臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Although the involvement of women in the political process as half of the world population is necessary to strengthen democracy, their place is inadequately established in active political life. At every socio-political level around the world, women found themselves as being under-represented in political decision-making. Iranian women are no exception. This paper examines women’s political participation in different historical periods in Iran to show the extent of women’s involvement in Iranian’ politics. This paper also examines the hindering and facilitating factors that affect the political participation of women in Iran. An historically complex relationship between gender, feminism, democracy, and politics exists in
Iran today. In the past, women in Iran have come together to discuss and articulate ideas to better women’s lives. The focus of this case study is to examine and analyze the mechanisms by which feminist goals are reached, namely through the re-interpretations of the Qur’anic texts, and identity groups are formed between Western and Muslim feminists in Iran. This
thesis will outline the current extent of gender inequality in Iran.

Through a feminist analysis of Iranian women''s narratives, this thesis works against Western stereotypes as a way to problematize the assumption that immersion in Western culture "saves" Middle Eastern women from their supposed cultural and religious "victimization." The focus of this inquiry is centered on everyday acts of resistance, subversion, and negotiation, issues of dress, household dynamics, and women''s values and self-expression. Drawing on secondary academic research (including anthropology, critical and comparative gender studies, and feminist theory), this project is designed to further understand how the dynamics of subversion, resistance, and agency that take place within the micro-practices of these women''s daily lives impact their ability to exercise individual agency against societal limitations and against the State at large.

Although the involvement of women in the political process as half of the world population is necessary to strengthen democracy, their place is inadequately established in active political life. At every socio-political level around the world, women found themselves as being under-represented in political decision-making. Iranian women are no exception. This paper examines women’s political participation in different historical periods in Iran to show the extent of women’s involvement in Iranian’ politics. This paper also examines the hindering and facilitating factors that affect the political participation of women in Iran. An historically complex relationship between gender, feminism, democracy, and politics exists in
Iran today. In the past, women in Iran have come together to discuss and articulate ideas to better women’s lives. The focus of this case study is to examine and analyze the mechanisms by which feminist goals are reached, namely through the re-interpretations of the Qur’anic texts, and identity groups are formed between Western and Muslim feminists in Iran. This
thesis will outline the current extent of gender inequality in Iran.

Through a feminist analysis of Iranian women''s narratives, this thesis works against Western stereotypes as a way to problematize the assumption that immersion in Western culture "saves" Middle Eastern women from their supposed cultural and religious "victimization." The focus of this inquiry is centered on everyday acts of resistance, subversion, and negotiation, issues of dress, household dynamics, and women''s values and self-expression. Drawing on secondary academic research (including anthropology, critical and comparative gender studies, and feminist theory), this project is designed to further understand how the dynamics of subversion, resistance, and agency that take place within the micro-practices of these women''s daily lives impact their ability to exercise individual agency against societal limitations and against the State at large.

Abstract
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Introduction
1. 1 Historical and Social Background 1
1.2 Motivation 2
1.3 Objectives 4
1.4 Research Questions 5
1.5 Research Frameworks and Limitations 6
1.6 Significance of the Study 7
Chapter 2 Feminism
2.1 Introduction to Feminist Theory 10
2.2 Third World Women and Feminism 15
2.3 Feminism and the Patriarchal Society 18
2.4 Feminism in Islam 20
2.5 Re-interpretation of the Koran 22
Chapter 3 Iran’s Women Movements
3.1 Law and Social Status 24
3.2 Political movements 25
3.3 Constraints from Religion and Culture 28
Chapter 4 Effects of Western Ideology on Iran
4.1 Understanding Women’s Status in Ira 30
4.2 Pre-revolutionary Iran and the Mohammad Reza Shah Era (1963-1978) 32
4.3 After the 1979 Revolution 34
Chapter 5 Obstacles Facing the Feminist Movement in Iran
5.1 Differentiation of Sex Roles 37
5.2 The Negative Image of Islam and Muslims in the West 39
5.3 Intercultural Incompatibility of Western Feminism 40
Chapter 6 Conclusion
6.1 Summary 44
6.2 Findings 45
6.3 Future Research 49
Bibliography 51

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