臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　基本控制點為各項工程之基礎，成果良窳將直接影響國家基本發展建設。台灣大地基準TWD97(Taiwan Geodetic Datum 1997)建置至今歷經上級參考框架改變、突發性地震及不均勻性的地殼變動之影響，其建立時的系統精度是否依然保持良好值得探討。本文蒐集2002-2004年3年的國內外追蹤站、精密星曆等觀測資料，及IGS組織提供的每週全球追蹤站坐標和滿秩的變方-協變方矩陣SINEX成果，藉以建立嚴密架構於上級參考框架ITRF2000下之台灣追蹤站坐標與速度場，並利用不受地震影響及不均勻性地殼變動之追蹤站計算TWD97&ITRF2000兩框架於相同時刻之轉換參數。
　　分析成果顯示，1999年921地震之後，ITRF2000框架下各追蹤站之速度量僅有陽明山(YMSM)、金門(KMNM)與馬祖(MZUM)三個追蹤站與TWD97系統建置時之速度場差異較為一致，故透過此三追蹤站計算由TWD97(參考ITRF94框架) 轉至ITRF2000之框架轉換參數。平面N、E方向轉換參數分別為-1.66±0.66 cm與7.56±0.64 cm，高程U方向為-6.12±0.85 cm；平面N、E方向速度平移轉換參數分別為-0.44±0.04 cm/yr與-0.50±0.04 cm/yr，高程U方向變化速率則為2.36±0.05 cm/yr。

　　The geodetic control stations are the foundation of engineering, and the qualities of stations have a great effect upon capital constructions of the country. Since Taiwan Datum 1997(TWD97) was constructed at the 1997 year, TWD97 has been influenced by the transformation of International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), sudden earthquakes, and instable crustal motions. Therefore it is worth discussing the maintenance of the precisions of TWD97 up to now. This research collects the GPS observations of Taiwan tracking stations and of IGS tracking stations between 2002 and 2004 years, precise ephemeris, and the IGS weekly SINEX results included coordinates and full variance-covariance matrix of IGS global tracking stations. By combining with these data, we acquire the coordinates and velocities of Taiwan tracking stations under ITRF2000, and we compute the transformation parameters between ITRF94(referred by the TWD97) and ITRF2000 by using tracking stations which were not influenced by earthquakes and instable crustal motions.
　　The analysis results show that the difference of velocities of Taiwan tracking stations under ITRF2000 and under TWD97 is only identical with YMSM, KMNM, and MZUM. Therefore, the three stable tracking stations are used to be common stations in order to compute the transformation of seven parameters between ITRF2000 and TWD97. The plane shift parameter of North and Earth is about -1.66±0.66 cm and 7.56±0.64 cm, and the vertical shift parameter is about -6.12±0.85 cm. As well as the variation of velocity of North is -0.44±0.04 cm/yr, of Earth is -0.50±0.04 cm/yr, and of vertical is about 2.36±0.05 cm/yr.

中文摘要………………………………..…………………………….....…..Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………..….…..Ⅱ
致謝…………………………………………………………………….…... Ⅲ
目錄……………………………………………………………………...….IⅤ
表目錄………………………………………………………………..…......ⅤI
圖目錄……………………………………………………………..…….....VII

第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………...1
§ 1–1 前言………….…………………………………………...……1
§ 1–2 文獻回顧….…………………………………….……………..3
§ 1–3 研究動機與目的……………………….…………….………..4
§ 1–4 研究方法……………………………………….……………...5
第二章 GPS定位基礎與坐標系統………...………………………………7
§ 2–1 GPS定位原理…………………………………………….…...7
§ 2–2 GPS大地網平差模式………………………….……………...9
§ 2–2–1 單基線法(Single Baseline)平差模式……...……...…10
§ 2–2–2 多測站法(Multi-Station)平差模式………..……...…10
§ 2–2–3 多測站-多時段(Multistation-multisessiong)….......…11
§ 2–3 大地基準之定義與運用…………………………….……….12
§ 2–3–1 大地基準…………………………….…………....…12
§ 2–3–2 參考系統與參考框架……………………....…….....12
§ 2–3–3 GPS衛星定位之參考系統……………..…...……....13
§ 2–3–4 國際參考框架ITRF………..…………..…...…….....15
§ 2–3–5 TWD97坐標系統…………..…………..…...…….....17
第三章 應用多測站多時段平差法進行GPS大地網計算………………20
§ 3–1 研究流程……………………………………………………..20
§ 3–2 多測站多時段整體平差……………………………………..24
§ 3–2–1 最小約制網平差原理………………………….........24
§ 3–2–2 最小約制條件………………………………….........26
§ 3–2–3 資料處理過程與參數設定…………………….........28
§ 3–2–4 SINEX資料處置及不同時段法方程式堆疊過程....30
§ 3–2–5 速度場之估計………………………………….........33
§ 3–3 框架轉換模式………………………….………………….…35
第四章 實驗成果與分析…………….………………………………..…..38
§ 4–1 實驗資料與來源…………………………………………........38
§ 4–2 每日最小約制網處理成果…………………………................43
§ 4–2–1 最小約制點位選擇源由………………………….....43
§ 4–2–2 國內衛星追蹤站每日最小約制網成果……….........44
§ 4–3台灣與IGS每週法方程式結合成果.……………….………..53
§ 4–4 ITRF2000與TWD97間之轉換模式與精度評估……………62
§ 4–4–1 ITRF2000與TWD97框架下各追蹤站之比較…....62
§ 4–4–2 參考框架轉換參數之計算……………..…………...66
§ 4–4–2 - 1 Bursa-Wolf(BW)模式……….………………67
§ 4–4–2 - 2 Molodensky-Badekas(MB)模式……….……68
第五章 結論與建議 …………………………………………….………71
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………….73

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