臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

背景：
嚴厲教養是否影響子女以及父母的心理健康？國內應用調查資料同時探究這類｢親子互動｣相關的心理健康研究極少，且在探討嚴厲教養之影響時，未曾以親子知覺差異之角度，探究子女以及父母心理健康關係。

研究目的：
本研究建構於 Fonagy and Target (1997) 提出之親職反思功能理論，操作化親子知覺嚴厲教養程度之差異，並分析親子知覺嚴厲教養程度之差異與青少年及父母憂鬱症狀之關聯。

方法：
本研究採用中央研究院｢青少年成長歷程｣（TYP）資料，追蹤1587位國一學生與其父親或母親，對親子知覺差異從兩種分析方法量化(包括標準化差異分數、交互作用項)，進行多變項的線性迴歸分析。

結果：
親子間對於嚴厲教養知覺存在顯著之差異，且父母普遍認為自己嚴厲程度較高。標準化差異分數部分，不論是第一年或第二年，父親與母親知覺愈大於青少年，愈趨緩青少年的憂鬱症狀，與父親憂鬱症狀無顯著相關，但與母親第一年憂鬱症狀呈正相關，母親知覺愈大於青少年，愈增加母親憂鬱症狀；交互作用項部分，父母親對於嚴厲教養的知覺與其第三年憂鬱症狀有關聯，且知覺程度愈高，愈增加憂鬱症狀，但此項關聯僅在青少年知覺到的嚴厲教養為低程度時才存在，若青少年知覺到的為高程度，則父母親知覺愈高，反而愈趨緩憂鬱症狀。

結論：
親方知覺嚴厲教養程度愈大於子方，愈趨緩子方之憂鬱症狀，但愈增加親方之憂鬱症狀。嚴厲教養對親方亦有相當程度之影響，惟子方若亦有高知覺，則能趨緩親方憂鬱症狀。「差異」的角度確實為我們提供了更細緻的訊息，協助我們了解親子在嚴厲教養議題上的互動關係，兩種量化方式並不衝突，只是從不同角度揭開嚴厲教養與雙方心理健康的關聯。

Backgrounds:
Does harsh parenting has a negative impact on adolescents and parents mental health? Prior studies in Taiwan using secondary data however, have put less emphasis on parent-child interaction and only focus on the outcomes of adolescents.

Objectives:
This study is based on the theory of parental reflective function proposed by Fonagy and Target (1997). We aim to conceptualize discrepancies in perceived harsh parenting between parent-child and assess if they are associated with current and subsequent depressive symptoms.

Method:
1587 adolescents and one of their corresponding parents from the Taiwan Longitudinal Youth Project conducted in 2000 are analyzed. We use two way to conceptualize discrepancies in perceived harsh parenting (standard difference scores, interaction terms) and conduct the multiple linear regression.

Result:
There is a significant difference between parent-child with parents tend to perceive themselves as more harsh. The standardized difference scores are negatively related to current and subsequent adolescent depressive symptoms and positively related to current maternal depressive symptoms. Parental perception and adolescent perception has an interaction effect, the association between perceived hash parenting and parental depressive symptoms differ from high and low level adolescent perceptions.

Conclusion:
The harsher parents perceive than adolescents, the less depressive symptom adolescent would have and the more depressive symptoms mother might have. Harsh parenting has a negative impact on parental mental health, however, if child has a higher perception at the same time might reduce the negative effect. “Discrepancies” offer us a dynamic message and shed more light on parent-child interaction issues. Both standard difference score and interaction term are workable, they give messages of discrepancy from different sides.

致謝 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第三節 研究重要性 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
第一節 嚴厲教養 4
第二節 親子知覺教養行為 8
第三節 親子知覺教養行為之差異與心理健康關聯 10
第四節 差異之操作型定義 12
第三章 研究材料與方法 14
第一節 研究設計 14
第二節 研究架構與假說 15
第三節 資料來源與研究對象 17
第四節 變項之操作型定義與測量步驟 19
第五節 分析方法 23
第四章 研究結果 25
第一節 樣本特性 25
第二節 親子知覺嚴厲教養比例、程度之差異 28
第三節 親子知覺嚴厲教養程度之差異型態 32
第四節 親子知覺嚴厲教養程度之差異與憂鬱症狀關聯 33
第五章 討論 38
第一節 主要研究結果 38
第二節 研究限制與優勢 43
第三節 結論與建議 45
參考文獻 46
附錄 48


圖目錄
圖 2-1 Risky families model. 6
圖 3-1 依據父母性別分組分析架構 14
圖 3-2 研究架構一 15
圖 3-3 研究架構二 15
圖 3-5 樣本挑選過程 18
圖 4-1父子知覺嚴厲教養程度 29
圖 4-2 母子知覺嚴厲教養程度 31
圖 4-3 父子知覺嚴厲教養之交互作用 36
圖 4-4 母子知覺嚴厲教養之交互作用 37


表目錄
表 3-1研究主要變項之內容與定義 22
表 4-1樣本特性 26
表 4-2父子知覺嚴厲教養之比例、感受程度及差異 28
表 4-3母子知覺嚴厲教養之比例、感受程度及差異 30
表 4-4親子知覺嚴厲教養程度之差異型態 32
表 4-5父子知覺嚴厲教養程度差異分數與青少年及父親第一年憂鬱症狀關聯 33
表 4-6父子知覺嚴厲教養程度差異分數與青少年及父親後續憂鬱症狀關聯 34
表 4-7母子知覺嚴厲教養程度差異分數與青少年及母親第一年憂鬱症狀關聯 34
表 4-8母子知覺嚴厲教養程度差異分數與青少年及母親後續憂鬱症狀關聯 34
表 4-9父子知覺嚴厲教養程度與青少年及父親第一年憂鬱症狀關聯 35
表 4-10父子知覺嚴厲教養程度與青少年及父親後續憂鬱症狀關聯 35
表 4-11母子知覺嚴厲教養程度與青少年及母親第一年憂鬱症狀關聯 36
表 4-12母子知覺嚴厲教養程度與青少年及母親後續憂鬱症狀關聯 36

英文
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中文
周玉慧、吳齊殷 （2001）。 教養方式, 親子互動與青少年行為: 親子知覺的相
對重要性。人文及社會科學集刊， 13（4），頁 439-476。
兒童福利聯盟文教基金會（2013）。2013 年台灣兒童幸福感現況大調查。取自http://www.children.org.tw/news/advocacy_detail/1000