臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究宗旨為在室內駕駛模擬環境下藉由新型腕式生理監視器--心律大師(ANSWatchâ)來探討三時段(上午、下午及晚上)及有無導入運動對策下受測者駕駛前後心率變異性(HRV)等12項生理參數、主觀疲勞及血壓波的變化趨勢。
結果顯示，由三時段及有無運動組別駕駛前後生理參數變化幅度之單因子(時段或有無運動)多變量分析知，時段及有無運動組別對整體生理參數的影響有顯著差異；另從兩因子[駕駛時段(組別)×駕駛作業]多變量分析知，駕駛作業(90或120分鐘)對生理參數的影響達非常顯著的差異；再由成對t檢定結果知，駕駛後HRV、VLF(AU)、HF(AU)、HR、TLP及TRP六項參數有同方向變化的趨勢(前三項上升、後三項下降)，另LF(NU)、HF(NU)及LF/HF三項參數，上下午兩時段或有無運動組別駕駛後有彼此互為反向的趨勢；對血壓(SYS)參數或波形而言，上午時段及有運動組別藉由交感神經系統LF被活化啟動，使得血壓(SYS)可維持較佳的恆定狀態，但到了下午(晚上)或無運動組別，其恆定狀態較差。
駕駛為需要心智及體力的活動，自律神經系統(ANS)被活化喚起也許可以克服駕駛疲勞，但由於下半身被限制，駕駛疲勞復原通常不完整；結果顯示，導入15分鐘的運動被證明喚起交感神經活性LF為具有一定效果之方法，特別的，伴隨著自律神經系統(ANS)的啟動，有關於心率變異性相關參數的研究，LF(NU)、HF(NU)及LF/HF為三項最明顯的參數，可作為未來發展監控駕駛疲勞的參數。

The objective of the study was to monitor changes in physiological parameters (SYS, DIA, HR, HRV, LF(AU), LF(NU), HF(AU), HF(NU), LF/HF, VLF(AU), TRP and TLP, a total of 12 parameters), subjective fatigue feeling (by questionnaire), and blood pressure waveforms before and after an indoor simulated driving task for 90 to 120 minutes and conducted in the three time zones (morning, afternoon, and evening), with or without an exercise break.
The results show that the time zone and the exercise break each had a significant effect on the changes of the whole set of the twelve physiological parameters based upon one-way MANOVA. Further, from two-way MANOVA (time zone and driving task), the driving task (90 or 120 mins) had very significant effect on the changes of the twelve physiological parameters. Moreover, from paired-t test (before vs. after driving), HRV, VLF(AU) and HF(AU) showed an increase while HR, TLP and TRP showed a decrease after driving, regardless of time zone or exercise break. In contrast, LF(NU), HF(NU) and LF/HF had opposite changes between the afternoon and the evening session and between with-exercise-break and without-exercise-break. Systolic pressure and radial artery waveform were better maintained in the state of homeostasis in the morning session than the afternoon or evening sessions, thanks to the activation of sympathetic nervous system. Exercise break had the similar effect.
