臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電腦發展的廣泛性與重要性，讓許多工作者操作電腦的時間越來越
長，導致許多疾病如腕隧道症候群、下背痛等等。且對於肢體障礙的特殊
使用者，傳統的電腦工作站對他們產生許多困擾。為了避免電腦使用者長
時間的暴露以及改善特殊使用者的工作環境，本研究對特殊使用者進行訪
談，並進行躺姿操作電腦之實驗，進而模擬出適合站姿、坐姿和躺姿的通
用型電腦工作站。
本研究探討躺姿時鍵盤滑鼠的位置擺設，評估比較規範配置及自選配
置。規範配置遵守現有的坐姿電腦工作站規範的設計；而自選配置則依照
受測者喜好選擇。實驗進行打字作業、滑鼠拖曳作業以及滑鼠穩定度作業，
分別收集作業時的肌電訊號(EMG)、表面溫度以及作業績效，並收集受測者
的主觀感受。由實驗結果與特殊使用者訪談意見，進行電腦模擬設計，設
計出符合國人身材的通用型電腦工作站。
實驗結果發現，滑鼠自選的配置在肌電訊號(p=0.045)、作業績效
(p=0.007)與表面溫度變化(P=0.046)皆比規範配置好；鍵盤的配置則無顯著
差異。而提出的通用型工作站採用懸臂式設計，可解決特殊使用者的需求，
且可適用於90%以上的國人。

Many computer workers use a computer longer and longer because
computer operations are extensive and importance. So it makes Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome and Low Back Pain . And for specific users like physical disabilities,
a traditional computer workstation has many troubles. For avoid exposure of
prolonged computer usage and improving the work environment for specific
users, this research interview specific users , and perform an experiment of
computer operation in supine posture. Finally, we combined these results and
simulated an universal computer work-station including standing, sitting and
supine postures.
This research investigated suitable positions of a keyboard and a mouse
when using a computer in supine posture. We evaluated guideline setting and
preferred setting. Guideline setting is according to sitting workstation guideline;
and preferred setting is determined by subjects.this experiment performed three
operations including typing, mouse draging and mouse stability. The
Electromyography (EMG), skin temperature, performance and subjective feeling
were collected. Combining these results and the interview with specific users,
we used computer simulation to design an universal computer workstation based
on anthropometric data of Taiwan.
In this experiment, we found that EMG (p=0.045), performance (p=0.007)
and skin temperature (P=0.046) for preferred keyboard position were better than
those of guideline setting. But no significant difference in any dependent
variables between the two kinds of keyboard settings. The proposed universal
workstation had a cantilever design. It can satisfy the demand of specific users
and suit for above 90% of Taiwanese.

