臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

ABSTRACT
For over half a century now, the People’s Republic of China (China) and the
Republic of China (Taiwan) have been engaged in a diplomatic rivalry whose main aim has been to seek international recognition and legitimacy. The genesis of this intense rivalry can be traced to the 1949 Chinese civil war which led Mainland China to claim to exert authority over all China, including Mainland China and Taiwan. However, Taiwan has intensified her own efforts to be recognized internationally as a sovereign state, refusing to accept that it is a de-facto Chinese province. Both China and Taiwan have been seeking to be recognized globally by sovereign nations in order to fulfill international legal
requirements regarding sovereignty for nation-states. Latin America has been one region where this diplomatic battle has been fiercely fought; with both Chinas investing a lot of resources in an attempt to woo nations there to recognize them. The importance of Latin America to both China and Taiwan can be underscored by the fact that it is in this region that Taiwan has the most diplomatic support, with about 12 of the 22 nations that recognize Taiwan being from Latin America. China, in view of this, has been seeking to isolate Taiwan in this region and assert its own influence there; while Taiwan has been seeking to extend, or at least maintain, its grip on the region. Official Development
Assistance (ODA), trade, and investments by both Chinas have characterized the main ways used to appeal to the nations in Latin America to support either of the two Chinas. By extension, China has been using its UN position to further isolate Taiwan, while the latter has been seeking the support of its Latin America allies to support its UN readmission bid.
By and large, it has been a complicated diplomatic battle which is bound to persist for many years to come.

ABSTRACT
For over half a century now, the People’s Republic of China (China) and the
Republic of China (Taiwan) have been engaged in a diplomatic rivalry whose main aim has been to seek international recognition and legitimacy. The genesis of this intense rivalry can be traced to the 1949 Chinese civil war which led Mainland China to claim to exert authority over all China, including Mainland China and Taiwan. However, Taiwan has intensified her own efforts to be recognized internationally as a sovereign state, refusing to accept that it is a de-facto Chinese province. Both China and Taiwan have been seeking to be recognized globally by sovereign nations in order to fulfill international legal
requirements regarding sovereignty for nation-states. Latin America has been one region where this diplomatic battle has been fiercely fought; with both Chinas investing a lot of resources in an attempt to woo nations there to recognize them. The importance of Latin America to both China and Taiwan can be underscored by the fact that it is in this region that Taiwan has the most diplomatic support, with about 12 of the 22 nations that recognize Taiwan being from Latin America. China, in view of this, has been seeking to isolate Taiwan in this region and assert its own influence there; while Taiwan has been seeking to extend, or at least maintain, its grip on the region. Official Development
Assistance (ODA), trade, and investments by both Chinas have characterized the main ways used to appeal to the nations in Latin America to support either of the two Chinas. By extension, China has been using its UN position to further isolate Taiwan, while the latter has been seeking the support of its Latin America allies to support its UN readmission bid.
By and large, it has been a complicated diplomatic battle which is bound to persist for many years to come.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ................................................ iii
Table of Contents ........................................iv
List of Tables and Figures .......................... vi
List of Acronyms .....................................vii
Chapter 1. Introduction......................................... 1
1.1 Research Background ............................................. 1
1.2 Research Motivation .......................... 6
1.3 Research Significance ..................... 8
1.4 Research Aim and Objectives ........ 10
1.5 Research Questions.................................. 11
1.6 Thesis Structure ............................. 11
Chapter 2. Literature Review.......................... 13
2.1 Theoretical Background .......................... 13
2.2 Theoretical Framework ........................ 13
2.3 The Constructivism Theory of International Relations: an Overview ...... 14
2.4 Related Researches ............................. 15
2.5 China’s Economic Ties with Taiwan.............. 16
2.6 China Diplomacy: Soft power in a Hard Place? ...... 20
2.7 The Diplomatic Triangle: China, Taiwan, and the US ..... 23
2.8 China’s Rise to Economic Prowess: Shifts in Diplomatic relations....... 25
Chapter 3. Methodology .......................... 29
3.1 Research Instruments and Sources of Data ............... 29
3.2 Data Analysis .......................................... 30
3.3 Reliability and Validity of Data ................31
3.4 Research Scope and Limitations .............. 31
Chapter 4. The Importance of Latin America to China and Taiwan .... 32
4.1 Introduction ........................................32
4.2 Latin America as a Strategic Region .................. 33
4.3 China’s Historical Involvement in Latin America ...............36
4.4 Latin America’s Commercial Benefits................ 40
4.5 Naval Interests .........................................45
Chapter 5. China-Taiwan Political Rivalry in Latin America .........47
5.1 Introduction ...........................................47
5.2 The Diplomatic Relations Front ............47
5.3 The Semi-Official Relations Front ................ 51
5.4 The UN Front ...................................58
5.4.1 China’s Use of Veto Powers.................. 61
5.4.2 China and Dumping Allegations ............ 63
5.4.3 In Pursuit of Soft Power? .................. 70
5.5 The Regional Organizations Front ......... 71
Chapter 6. China-Taiwan Diplomatic War as Fought Using Economic Weapons...... 74
6.1 Introduction to Foreign Aid and Dollar Diplomacy..................74
6.2 Chinese and Taiwanese Aid to Latin America .......................75
6.3 Trade and Investment as Foreign Policy Tool ....................80
Chapter 7. Implications and Prospects of the Diplomatic Rivalry..... 83
7.1 Implications of the Rivalry ....................... 83
7.1.1 Changes in Trade Patterns ................... 83
7.1.2 Changes in Regional Balance of Power ............85
7.1.3 The Growing China Threat in Latin America .......88
7.1.4 Increased Chinese Investment ......... 93
7.2 Prospects of the Diplomatic Rivalry ...............94
7.2.1 Trade and Investment Issues .............95
7.2.2 Changes in the Balance of Power .............. 104
Chapter 8. Conclusion .................................. 106
8.1 Summary of Research Findings ................. 106
Bibliography............................. 111
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 3.2 Components of Research Design .............. 31
Table 7.2.1.1 China’s FDI in some Latin American states between 1990 and 2009......... 108
Table 7.2.1.2 Variations in Chinese FDI between Latin American states allied with China
(PRC) and those allied with Taiwan (ROC). ................ 102
Figure 4.4.1 Contribution to world economic growth by the region between 2011-2021 ... 41
Figure 4.4.2 Trade flows between Asia and LATAM .................... 41
Figure 7.1.1.1 Latin America’s accumulated trade balances with China ....... 85
Figure 7.2.1.1 The leading five recipients of Chinese exports in 2004 ....... 97
Figure 7.2.1.2 China-Latin America trade between 2001 and 2010 ............ 98
Figure 7.2.1.3 Breakdown of the China-Latin America trade between 2001 and 2010 ...... 98
Figure 7.2.1.4 General Chinese FDI in Latin America showing differences between PRCaligned
states and ROC-aligned states .......... 102
Figure 7.2.1.5 Latin America’s major economies’ exports to China, the EU, and the US.................... 103

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