近幾十年來，由於水資源利用的發展，以深層海水(DSW)製備可飲用的礦物質水愈趨重要，因為其純淨，較不易受到來自於陸地的汙染源所污染，且其富含生命所需的礦物質，如鎂離子和鈣離子等等。然而，DSW中高濃度的硫酸根離子，使得其在飲用的用途上大為受限。本次研究主要是探討商業化的陰離子單價滲透選擇性薄膜，Selemion ASV薄膜，在實驗型電透析裝置程序中，以低溫真空濃縮濃鹽水(鹽度約15%)做為原料水製備礦物質原水，其降低濃鹽水中 含量的效能，亦即其分離 和 兩種離子的效能。在研究過程中，我們研究兩種陰離子分離情況與ED程序時程和外加直流電壓強度兩者的關聯性。由實驗結果的分析得到以下數個重要結論：(1)低電壓(5V、7V)/高電壓(10V以上)下操作60分鐘後，電流(或離子流率)曲線保持在一較低/較高水平值；而在電壓值較高下，電流(或離子流率)會在ED時程結束前即漸漸降低並趨近於零值，亦即離子會在ED程序結束前即漸漸輸送完畢；(2)水槽液體體積變化，取決於離子本身輸送、電滲透，和滲透壓三個效應，其中前二者之效應，在ED程序中扮演著主要的角色，且當電壓越高時，此二者的效應越加明顯；(3) 的輸送大約與ED時程呈線性關係；(4) 對 的輸送呈現幾乎完全的阻礙效應，我們推論，塗佈在Selemion ASV薄膜表面上的滲透選擇層其孔洞大小與對 的大小甚為接近，是以當陰離子在滲透選擇層的孔洞中移動時，較小而佔優勢的 極有可能阻擋 進入孔洞中；(5)在高 產量、低 含量、以及合理的ED電能消耗等三個經濟效益考量下，利用最適法分析可找出ED程序之最佳的操作條件。

Preparing the regulated, potable mineral water from the deep sea water (DSW) becomes more and more prevailing in the recent decades, for DSW is of purity, free from the pollutant from the land, and rich in the vital ions, like the magnesium ion and the calcium ion. However, the high concentration of sulfate ion in DSW limits considerably its potable use. In this study, using a laboratory-scale electrodialysis (ED) apparatus, we investigate the performance of a commercial monovalent anion permselective membrane, Selemion ASV anion-exchange membrane, which is seldom studied in the literature, in the reduction of sulfate ion for the produced mineral source water. For efficiency, we use the highly concentrated brine from DSW, which has a salinity of about 15%, as the raw material water in ED process. The emphasis of present study is put on the interrelation between the separation of sulfate ion from the chloride ion, and both ED duration and the applied direct current (DC) voltage. The experimental results show that: (1) after an ascending stage (about 60 minutes), the electrical current (also ions flux) reaches a lower/higher plateau for lower/higher voltage, and it may approach to zero before the end of ED process for higher voltage; (2) the liquid volume change during ED process is dominated by both the ions transport and the electroosmosis for higher voltage; (3) the transport of chloride ions is approximately a linear function of ED duration; (4) the chloride ions show almost complete blocking effect for the transport of sulfate ions, and it is presumed that, the pore size of permselective layer coating on the Selemion ASV membrane surface is quite close to the size of sulfate ion, and hence, when the ions travel in these pores of permselective layer, the smaller, predominant chloride ions are very likely to block the sulfate ions from their entrance; (5) using the optimization, the optimal operational conditions of ED process can be determined under some criteria, including high chloride ion production, low sulfate ion content, and low electrical energy consumption.

摘要 Ι

英文摘要 ΙΙ

目錄 III

圖表目錄 V

第一章 緒論 1

1.1. 深層海水的特性與利用 1

1.2. 硫酸根離子的危害及其來源 4

1.3. 研究動機與目標 5

第二章 實驗原理與實驗儀器原理 8

2.1. 低溫真空濃縮器(Low Temperature and Vacuum Concentrators, LTVC) 8

2.2. 電透析(Electrodialysis, ED)設備原理 9

2.3. 分光光度計(Spectrophotometer)與陰離子濃度的測定 10

2.4. 感應耦合電漿發射光譜儀(Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission
Spectrometry, ICP-OES)與陽離子濃度的測定 13

第三章 實驗方法 14

3.1. 實驗藥品與材料 14

3.2. 實驗所需之配製溶液 14

3.3. 實驗儀器與裝置 15

3.4. 實驗步驟 16

3.4.1. LTVC製備15 %濃鹽水實驗步驟 16

3.4.2. ED實驗步驟 16

3.4.3. 測量氯離子濃度及其檢量線的製作 17

3.4.4. 測量硫酸根離子濃度及其檢量線的製作 18

第四章 結果與討論 19

4.1. 電流 與消耗電能 19

4.2. C槽與D槽液體體積變化 20

4.3. ASV薄膜分離 之效能 21

4.4. ASV薄膜滲透選擇層之作用機制 22

4.5. ED最適化操作條件 23

4.6. 滲透壓效應 24

第五章 結論 27

符號說明 28

參考文獻 30

個人著作 33

圖表 34

自述 64

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