Driving task is a demanding activity both mentally and physically. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation may overcome some fatigue symptoms, but the recovery is nonetheless incomplete. Exercise break was shown to be an effective remedy, especially when accompanied by the ANS actions. Based upon the results of the study, the normalized parasympathetic index HF(NU), the normalized sympathetic index LF(NU) and the sympatho-vagal balance index LF/HF are three promising parameters that could be further developed for the monitoring of driver fatigue.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第 1 章 緒 論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究限制 3
1.4 研究架構 4
第 2 章 文獻探討 5
2.1 疲勞 5
2.1.1 心智疲勞 6
2.1.2 身體疲勞 7
2.2 駕駛疲勞 8
2.3 自律神經系統(ANS) 9
2.3.1 交感神經系統(SNS) 10
2.3.2 副交感神經系統(PNS) 11
2.4 心率變異性(HRV) 12
2.4.1 心率變異性(HRV)之定義 12
2.4.2 心率變異性(HRV)之量測 13
2.5 駕駛疲勞與生理參數 15
2.5.1 駕駛疲勞與心搏率(HR) 15
2.5.2 駕駛疲勞與血壓(SYS/DIA) 16
2.5.3 駕駛疲勞與心率變異性(HRV) 18
2.6 駕駛疲勞抵抗對策 20
第 3 章 研究方法 24
3.1 受測者 24
3.2 實驗變項 25
3.3 假設檢定 25
3.3.1 第一階段實驗(三時段之駕駛) 26
3.3.2 第二階段實驗(有無運動對策之駕駛) 29
3.4 駕駛模擬場景 33
3.5 實驗設備與材料 34
3.6 實驗程序 34
3.7 生理參數量測分析 37
3.8 資料收集 43
3.9 統計分析 44
第 4 章 實驗結果 45
4.1 第一階段實驗(三時段之駕駛) 45
4.1.1 三時段駕駛前後生理參數變化之成對t檢定 45
4.1.1.1 上午時段(A組)駕駛前後生理參數變化之成對t檢定 45
4.1.1.2 下午時段(B組)駕駛前後生理參數變化之成對t檢定 46
4.1.1.3 晚上時段(C組)駕駛前後生理參數變化之成對t檢定 47
4.1.1.4 三時段駕駛前後生理參數變化之比較 47
4.1.2 生理參數之單因子及兩因子多變量分析 48
4.1.2.1 生理參數之單因子(駕駛時段)多變量分析 48
4.1.2.2 生理參數之兩因子(駕駛時段×駕駛作業)多變量分析 52
4.1.3 三時段主觀疲勞評價之分析 56
4.1.3.1 三時段駕駛前後主觀疲勞評價之成對t檢定 56
4.1.3.2 三時段駕駛前主觀疲勞評價之變異數分析 59
4.1.3.3 三時段駕駛前後主觀疲勞評價變化幅度之變異數分析 61
4.1.4 三時段血壓波形分析 66
4.1.4.1 血壓波形之主波峰高度分析 66
4.1.4.2 血壓波形之主波峰角度分析 67
4.1.4.3 血壓波形之第二波峰高度分析 68
4.2 第二階段實驗(有無運動對策之駕駛) 70
4.2.1 有無運動對策駕駛前後生理參數變化之成對t檢定 71
4.2.1.1 無運動對策駕駛前後生理參數變化之成對t檢定 71
4.2.1.2 有運動對策駕駛前後生理參數變化之成對t檢定 72
4.2.1.3 有無運動對策駕駛前後生理參數變化之比較 72
4.2.2 生理參數之單因子及兩因子多變量分析 74
4.2.2.1 生理參數之單因子(有無運動對策)多變量分析 74
4.2.2.2 生理參數之兩因子(駕駛組別×駕駛作業)多變量分析 79
4.2.3 有無運動對策駕駛主觀疲勞評價之分析 81
4.2.3.1 有無運動對策駕駛前後主觀疲勞評價之成對t檢定 81
4.2.3.2 有無運動對策駕駛前主觀疲勞評價之獨立t檢定 83
4.2.3.3 有無運動對策駕駛後主觀疲勞評價之獨立t檢定 84
4.2.3.4 有無運動對策駕駛前後主觀疲勞評價變化幅度之比較 85
4.2.4 有無運動對策駕駛前後血壓波形之分析 87
4.2.4.1 血壓波形之主波峰高度分析 87
4.2.4.2 血壓波形之主波峰角度分析 88
4.2.4.3 血壓波形之第二波峰高度分析 88
第 5 章 討 論 92
5.1 血壓(收縮壓SYS及舒張壓DIA) 92
5.2 心搏率(HR) 95
5.3 心率變異性(HRV) 96
5.4 交感神經活性 [LF(AU) & LF(NU)] 98
5.5 副交感神經活性 [HF(AU) & HF(NU)] 99
5.6 非常低頻成份 VLF(AU) 100
5.7 交感-副交感平衡性指標 LF/HF 101
5.8 手掌表面溫度 (TLP及TRP) 102
5.9 主觀疲勞評價 103
5.10 血壓波形 104
5.11 綜合討論 105
第 6 章 結 論 109
第 7 章 未來研究建議 111
7.1 第一階段實驗(三時段之駕駛) 111
7.2 第二階段實驗(有無運動對策之駕駛) 112
參考文獻 114
附錄一、受測者實驗同意書1 123
附錄二、受測者實驗同意書2 124
附錄三、實驗紀錄暨主觀疲勞問卷調查表1 125
附錄四、實驗紀錄暨主觀疲勞問卷調查表2 128
附錄五、受測者血壓波形圖 131
附錄六、論文發表一覽表 211

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