臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討台灣本土常見的各種危害環境與衛生之蟲害防治，尤其是病媒蚊媒介病毒而引發的流行病。近年來，台灣亦成為世界上登革熱之好發區域，尤其南部地區，疫情有加劇之勢。這些趨勢，使各類害蟲的防治，在確保公共安全衛生，更顯其重要性。病媒防治法方法，大致上可分為：化學藥劑噴灑的防治、物理性質的防治，以及生物防治。病媒防治法方法，針對不同害蟲的種類、習性、特性加以變化搭配不同方法，稱為病媒綜合管理(Integrated Vector Management，IVM)，提升了傳統病媒防治的概念與措施，使病媒害蟲管制更有系統、更具整合性與參與性，尤其病媒管理的規劃和執行方面。其中包括評估病媒疾病流行與蟲害狀況、選用防治方法、確定需求與資源、規劃執行方案等。本論文以所合作之宇勝環保服務有限公司，作為個案分析。以居家、公司、飯店、連鎖食品餐飲店、學校的環境衛生防治過程，作為案例，說明實施對象、方式與防治的成效。以及，如何在符合政府規範前提下，達到病媒蟲害防治之目標。

This research investigated hazards control of commonly occurred domestic pests the endangered public health, especially mosquitoes that might be vectors of viruses and provoke epidemic diseases, such as dengue fever. Recent development had increased the importance of serious pests control to assure public health and safety. In general, pests control can be achieved in three ways: chemical, physical and biological methods. Combined use of different methods to contain the hazard of specific target, based on species and character, is called the “Integrated Vector Management (IVM). IVM had provided more systematic strategies to assure effectiveness when exercising the profession. This thesis analyzed various cases shared by a collaborating environmental service company, in order to provide examples and guidelines of practices that abide by the government regulations.


Keywords: pests control, public health, sanitation, integrated vector management, insects

中文摘要..................................................................................................I
英文摘要..................................................................................................II
誌謝..........................................................................................................III
目錄..........................................................................................................IV
表目錄.....................................................................................................VIII
圖目錄......................................................................................................IX
第一章前言................................................................................................1
第二章 台灣常見的害蟲..........................................................................2
2-1 蟑螂.................................................................................................... 2
2-1-1蟑螂的生態習性..............................................................................6
2-1-2蟑螂防治方法-物理防治.................................................................7
2-1-3蟑螂防治方法-化學藥劑防治.........................................................7
2-2老鼠......................................................................................................9
2-2-1鼠類各項構造簡介.........................................................................10
2-3 蚊蟲...................................................................................................16
2-4 蒼蠅類............................................................................................... 21
2-4-1 針對果蠅等騷擾性蠅類之防治.................................................... 25
2-5 白蟻................................................................................................... 27
2-5-1白蟻族群的社會分工..................................................................... 29
2-5-2白蟻的種類..................................................................................... 30
2-5-3 臺灣居家常見的6種白蟻概述..................................................... 31
2-6臭蟲..................................................................................................... 35
2-6-1 臭蟲棲息處所檢查......................................................................... 37
2-6-2 臭蟲的化學防治............................................................................. 39
2-7 跳蚤.................................................................................................... 41
2-7-1貓蚤.................................................................................................. 42
2-7-2 印度鼠蚤.......................................................................................... 44
第三章 防治方法介紹............................................................................. 45
3-1病媒害蟲及農業害蟲防治異同......................................................... 45
3-2 化學藥劑噴灑防治方法.................................................................... 46
3-2-1影響藥效的主要因子...................................................................... 49
3-2-2化學防治基本機型器具.................................................................. 49
3-2-3物理防治......................................................................................... 53
3-2-4生物防治.......................................................................................... 54
3-2-5 微生物防治..................................................................................... 55
第四章 案例介紹說明與施工方法.......................................................... 56
4-1-1 臭蟲.................................................................................................. 56
4-1-2 跳蚤..................................................................................................57
4-1-3 德國蟑螂..........................................................................................58
第五章政府法規明.................................................................................... 60
5-1環境用藥管理法規.............................................................................. 60
5-2環境用藥管理法舉例條文..................................................................60
5-2-1環境用藥管理法..............................................................................60
5-2-2 環境用藥許可證申請核發作業準則.............................................61
第六章 結論............................................................................................... 62
參考文獻..................................................................................................... 64

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