臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　近年來，智慧型手機崛起，伴隨著手機作業系統也逐漸受到重視，以往手機系統大多是各手機大廠自行研發且封閉的系統；但自從Google開始覬覦手機市場的廣告商機，而著手開發一個完全免費且開放式的手機軟體平台Android，全球各相關產官學界便開始爭相研究，也替Linux在智慧型手機市場注入一劑強心針。
　　一般有能力移植Android的業界不願公開移植的步驟及流程，而學界則恐缺資源及人才，因此不易將Android移植至實際平台，我們不僅成功地將Android移植至PXA270，並公開移植的步驟、流程、所撰寫及修改的程式碼，使他人可以仿照此流程，建立Android的執行環境。
　　本論文的重點在於移植的流程，而非硬體平台，此流程適用於多數的硬體平台，但不可能百分之百適用於所有的開發環境。我們為此打造一個全新的開發環境，使其在GNU Make支援下盡可能執行parallel make以縮短編譯時間。我們希望透過本論文能夠一窺Android的運作方式，並分享移植過程中所遇到的問題及解決方法。

　　In recent years, with the appearance of smart phones, development of the operating systems for handheld devices has attracted more and more attention. In the past, the specifications and developments of the handheld devices are usually defined by the vendors in a propritory method. With the ambition to extend the market share in the mobile phone related industry, Google has started to develop a free and open source based software platform, called Android, for these kinds of devices. Since then, Android soon gets focus from the world-wide industry companies, government departments, and academic organization. This also helps the Linux community in its applications in embedded systems.
　　We not only have ported Android into one of our embedded platform (a PXA270 board), but also we’d like to share our experience and detailed procedures to anyone who are interested in Android porting. The keypoint of this thesis is to emphasize the process of porting, instead of how to port it to any particular hardware platform. However, this process still depends on some of the hardware components that are used. The porting process involves many issues related to the hardware. These include the work of kernel porting, driver porting, and also some modification to the Android application framework and libraries.
　　Based on our work, we hope that people who are interested in Android have the chance to get more understanding on how it work and how to realize it on their own platforms.

中文摘要 ........................................................................................................................... i
英文摘要 .......................................................................................................................... ii

誌 謝 .......................................................................................................................... iv
目 錄 ........................................................................................................................... v
表目錄 .......................................................................................................................... ix
圖目錄 ........................................................................................................................... x
第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 前言 ................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 ............................................................................................ 1
1.3 研究貢獻 ........................................................................................................ 2
1.4 論文架構 ........................................................................................................ 3
第二章 Android 簡介 .................................................................................................... 4
2.1 硬體限制 ........................................................................................................ 4
2.2 軟體特色 ........................................................................................................ 5
2.3 開發環境 ........................................................................................................ 8
2.4 Linux 手機聯盟 .............................................................................................. 9
第三章 一般Embedded Linux System 簡介 ........................................................... 10
3.1 系統架構 ...................................................................................................... 10
3.2 開機流程 ...................................................................................................... 10
3.2.1 在ARM 架構下的開機流程 .............................................................. 11
3.3 開發流程 ...................................................................................................... 17
第四章 Android 移植步驟及流程 .............................................................................. 19
4.1 實驗平台PXA270 的硬體概況 .................................................................. 19
vi
4.2 準備工作 ...................................................................................................... 22
4.3 移植Linux kernel ......................................................................................... 24
4.3.1 使用工具 ............................................................................................. 26
4.3.2 可能遇到的問題及解決方法 ............................................................. 28
4.3.3 編譯Linux kernel ................................................................................ 30
4.3.4 測試Linux kernel ................................................................................ 30
4.4 整合性修改 .................................................................................................. 30
4.4.1 LCD ..................................................................................................... 32
4.4.1.1 Double Framebuffer ................................................................. 32
4.4.1.2 LCD 畫面閃爍 ........................................................................ 33
4.4.2 Keypad ................................................................................................. 33
4.4.3 Touch ................................................................................................... 34
4.4.4 編譯Android ....................................................................................... 40
4.4.5 init.rc .................................................................................................... 40
4.5 所有修改及新增的程式碼列表 .................................................................. 41
4.5.1 Linux kernel／device driver ................................................................ 41
4.5.2 Android ................................................................................................ 43
4.6 執行Android ................................................................................................ 44
4.7 移植成果 ...................................................................................................... 45
第五章 開發環境簡介 ................................................................................................. 48
5.1 一般傳統Building Environment 與Android Building Environment 簡介 48
5.2 我們的開發環境簡介 .................................................................................. 50
5.2.1 版本控制系統 ..................................................................................... 52
5.2.2 如何使用我們的開發環境 ................................................................. 54
5.2.3 測試平台 ............................................................................................. 59
vii
第六章 結論 ................................................................................................................. 61
參考文獻 ........................................................................................................................ 62
附錄A Shell 簡介 ........................................................................................................ 65
附錄B Framebuffer driver（pxafb.c） .................................................................. 66
附錄C pxafb.h ............................................................................................................ 69
附錄D Keypad driver（android_keypad.c） ......................................................... 70
附錄E Touch driver（ucb1400_ts.c） .................................................................... 80
附錄F init.rc ............................................................................................................... 85
附錄G linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/Makefile .......................................................... 91
附錄H linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/arch/arm/Makefile ......................................... 92
附錄I linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/arch/arm/configs/android_pxa270_defconfig 9
3
附錄J linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/arch/arm/kernel/head.S ............................... 103
附錄K linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/arch/arm/mach-pxa/clock.c ......................... 104
附錄L linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/arch/arm/mach-pxa/irq.c ............................. 105
附錄M linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig .............................. 106
附錄N linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/drivers/i2c/chips/Makefile ........................... 107
附錄O linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig ................. 108
附錄P linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/drivers/input/keyboard/Makefile ............... 109
附錄Q linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1/include/linux/config.h .................................. 110
附錄R mydroid/cdma-import/build/core/definitions.mk ...................................... 111
附錄S mydroid/cdma-import/external/sqlite/dist/Android.mk........................... 112
附錄T mydroid/cdma-import/frameworks/base/core/jni/server/com_android_ser
ver_BatteryService.cpp ............................................................................... 113
附錄U mydroid/cdma-import/hardware/libhardware/power/power.c ............... 115
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附錄V 建立Android 執行環境的操作步驟 ........................................................... 116
附錄W Android 相關的參考資料 ............................................................................ 117
作者簡介 ...................................................................................................................... 119

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