為維護台灣環境及國人健康，調查偽劣農藥之流佈、妥善處理及回收農藥廢容器，乃本研究主要之議題。研究將調查農藥廢容器以探討台灣重要蔬菜生產區之農藥使用種類及用藥型態，及開發並建立農藥廢容器之殘液處理技術，使農藥廢容器可回收再利用，俾解決農藥廢容器於環境堆積問題。民國100年4月至12月農藥廢容器採樣調查之結果，分析得知使用於蔬菜之農藥以殺蟲劑為最多，其次為殺菌劑及除草劑。不同種類農藥用於各類蔬菜樣品之統計，農藥廢容器中，殺蟲劑使用於花椰菜共105件，其中38件為偽藥；高麗菜62件，偽藥為22件，使用偽藥比例約為36%。殺菌劑使用於花椰菜36件，偽藥15件；高麗菜25件，偽藥為8件，使用偽藥比例分別為42%及32%。因此可推測台灣使用農藥偽藥比例甚高，最常用於蔬菜之殺蟲劑及殺菌劑中，約有30%為偽藥。有關農藥廢容器之農藥殘液處理，經過三重複水沖洗後之農藥廢容器殘留情形，如芬化利 (Fenvalerate)之農藥廢容器，經第一次沖洗後芬化利約為63 mg/L，清洗第二次剩餘1.98 mg/L，第三次為0.72 mg/L，添加氧化劑後則低於儀器偵測極限。若以水清洗第一次做為殘留量100%，則三次清洗後殘留量為1.14%，顯示以標準三重複清洗法即可有效去除98.86%之農藥殘液。若農藥容器能於使用完畢後按照標準三重複水沖洗方法清洗，則不需另外添加氧化劑，即可降低農藥殘留量，因此清水沖洗法為解決農藥殘留之重要方法。

To protect the environment and human safety we innovate this study to survey the counterfeit pesticides that used by farmers in the vegetable fields and develop the cleaning technology of pesticide residue in the empty pesticide container. Empty pesticide container are collected from random chose vegetable fields in Changhua, Yunlin and Chiayi county from April, 2011 until December, 2011. From the survey data, we could understand the type and amount of pesticides used by farmer in vegetable fields. The results indicated the insecticide are used most frequently, followed by fungicides and herbicides in vegetable field. According to studies conducted in vegetable fields, 105 insecticide containers were collected from cauliflowers, and 62 insecticide containers from cabbages. Among them, 38 containers from cauliflowers and 22 containers from cabbages were counterfeit insecticide. The percentage of counterfeit insecticide are 36%. Then 36 fungicides containers were collected from cauliflowers and 25 fungicides containers from cabbages in vegetable field. Among them, 15 containers from cauliflowers and 8 containers from cabbages were counterfeit fungicides. The percentage of counterfeit fungicides in cauliflowers and cabbages are 42% and 32%, respectively. The percentage of counterfeit insecticide and fungicides in vegetable field totally are 30%. The triple water rinsing method was confirmed to be effective technology for cleaning the empty pesticide container. The washing technology of empty pesticide container was developed by triple water rinsing. For an empty pesticide container of 1000 mL, the results showed that Fenvalerate residues are 63 mg/L at the first rinse, then 1.98 mg/L at the second rinse, and 0.72 mg/L at the third rinse. Presume the pesticide residue in the first rinse showed 100%, then only 1.14% residue remains after triple water rinsing. The results showed 98.86% of pesticide residues could be removed by triple water rinsing. It seems be to a good tool for removing the pesticide residue.

