臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

無線射頻辨識系統(RFID)由讀取器(Reader)、標籤(Tag)及伺服器(Sever)所組成，無線射頻辨識系統的優劣在於讀取器能否快速的辨識這些標籤。在RFID的辨識過程中，若某時槽(slot)無任何標籤選用，則會發生閒置(idle)情形，降低系統的辨識效能。為了有效改善系統的辨識效能，本論文提出了一個能夠有效減少閒置情形發生的演算法，稱之為快速時槽掃描低閒置之RFID傳送競爭演算法(Fast Time-slots Scanning and Low Idle Transmission Contention Algorithm, FTSLI)。在FTSLI中，每個標籤會建立並傳送一個二元位元序列(binary bits sequence)給讀取器，讀取器收到各標籤的二元位元序列後，會計算出一個標籤時槽選用碰撞序列(slot collision sequence)，據以跳過未被選用slot之詢問，降低閒置情形的發生。經電腦模擬的結果顯示，本論文所提出的演算法能夠有效的降低閒置情形的發生，進而提升RFID系統辨識效能。

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system consists of reader, tag and sever. The pros and cons of RFID depends on if readers can quickly identify these tags. In the identification process of RFID, if any slot is not selected by any tag, there will be idle, which reduces the identification performance of system. To effectively improve the identification performance, this thesis proposes an algorithm that can effectively reduce the occurrence of idle, called Fast Time-slots Scanning and Low Idle Transmission Contention Algorithm(FTSLI). In FTSLI, each tag establishes and transmits a binary bits sequence to reader. Reader will calculate a slot collision sequence. With the values in slot collision sequence, the queries of unselected slots are skipped to reduce the occurrence of idle. The results of simulation show that the algorithm proposed in this thesis can effectively reduce the occurrence of idle to further enhance the identification performance of RFID system.

目錄
中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 序論 1
1.1 RFID簡介 1
1.2 RFID系統工作頻率 3
1.3 曼徹斯特編碼 5
1.4 研究動機 7
1.5 論文架構 11
第二章 相關研究 12
2.1 Tree-based演算法 12
2.2 Aloha-based演算法 17
2.3 無線通訊技術演算法介紹 19
2.3.1 分時多重存取(Time Division Multiple Access, TDMA) 19
2.3.2 空間分割多重存取(Space Division Multiple Access, SDMA) 20
2.3.3 分頻多重存取(Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA) 21
2.3.4 分碼多重存取(Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA) 22
2.4 Adaptive Delay Splitting(ADS)演算法 23
2.4.1 ADS演算法簡介 23
2.4.2 ADS演算法辨識程序 24
2.4.3 ADS演算法運作實例 30
第三章 FTSLI演算法 36
3.1 FTSLI演算法簡介 36
3.2 FTSLI演算法辨識程序 38
3.3 FTSLI演算法運作實例 46
第四章 模擬實驗 51
4.1 模擬環境 51
4.2 模擬結果分析 53
第五章 結論 61
參考文獻 63

表目錄
表1.1 條碼與RFID系統之特性比較表 2
表1.2 標籤類型之特性比較表 2
表1.3 RFID工作頻率類型之特性比較表 4
表2.1 QT演算法競爭標籤之UID 13
表2.2 QT演算法辨識過程 16
表2.3 ADS演算法辨識流程範例 34
表3.1 FTSLI演算法辨識流程範例 50
表4.1 模擬參數設定 52
表4.2 各演算法之模擬結果比較表 60

圖目錄
圖1.1 時脈偏差示意圖 6
圖1.2 曼徹斯特編碼圖 6
圖1.3 標籤與標籤碰撞的示意圖 7
圖1.4 讀取器與讀取器碰撞的示意圖 9
圖1.5 讀取器與標籤碰撞的示意圖 9
圖2.1 QT演算法示意圖 13
圖2.2 QT演算法辨識流程圖 14
圖2.3 FSA演算法辨識流程圖 18
圖2.4 FSA演算法示意圖 18
圖2.5 分時多重存取示意圖 19
圖2.6 空間分割多重存取示意圖 20
圖2.7 分頻多重存取示意圖 21
圖2.8 分碼多重存取示意圖 22
圖2.9 LSC之計算 25
圖2.10 Q值動態調整流程圖 26
圖2.11 ADS演算法讀取器執行程序 28
圖2.12 ADS演算法標籤執行程序 29
圖3.1 時槽選用碰撞序列之計算 39
圖3.2 閒置位元個數之計算 40
圖3.3 FTSLI演算法讀取器執行程序 41
圖3.4 FTSLI演算法標籤執行程序 42
圖3.5 FTSLI讀取器辨識流程圖 44
圖3.6 FTSLI演算法標籤辨識流程圖 45
圖4.1 各演算法slot數量之比較 54
圖4.2 各演算法閒置情形之比較 55
圖4.3 各演算法讀取器總詢問次數之比較 56
圖4.4 各演算法overhead之比較 57
圖4.5 各演算法讀取器平均詢問次數之比較 58
圖4.6 各演算法系統辨識效能之比較 59

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