摘要 ............................................................................................................................................ I
Abstact ...................................................................................................................................... II
目錄 ......................................................................................................................................... III
表目錄 ...................................................................................................................................... V
圖目錄 ..................................................................................................................................... VI
第一章緒論 .............................................................................................................................. 1
第一節研究背景與動機 .................................................................................................. 1
第二節研究目的 .............................................................................................................. 3
第三節研究架構 .............................................................................................................. 4
第二章文獻探討 ...................................................................................................................... 5
第一節通用型產品設計 .................................................................................................. 6
第二節電腦工作站相關的規範 ...................................................................................... 7
第三節使用電腦的肌肉骨骼危害 ................................................................................ 11
第四節電腦使用之人因評估方法 ................................................................................ 13
1.肌電訊號 ............................................................................................................... 13
2.壓力訊號 ............................................................................................................... 14
3.電腦模擬評估軟體 ............................................................................................... 14
第三章研究方法與步驟 ........................................................................................................ 18
第一節 互動式設計與評估電腦工作站的3D 模型 ................................................... 18
1.特殊使用者需求調查 ........................................................................................... 18
2.台灣地區成人人體計測資料整理 ....................................................................... 19
3.電腦輔助設計與調整 ........................................................................................... 21
第二節躺姿鍵盤滑鼠之配置 ........................................................................................ 24
1.受測者 ................................................................................................................... 25
2.實驗設備 ............................................................................................................... 25
IV
3.實驗設計 ............................................................................................................... 28
4.指定的電腦作業 ................................................................................................... 30
5.收集的依變項 ....................................................................................................... 32
6.控制因子 ............................................................................................................... 35
7.實驗程序 ............................................................................................................... 36
8.資料統計與分析 ................................................................................................... 38
第四章結果 ............................................................................................................................ 39
第一節訪談結果 ............................................................................................................ 39
第二節鍵盤滑鼠配置實驗結果 .................................................................................... 40
1.作業績效 ............................................................................................................... 40
2.肌電訊號 ............................................................................................................... 41
3.主觀評量 ............................................................................................................... 45
4.表面溫度 ............................................................................................................... 46
第三節通用型工作站原型 ............................................................................................ 48
第五章討論 ............................................................................................................................ 54
第一節作業績效的效應 ................................................................................................ 54
第二節肌電訊號的效應 ................................................................................................ 55
第三節主觀評量與表面溫度的效應 ............................................................................ 57
第四節通用型電腦工作站的設計效應 ........................................................................ 58
第六章結論與建議 ................................................................................................................ 62
參考文獻 ................................................................................................................................. 64
表目錄
表 2- 1 國內外工作站規範比較 .......................................................................................... 8
表 2- 2 國人電腦桌椅建議高度楊雅婷(2002) .................................................................... 9
表 2- 3 93 年起五年之電腦普及率調查(行政院主計處，2008) ..................................... 12
表3- 1 成年男性身高的計測資料(*表示所選擇的計測值) ............................................. 20
表3- 2 成年男女第五、第九十五百分位以及平均計測值(整理自台灣地區人體計測
資料庫手冊) ................................................................................................................. 21
表3- 3 兩種設定條件的說明 .............................................................................................. 29
表4- 1 受測者實驗時鍵盤滑鼠位置之計測值 ................................................................. 40
表4- 2 作業績效之平均值與標準差 .................................................................................. 41
表4- 3 作業績效在不同鍵盤滑鼠配置下之成對T 檢定 ................................................ 41
表4- 4 四條肌肉在打字作業不同時間點的施力大小(%MVC) ...................................... 42
表4- 5 四條肌肉在打字作業不同時間點的成對T 檢定 ................................................. 42
表4- 6 四條肌肉在不同配置下打字作業的平均施力及標準差(單位：%MVC) .......... 43
表4- 7 受測者內施力大小對比的檢定 .............................................................................. 44
表4- 8 受次者間施力大小效應的檢定 .............................................................................. 44
表4- 9 滑鼠拖曳與穩定度之施力平均值與標準差(單位：%MVC) .............................. 45
表4- 10 不同配置對滑鼠作業的多變量分析 .................................................................... 45
表4- 11 主觀評量之平均值與標準差 ................................................................................ 46
表4- 12 主觀評量在不同配置下之成對T 檢定 ............................................................... 46
表4- 13 受測者不同情況下手掌的平均表面溫度(℃) .................................................... 47
表4- 14 受測者不同情況下前臂的平均表面溫度(℃) ..................................................... 47
表4- 15 表面溫度斜率之平均值與標準差 ........................................................................ 48
表4- 16 表面溫度在不同配置方式下之成對T 檢定 ....................................................... 48
表4- 17 通用型電腦工作站零件示意圖 ........................................................................... 50
表5- 1 通用型工作站所改善的訪談問題……………………………………………….. 60
圖目錄
圖1- 1 研究架構 ................................................................................................................... 5
圖2- 1 四種不同類型的電腦工作站 (Haynes and Williams, 2007) ................................. 10
圖3- 1 不良的設計方式 ...................................................................................................... 23
圖3- 2 男性5th%le 以及95th%le 人體模型的調整修正 ................................................. 24
圖3- 3 自製之電腦工作站 .................................................................................................. 26
圖3- 4 本研究用的螢幕、鍵盤與滑鼠 .............................................................................. 26
圖3- 5 Biopac System MP150 ............................................................................................. 27
圖3- 6 表面溫度量測儀器 .................................................................................................. 27
圖3- 7 馬丁尺、量角器以及固定手腕之手套 .................................................................. 28
圖3- 8 規範設定的鍵盤滑鼠配置 ...................................................................................... 30
圖3- 9 自選配置滑鼠的位置選擇 ..................................................................................... 30
圖3- 10 拖曳施放測驗項目示意圖 ................................................................................... 32
圖3- 11 滑鼠穩定度測驗示意圖 ........................................................................................ 32
圖3- 12 表面溫度的量測位置 ............................................................................................ 34
圖3- 13 主觀不適量表之量測部位 .................................................................................... 35
圖3- 14 規範配置的實驗情況 ............................................................................................ 37
圖3- 15 自選配置的實驗情況 ............................................................................................ 38
圖4- 1 手掌與前臂的表面溫度分布圖 .............................................................................. 47
圖4- 2 通用型工作站示意圖(II) ........................................................................................ 51
圖4- 3 懸臂結構示意圖 ...................................................................................................... 52
圖4- 4 主機架位置示意圖 .................................................................................................. 53

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