臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

樟芝因具有其許多的經濟價值，而遭到濫採目前以經被政府列為保育類的植物，為了要獲得更多的樟芝來源，科學家們即著手研發許多培養樟芝的方法，包括了固態及液態發酵的培養方法。
過氧化體增殖活化的受體(PPARs)是一個轉錄因子，屬於nuclear receptor superfamily，當與其接合體(ligand)結合後，會進入細胞核，結合在具有PPRE (peroxisome proliferators response element)的基因啟動區。PPAR ligands已經被用於在周邊組織增加胰島素的敏感度，而用來當作降低血糖的藥物。在insulin resistant animal的模式下和第二型(non-insulin-dependent)糖尿病的病患，PPAR ligands的使用，可降低血糖，胰島素和三酸甘油脂的濃度。在本研究中，我們首先嘗試以cell-base的實驗方式，去研究樟芝是否具有降低血中脂質的活性，結果顯示，野生樟芝子實體的水粗萃取物，可增加PPAR?? transactivation activity。基於此結果我們利用動物模式的實驗，來觀察野生樟芝子實體及固培養樟芝，在餵食高膽固醇的SD老鼠的實驗下，兩者在降低血中脂質(hypolipidemic)的效能。結果顯示野生樟芝子實體可以有效地減低血漿的三酸甘油脂(triglyceride)和血糖的濃度，但是對於血漿的膽固醇並沒有影響。另一方面，結果也顯示固態培養樟芝，對於血漿的膽固醇及三酸甘油脂(triglyceride)的濃度是不會有影響。由實驗結果，我們認為野生樟芝子實體可能具有降三酸甘油脂的功能，並且優於固培養樟芝。

Abstract
Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is a kind of fungus and parasite on the inner heartwood wall of Cinnamonum kanehirai in wilderness. It is a Taiwan-specific and known traditional Chinese medicine, and has been used to treatment of diarrhea, hypertension, itchy skin, and liver cancer. It also exhibits several biological activities such as antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities. To gain large amount of A. camphorata, several culture technologies have been developed, including solid-state culture and liquid-state fermantation. Peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, and PPAR?? subtype has been described as a hypoglycemic agent that increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, and resulted in reducing blood glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels in insulin resistant animal and in type-2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. In this study, first we want to investigate the possibility of A. camphorata on the hypolipidemic activity by cell-base experiment. Second, we want to compare the hypolipidemic effect between solid-state culture and wild fruiting body of A. camphorate in animals. The results showed that water extracts of wild fruiting bodies were able to increase the PPAR?? transactivation activity by transfection of PPAR?? reporter plasmid. Base on the cell experiment, we have examined the hypolipidemic effect of solid-state culture and wild fruiting body of A. camphorata in SD rat fed with high cholesterol diet. The results showed that wild fruiting body was able to decrease the triglyceride and glucose levels, but could not affect the cholesterol level. On the other hand, solid-state culture of A. camphorate had no significant effect on the blood levels of triglyceride and cholesterol. These results suggest that wild fruiting body may exhibit a hypotriglyceridemic effect, and has more effect than solid-state culture of A . camphorate on the hypotriglyceridemic activity.

目錄
ABBREVIATIONS IV
第一章 ABSTRACT 1
第二章 中文摘要 2
第三章 緒 論 4
第一節 研究目的 4
第二節 高血脂暨動脈粥狀硬化. 6
一、 前言 6
二、 遺傳因子 12
三、 病理學分析 14
四、 正常的血管及內膜層 17
五、 內皮細胞損傷 18
六、 單核球的遷移(MONOCYTE MIGRATION) 21
七、 脂質浸透 23
八、 平滑肌細胞的增生 24
九、 脂質核心体的形成(LIPID CORE FORMATION) 26
十、 脂斑(PLAQUE)微血管化 28
第三節 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPARS) 30
第四節 樟 芝(TAIWANOFUNGUS) 32
一，簡 介 32
二，樟芝的成分 35
三，樟芝生理機能性 35
四，樟芝的培養 37
第四章 實驗材料與方法 39
一，材料 39
二，樟芝粗萃取物的製備 39
三，PPAR TRANSACTIVATION ASSAY 40
四，實驗動物及飼養條件 40
五，血清脂肪參數測量 41
六，血清生化參數測量 42
七，統計學分析 42
第五章 實驗結果 43
一，樟芝粗萃取物對PPARΓ活性的影響 43
二，樟芝對大鼠体重的影響 44
三，樟芝對血脂參數的影響 44
四，樟芝對血中生化參數的影響 46
第六章 討論 48
第七章 實驗結果圖表 58
圖一 58
圖二 60
圖三 61
圖四 62
圖五 64
圖六 65
圖七 66
表一 67
表二 68
第八章 參考文獻 69

健康的守護神國寶樟芝 蘇慶華教授 著 愛克思文化事業出版
臨床化學 第三版 何敏夫 編著 合記圖書出版社
圖解心臟疾病學精要 李哲全 編譯 合記圖書出版社
Molecular Cell Biology, 5/e
Cellular and Molecular Immunology 5/e
Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 7th edition.
Lange Pathophysiology of Disease 4th edition.
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