臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣本土的獨特菌種牛樟芝( Antrodia camphorata )是新開發出的健康食品，野生樟芝瀕臨絕種取得不易，價格極為價格昂貴，至今已列為保育類植物。民間研發出人工液態菌絲體栽培樟芝，多數學者是使用液態發酵的樟芝菌絲體作為研究材料。固體栽培是新開發出來栽培技術，運用此法培育出的樟芝，較接近於野生型態的樟芝，預期其較具有和天然樟芝相似的療效，故本研究採用固體栽培樟芝為研究材料。
目前樟芝的成分、生理活性尚在分析當中，有效成份的研究以多醣類( polysaccharides )與三帖類( triterpenoids )為研究主流，已有文獻指出樟芝多醣具有增強免疫與抗癌之效、而本研究探討樟芝特有的豐富三帖成分對抗變異影響與抑制血小板凝集的情形。
本研究採生物檢定法安姆氏沙門氏菌試驗( Ames test )進行抗氧化變異效能的探討，使用菌株Salmonella typhimurium TA102作為測試菌種，佐以自由基過氧化氫( hydrogen peroxide )、羥基自由基與致突變劑茴香素( Cumene hydroperoxide )等致變原，探測甲醇萃取的樟芝三帖，是否具有預想的自由基清除之抗變異功效。本研究結果發現，當樟芝萃取物濃度為15mg/ml、10mg/ml時，對過氧化氫、羥基自由基清除與抑制其致突變效率在與對照組相較後，結果達統計上顯著抑制效果，求得其IC50約為10mg/ml、14mg/ml、6mg/ml。
在血小板凝集試驗中，甲醇萃取樟芝的濃度為7.5μg/ml、11.5μg/ml、15μg/ml時，可抑制膠原蛋白( collagen 1μg/ml )引發的凝集現象，抑制百分比為59.13 ± 3.82、64.27 ± 7.84、96.22 ± 3.44，樟芝有效成份會抑制collagen所造成的血小板細胞內鈣離子的增加現象，而減少血小板凝集狀況，其抑制效果隨著甲醇萃取樟芝的濃度增加而提高。

Antrodia camphorata, an unique species in Taiwan growing on the wood of Cinnamomum kanehirai, is a kind of newly-developed health food. The wild type of Antrodia camphorata is on the verge of extinction and is hardly to acquire so the price is scorchingly high as well. Nowadays it has already been listed as protective species. Antrodia camphorata has been developed in the culture through deep fermentation. And the majority of scientists study liquified deep fermentable mycelia of Antrodia camphorata as their research materials. On the contrary solid culture is a newly-developed technique. Antrodia camphorata cultivates by this method approximates to wild-type ones. We can expect it is similar to natural Antrodia camphorata in therapeutic effects. Thus, we used solid-cultured Antrodia camphorata as the research material in this study.
For the present the constituent and bioactivity of Antrodia camphorata is still in the analysis. And now researches in polysaccharides and triterpenoids are mainstream of in effective constituent. There have been some medical references pointing out polysaccharides have effected on strengthening human immunity and resisting cancers. This study explored the methanol extracts of Antrodia camphorata effected on anti-mutation and anti-aggregation.
This study adopted Ames test, a kind of bioassay, to explore the effects against oxidative mutation. We used Salmonella typhimurium TA102 as the test strain. Besides, we used hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl free radicals and cumene hydroperoxide as mutagens to explore whether triterpenoids extracted by methanol have expectant effects on free radical scavenging. The result of this study is as follows： The suppression ratios of the treatment of Antrodia camphorata methanol extracts at 15 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml were statistically significant with control. Our study found out the IC50 were 10 mg/ml, 14 mg/ml, 6mg/ml separately while we treated hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl free radicals and cumene hydroperoxide as mutagens.
In platelet aggregation assay, when the extract concentration of Antrodia camphorata were 7.5 μg/ml, 11.5 μg/ml, 15 μg/ml, they can inhibit agglutination induced by collagen (1μg/ml). The inhibitive percentages were 59.13±3.82%, 64.27±7.84%, 96.22±3.44% separtatately. The effective constituent of Antrodia camphorata can inhibit intracellular Ca2+ mobilization which was induced by collagen, therefore it reduced platelet agglutination and the inhibition curves were rather dose-responsive.

第一章前言.................................................1
第一節研究背景.............................................1
第二節研究目的.............................................2
第三節樟芝功效.............................................3
第四節自由基與抗氧化變異...................................9
第六節血小板的凝集 ........................................17
第二章材料與方法..........................................20
第一節實驗材料............................................20
第二節變異原試驗實驗方法..................................27
第三節血小板凝集試驗實驗方法..............................32
第三章結果與討論..........................................35
第一節樟芝對沙門氏菌TA102變異正負面作用影響的認定.........35
第二節樟芝甲醇萃取物清除過氧化氫自由基之能力..............36
第三節樟芝甲醇萃取物清除羥基自由基之能力..................37
第四節樟芝甲醇萃取物抑制致突變劑茴香素誘發突變探討........38
第五節樟芝對血小板凝集反應影響............................38
第六節樟芝對血小板細胞內鈣離子濃度變化影響................39
第七節結論................................................40
第八節討論................................................41
參考文獻..................................................43
圖表......................................................49
附錄......................................................66

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