 (2002).
54Ueshima, S., Fukao, H., Okada, K. & Matsuo, O. Suppression of the release of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor from human vascular endothelial cells by Hawaii deep sea water. Pathophysiology9, 103-109, doi:S0928468002000767 [pii] (2003).
55Yoshioka, S. et al. Pharmacological activity of deep-sea water: examination of hyperlipemia prevention and medical treatment effect. Biol Pharm Bull26, 1552-1559 (2003).
56Miyamura, M. et al. Difference between deep seawater and surface seawater in the preventive effect of atherosclerosis. Biol Pharm Bull27, 1784-1787, doi:JST.JSTAGE/bpb/27.1784 [pii] (2004).
57Hataguchi, Y., Tai, H., Nakajima, H. & Kimata, H. Drinking deep-sea water restores mineral imbalance in atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr59, 1093-1096, doi:1602218 [pii]10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602218 (2005).
58Katsuda, S. et al. Deep-sea water improves cardiovascular hemodynamics in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-Hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits. Biol Pharm Bull31, 38-44, doi:JST.JSTAGE/bpb/31.38 [pii] (2008).
59Hwang, H. S., Kim, H. A., Lee, S. H. & Yun, J. W. Anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects of deep sea water on ob/ob mice. Mar Biotechnol (NY)11, 531-539, doi:10.1007/s10126-008-9171-0 (2009).
60Maehira, F., Iinuma, Y., Eguchi, Y., Miyagi, I. & Teruya, S. Effects of soluble silicon compound and deep-sea water on biochemical and mechanical properties of bone and the related gene expression in mice. J Bone Miner Metab26, 446-455, doi:10.1007/s00774-007-0845-x (2008).
61Dimai, H. P. et al. Daily oral magnesium supplementation suppresses bone turnover in young adult males. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism83, 2742-2748 (1998).
62Sheehy, E. J., Buckley, C. T. & Kelly, D. J. Oxygen tension regulates the osteogenic, chondrogenic and endochondral phenotype of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun417, 305-310, doi:S0006-291X(11)02126-7 [pii]10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.105 (2012).
63Kaur, G., Wang, C., Sun, J. & Wang, Q. The synergistic effects of multivalent ligand display and nanotopography on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells. Biomaterials31, 5813-5824, doi:S0142-9612(10)00500-4 [pii]10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.017 (2010).
64Patil, R. et al. Sarcopenia and osteopenia among 70-80-year-old home-dwelling Finnish women: prevalence and association with functional performance. Osteoporos Int, doi:10.1007/s00198-012-2046-2 (2012).
65Abstracts of the Osteoporosis and Bone Conference. July 1-4, 2012. Manchester, United Kingdom. Osteoporos Int23 Suppl 5, S521-611, doi:10.1007/s00198-012-2005-y (2012).