摘要..........................................I
Abstract..........................................III
致謝..........................................V
目 錄..........................................VI
表目錄..........................................IX
圖目錄..........................................X
第一章 前言..........................................1
1.1研究緣起..........................................1
1.2研究目的..........................................3
第二章 文獻探討..........................................4
2.1農藥之定義及應用..........................................4
2.2雲嘉南蔬菜生產區概況..........................................7
2.3台灣蔬菜常用之農藥特性..........................................9
2.3.1常用於蔬菜之殺蟲劑特性..........................................9
2.3.2常用於蔬菜之殺菌劑特性..........................................10
2.3.3使用於蔬菜之除草劑特性..........................................13
2.3.4使用於蔬菜之殺螺劑特性..........................................15
2.4美國農藥廢容器處理方法..........................................16
2.4.1美國農藥廢容器清洗方法..........................................16
2.4.2美國農藥廢容器回收處理..........................................23
2.5常用之農藥廢液處理方法..........................................25
2.5.1焚燒法..........................................25
2.5.2化學處理..........................................26
2.5.3物理處理..........................................27
2.5.4生物處理..........................................28
2.6台灣農藥廢容器回收處理現況..........................................30
第三章 材料與方法..........................................34
3.1研究架構..........................................34
3.2農藥廢容器採樣..........................................35
3.2.1採集之標準作業程序..........................................35
3.2.2初步判斷採集調查田地..........................................35
3.2.3廢容器檔案建立..........................................37
3.3農藥殘液處理技術..........................................39
3.3.1實驗材料及設備..........................................39
3.3.2分析藥劑基本性質..........................................40
3.3.3實驗方法..........................................41
3.3.4分析方法..........................................44
第四章 結果與討論..........................................45
4.1農藥廢容器採樣調查..........................................45
4.1.1農藥廢容器採樣地點..........................................45
4.1.2調查作物種類..........................................47
4.1.3調查之農藥種類..........................................50
4.2農藥殘液處理技術..........................................55
4.2.1農藥廢容器基本性質..........................................55
4.2.2農藥廢容器殘液分析結果..........................................59
第五章 結論..........................................64
5.1農藥廢容器調查..........................................64
5.2農藥廢容器殘液處理技術..........................................64
參考文獻..........................................65


表目錄
表2-1台灣歷年農藥使用量......................................7
表2-2歷年全國及雲嘉南地區蔬菜栽培面積比.........................8
表2-3農藥廢容器沖洗法之比較...................................22
表2-4農藥廢容器經三次沖洗後之殘留物殘留情形......................22
表2-5應回收廢容器回收清除處理補貼費率表.........................31
表3-1實驗材料及設備.........................................39
表3-2農藥標準品基本性質......................................40
表3-3分析農藥之儀器操作條件...................................44
表4-1芬化利農藥廢容器........................................56
表4-2愛殺松農藥廢容器........................................57
表4-3納乃得農藥廢容器........................................58
表4-4芬化利農藥廢容器之殘留比例................................61
表4-5愛殺松農藥廢容器之殘留比例................................62
表4-6納乃得農藥廢容器之殘留比例................................63

圖目錄
圖2-1標準三重複清洗方法......................................18
圖2-2壓力清洗法.............................................19
圖2-3專用高壓沖洗頭..........................................19
圖2-4移動式破碎卡車..........................................24
圖2-5廢塑料之回收再利用製品....................................24
圖3-1實驗架構...............................................34
圖3-2採樣用具...............................................35
圖3-3種植作物幼苗期..........................................36
圖3-4灌溉水井、水溝垃圾堆.....................................36
圖3-5採收結束之田地..........................................36
圖3-6合格登記之農藥..........................................37
圖3-7偽藥 ..................................................38
圖3-8無法辨識之農藥..........................................38
圖3-9實驗步驟...............................................43
圖4-1 採樣地點分佈圖.........................................49
圖4-2調查作物種類百分比.......................................49
圖4-3不同藥劑類別調查結果......................................52
圖4-4殺蟲劑於各蔬菜樣品數分佈..................................52
圖4-5殺菌劑於各蔬菜樣品數分佈..................................53
圖4-6殺螺劑於各蔬菜樣品數分佈..................................53
圖4-7除草劑於各蔬菜樣品數分佈..................................54
圖4-8農藥廢容器..............................................55
圖4-9芬化利農藥廢容器之殘液分析.................................61
圖4-10愛殺松農藥廢容器之殘液分析................................62
圖4-11納乃得農藥廢容器之殘液分析................................63

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