臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究背景：就業對於身心障礙者而言為一重要課題，身心障礙者就業不僅能增加收入，還能增進其社交互動，並使其有更多機會回歸和融入主流社會。但過去研究亦發現，身心障礙勞工在職場上容易因為健康狀況、體能、和社交溝通等問題而限制其於工作環境中之表現。過去研究大多以問卷調查或訪談了解身心障礙勞工於職場之表現，缺乏以一致性之評估方式評估其工作能力，並且缺少探討其他可能影響工作能力之因子之相關研究。研究目的：了解身心障礙勞工之工作狀況與工作能力，以及比較身心障礙與非身心障礙勞工之工作能力的差異，並進一步探討身心障礙勞工之工作能力的可能影響因素。研究方法：本研究為橫斷式研究。本研究利用行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所於九十九年度委託王子娟等學者進行之「中高齡勞工工作能力指標資料庫建立之研究」的資料庫進行分析，包含健康狀況和中文版工作能力指數等參數，另外於行政院主計處於同年進行之「人力資源調查」中取得人口學和工作相關參數。最後共有458位身心障礙勞工(70%男性、46±12歲、56%肢體障礙者)納入分析，另外選取880位年齡-性別-行業別-教育程度配對之非身心障礙勞工以進行比較。本研究分別以獨立樣本t檢定和卡方檢比較身心障礙與非身心障礙勞工之工作狀況與工作能力差異，另外，分別以單因子變異數分析和類別變項以卡方檢定比較不同障別之身心障礙勞工的工作狀況與工作能力差異。此外，利用單變項及多變項分析找出工作能力指標重要影響因素。研究結果：身心障礙勞工從事之職業以機械設備操作工及組裝工、和服務工作人員及售貨員最多。身心障礙勞工之工作能力指數分數平均為37±6 (總分7-49)，顯著低於非身心障礙勞工(41±5)；若以不同障別與非身心障礙勞工相較，其中以肢體障礙、重要器官失去功能、聽覺機能障礙、慢性精神病患和其他障別之工作能力指數均顯著低於非身心障礙勞工(34±6~38±6 v.s. 41±5)，智能障礙與非身心障礙勞工間並無顯著差異(39±5 v.s. 41±5)；而不同障別間則以肢體障礙、聽覺機能障礙、智能障礙和其他障別工作能力指數顯著高於慢性精神病患。如依臺灣工作能力指數全國常模劃分，有45.4%之身心障礙勞工工作能力指數等級為弱，普通、良及優之比例各為34.1、15.9、4.6%，相較於非身心障礙勞工，身心障礙勞工之工作能力分級弱者之比例顯著較高。單變項分析結果顯示年齡、教育程度、婚姻、睡眠狀況、吸菸習慣、健康狀況、和身心障礙類別皆為身心障礙勞工之工作能力指數和工作能力指數分級的重要影響因素。線性複回歸分析顯示年齡、教育程度、健康狀況、睡眠狀況、身心障礙類別和吸菸習慣可以共同解釋身心障礙勞工工作能力指數45.5%的變異量；邏輯式回歸分析結果則顯示健康狀況、睡眠狀況和吸菸習慣可共同解釋身心障礙勞工中工作能力指數分級弱者相對於普通以上者26%的變異量，其中，健康狀況不好者之工作能力為弱的機率是健康狀況普通以上者之2.37(95%CI=1.14-4.90)倍，睡眠狀況愈好者之工作能力為弱之機率是睡眠狀況愈差者之0.87(95%CI =0.78-0.98)倍；每天吸菸超過1包者工作能力為弱之機率是沒有吸菸者之5.14(95%CI =1.53-17.28)倍。結論：本研究結果發現身心障礙勞工之平均工作能力仍較相同性別-年齡-職務別-教育程度之非身心障礙勞工者差，但並非所有障別者皆有明顯差異，不同障別間之工作能力亦有所差異。由本研究針對身心障礙勞工工作能力之影響因素的結果可知，應該更加注意身心障礙勞工之自覺健康狀況，加以提升其生理、心理、和社交健康，改善可能因症狀導致之睡眠狀況不佳，協助吸菸者戒除吸菸習慣，適時依其身體狀況彈性調整工作內容或予以環境上之輔助，以提升其工作能力。

