臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文欲實現的目標為設計與實現適應性差分脈衝編碼調變(Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation, ADPCM)系統之解碼器在MSP430微處理器上，將原本40、32、24或16 kbps的ADPCM語音壓縮碼解碼成96 kbps音訊訊號輸出。硬體部分，我們捨棄電量消耗極大的數位訊號處理器，而使用超低功耗的德州儀器出產之16-bit MSP430微處理器去實現該系統的硬體架構。軟體部分，我們採用C語言內嵌組合語言的方式去實現此ADPCM解碼器，這樣的程式寫作方式有助於解碼器維護且提升其解碼性能。實驗分為兩個項目，我們先將ADPCM編碼過的正弦波訊號經解碼器解碼，並在示波器上檢視原正弦波訊號與編解碼後的訊號之差異；另一項為MOS評分實驗，這項實驗實驗邀請多位聽眾，將語音訊號解碼後播放，與未編解碼的原始語音進行評分。

The goal in this thesis is to design and achieve the ADPCM （Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation）decoder system on the MSP430 microprocessor, which will decode the original ADPCM transmission of voice at rates of 16, 24, 32, and 40 kbps speech compression into the audio signals output of 96kbps. For the hardware, we have chosen the ultra-low power MSP430 microprocessor produced by Texas Instruments to carry out the hardware technology instead of Digital Signal Processor which relatively large power consumption. For the software, we have adopted C Language containing Assembly Language to accomplish ADPCM decoder. Using this program writing approach, the system can be conducive to maintaining and promoting decoding performances. The experiment was divided into two projects; one of the projects will decode the sine wave signal of ADPCM encoded via the decoder, and show the difference between the original sine wave and the encoded signal on the oscilloscope; the other will grade the MOS experiment, in this experiment, we invite numerous audiences to listen and grade the speech signal of the encoding and the original speech of the non-encoding.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 1
1.3 論文章節介紹 1
第二章 ADPCM介紹 3
2.1 PCM 3
2.2 DPCM 7
2.3 ADPCM 8
第三章 韌體系統 16
3.1 系統架構 16
3.2 系統硬體 18
3.3 程式流程 30
第四章 實驗結果 34
4.1 系統訊號檢測 34
4.2平均意見分數 38
第五章 結論 40
參考文獻 41
圖目錄
圖 2-1 脈衝編碼調變流程圖.............................................................3
圖 2-2 類比訊號................................................................................4
圖 2-3 離散時間訊號........................................................................4
圖 2-4 量化脈衝訊號........................................................................5
圖 2-5 數位訊號................................................................................5
圖 2-6 還原類比訊號........................................................................5
圖 2-7 ADPCM 編碼器方塊圖...........................................................8
圖 2-8 ADPCM 解碼器方塊圖...........................................................9
圖 2-9 輸入PCM 格式轉換和差分信號計算方塊圖.......................9
圖 2-10 適應性量化器方塊圖......................................................... 10
圖 2-11 反適應性量化器方塊圖.....................................................11
圖 2-12 量化比例因子適應方塊圖.................................................12
圖 2-13 適應速度控制方塊圖......................................................... 12
圖 2-14 適應性預測器和重建信號計算器方塊圖.......................... 13
圖 2-15 音頻和過渡檢測器方塊圖.................................................14
圖 3-1 系統視窗介面-開啟檔案播放..............................................16
圖 3-2 系統視窗介面-播放中......................................................... 16
圖 3-3 系統架構圖..........................................................................17
圖 3-4 硬體架構圖..........................................................................18
圖 3-5 燒錄開發板電路圖............................................................... 20
圖 3-6 MSP430 燒錄開發板............................................................. 20
圖 3-7 PL-2303HXD 晶片腳位圖[12]..............................................21
圖 3-8 解碼器USB 轉串列埠控制器電路圖..................................21
圖 3-9 Multiple feedback 主動濾波器[11] .......................................22
圖 3-10 解碼器低通濾波器電路圖.................................................22
圖 3-11 訊號放大器參考應用電路[10]...........................................23
圖 3-12 解碼器訊號放大器電路圖.................................................23
圖 3-13 MSP430 Schematic 電路圖.................................................24
圖 3-14 低通濾波器與訊號放大器Schematic 電路圖...................24
圖 3-15 解碼器之PCB Layout 圖...................................................25
圖 3-16 USB 轉串列埠控制模組之PCB Layout 圖........................ 25
圖 3-17 系統燒錄模組之PCB Layout 圖.......................................25