Background: For the disability, employment is an important issue for them, especially for the adulthood in their nearly future. Employment could not only have economic benefits, but also improve their social skills and integrate them into mainstream society. Studies pointed out that some problems, such as health, fitness, social communication, and so on, might be easily encountered by workers with disability in work places, which usually limited their working performance. Based on primarily self-reported assessment in the previous studies, which being lack of uniformed and adjusted confounders, however, it remains to be questioned whether the workers with disability really have poorer work ability than those without disability. Objective: To investigate the work ability by using work ability index (WAI) and work-related characteristics among workers with disability, and to compare the differences of work ability between workers with and without disability, and to identify factors affecting their work ability. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The data used in this study originated from part of “survey for perception of safety and health in the work environment in Taiwan combined with Chinese version of WAI in 2010” and “Manpower Survey in 2010”. A total of 458 workers with disability (70%male, 46±12 years, and 56%physical disability) were included in this study, and 880 age-sex-job-and-education matched workers without disability were also included for comparison. Independent t test and chi-square test were used to compare the differences of work ability index scores and work-related characteristics between workers with and without disability. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the contributing factors of work ability among workers with disability. Results: The mean WAI among workers with disability (37±6) was significantly lower than those without disability (41±5). Among workers with disabiltiy, workers with major organs impairment and psychiatric disability had significantly lower WAI than workers without disability but no significance was found between those with intellectual disability (39±5) and non-disability (41±5). According to the classification of WAI in Taiwan, there were 45.4% workers with disability ranked into poor level compared with 20.1% of workers without disability. Multivariate analyses showed that the contributing factors, such as age, education, sleeping disturbance, current health condition, could explain 45.5% variance of work ability index among workers with disability. And with poorer current health condition and smoking were increased the probability of poor work ability index level among the workers with disability (odds ratio=1.01~5.14, p&;lt;0.05). Conclusions: Our study found that the averaged work ability of the workers with disability was poorer than those without disability and most workers with disabiltiy were ranked as weak work ability, however, the work ability was different among different kinds of the disability. Also, according to our study, special attentions should paid to the promotion of work ability, such as by improving health condition, including physical, psychological and social health, modifying the work content, or giving assistances of work environment among workers with disability.

目錄 I
表目錄 III
圖目錄 IV
附錄 V
摘要 VI
Abstract IX
第一章、前言 1
第一節、研究背景 1
第二節、研究目的 2
第三節、研究假說 3
第四節、研究重要性 3
第五節、名詞釋義 3
第二章、文獻回顧 4
第一節、身心障礙勞工就業現況與就業困境 4
第二節、工作能力之評估方式 8
第三節、工作能力影響因素 14
第三章、研究方法 22
第一節、研究設計及架構 22
第二節、研究材料與研究對象 23
第三節、變項定義 27
第四節、資料處理與統計分析 32
第四章 結果 34
第一節、身心障礙勞工特性 34
第二節、身心障礙勞工之工作能力指數 37
第三節、不同障別身心障礙勞工特性 38
第四節、不同障別身心障礙勞工之工作能力指數 42
第五節、身心障礙勞工工作能力指數影響因素 45
第六節、身心障礙勞工工作能力指數等級之影響因素 48
第五章、討論 53
第一節、身心障礙勞工的特性 53
第二節、身心障礙與非身心障礙勞工工作能力之比較 55
第三節、身心障礙勞工之工作能力影響因素探討 62
第四節、研究應用 65
第五節、研究限制與未來研究建議 66
第六章、結論 67
參考文獻 68
表1、身心障礙及非身心障礙勞工之個人基本資料 75
表2、身心障礙及非身心障礙勞工之個人健康及健康行為 76
表3、身心障礙及非身心障礙勞工之工作相關基本資料 78
表5、身心障礙勞工不同障別間之個人基本資料 82
表6、身心障礙勞工不同障別間之個人健康及健康行為 83
表7、身心障礙勞工不同障別間之工作相關基本資料 85
表8、身心障礙勞工不同障別與非身心障礙勞工之工作能力指數平均分數 88
表9、身心障礙勞工不同障別與非身心障礙勞工之工作能力指數分類 89
表10、身心障礙勞工工作能力指數之相關因子單變項分析：個人基本資料 90
表11、身心障礙勞工工作能力指數之相關因子單變項分析：個人健康及健康行為 91
表12、身心障礙勞工工作能力指數之相關因子單變項分析：個人工作相關資料 92
表13、身心障礙勞工之工作能力指數相關因子複迴歸分析a 93
表14、身心障礙勞工工作能力指數分級之相關因子單變項分析：個人基本資料 94
表15、身心障礙勞工工作能力指數分級（二）之相關因子單變項分析：個人健康及健康行為 95
表16、身心障礙勞工工作能力指數分級（二）之相關因子單變項分析：個人工作相關資料 96
表17、身心障礙勞工工作能力指數分級相關因子多重邏輯迴歸分析 97
圖 1、工作能力理論模型 9
圖 2、探討身心障礙勞工之工作能力及其可能影響因素之研究架構 22
圖 3、研究流程 23
附錄 一、人力資源調查表 98
附錄 二、全國工作環境安全衛生狀況認知調查 100
附錄 三、「工作能力指數」評分方式 110

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