圖 3-18 解碼器硬體成品俯視圖.....................................................26
圖 3-19 解碼器硬體成品側觀圖.....................................................26
圖 3-20 系統之燒錄模組圖............................................................. 27
圖 3-21 TI MSP430 燒錄器.............................................................. 27
圖 3-22 解碼器燒錄模組與MSP430 燒錄器連結圖......................28
圖 3-23 MSP430 燒錄器與解碼器連結圖.......................................28
圖 3-24 解碼器USB 轉串列埠控制模組與mini USB 連結圖......29
圖 3-25 解碼器硬體成品圖............................................................. 29
圖 3-26 視窗介面程式流程圖......................................................... 30
圖 3-27 MSP430 微處理器主程式流程圖.......................................31
圖 3-28 UART 中斷程式流程圖......................................................32
圖 3-29 Get_code 函式程式流程圖..................................................32
圖 3-30 Decode 函式程式流成圖.....................................................33
圖 4-1 訊號檢測實驗流程............................................................... 34
圖 4-2 原始正弦波訊號(100Hz)......................................................35
圖 4-3 解碼後正弦波訊號(100Hz)..................................................35
圖 4-4 中文原始語音訊號與編解後的語音訊號圖(500ms)...........36
圖 4-5 中文原始語音訊號與編解後的語音訊號圖(1ms)................36
圖 4-6 英文原始語音訊號與編解後的語音訊號圖(500ms)...........37
圖 4-7 英文原始語音訊號與編解後的語音訊號圖(1ms)...............37
表目錄
表 2-1 類比訊號與調變後的PCM code ...........................................6
表 2-2 類比訊號與調變後的DPCM code ........................................7
表 2-3 量化值對應的4-bit ADPCM code (32 kbps) ....................... 10
表 2-4 4-bit ADPCM code (32 kbps) 對應的量化值....................... 11
表 2-5 類比訊號與調變後的ADPCM code....................................15
表 2-6 ADPCM 量化對應的ADPCM code (5-bit) .......................... 15
表 3-1 MSP430 與DSP 比較表....................................................... 18
表 3-2 解碼器時脈之運算時間比較表...........................................19
表 4-1 MOS 評分標準表..................................................................38
表 4-2 各類編碼之MOS 得分表....................................................38
表 4-3 MOS 實驗平均得分表.......................................................... 39
表 4-4 MOS 實驗得分人數表.......................................................... 39

[1]A.-A.-S. Wajih. (2009, December 30). Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM). http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/EE/wajih/files/EE %20370/EE%20370,%20Lecture%2025.pdf
[2]Atmel AVR335, "Digital Sound Recorder with AVRR and Serial DataFlashR," Atmel , USA, 1999.
[3]ITU-T. G.711, "Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies," International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 1988.
[4]ITU-CCITT G.726, "40, 32, 24, 16 kbit/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM)," International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 1990.
[5]ITU-T. Appendix G.726, "Comparison of ADPCM Algorithms," International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 1994.
[6]ITU-T. G.726-Annex A, "Extensions of Recommendation G.726 for use with uniform-quantized input and output," International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 1994.
[7]ITU-T. G.726-Annex B, "Pack format capability identifier and capability parameters for H.245 signaling," International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 2003.
[8]ITU-T. G.726 Corrigendum, "Correction to Annex A: Extensions of Recommendation G.726 for use with uniform-quantized input and output," International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.
[9]J.-G. Proakis and D.-G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications, USA: Prentice Hall, 2007.
[10]JRC NJM2149, "Low Voltage Audio Power Amplifier," New Japan Radio Co, Japan, 2010.
[11]JRC NJM4580 dual operational amplifier, "NJM4580," New Japan Radio Co, Japan, March, 2003.
[12]Prolific PL-2303HX USB to Serial Bridge Controller, "PL-2303HX," Prolific Technology, Taiwan, April, 2007.
[13]TI MSP430 Applications, "Low-Cost Speech With MSP430," Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas, 2009.
[14]TI MSP430 Applications, "PWM DAC Using MSP430 High-Resolution Timer," Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas, 2011.
[15]TI MSP430, "MSP430x2xx family," Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas, 2013.