英文部分
Chen, E., Martin, A.D.,& Matthews, K. A.(2006). socioeconomicstatus and health：Do gradients differ within childhood and adolescence? Soc Sci Med, 62(9),2161-2170.
Chattopadhyay, A. and Marsh, R. (1999) Changes in living arrangement and familial support for the elderly in Taiwan: 1963-1991, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 30(3): 523-537.
De Vos, S., and Y. J. Lee. (1993). “Change in Extended Family Living among Elderly People in South Korea,1970-1980.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 41(2):377-393.
Dwyer, J.W., & Raymond, T.C.(1991).A Multivariate Comparison of the Involvement of Adult Sons Versus Daughters in the Care of Impaired Parents. Journals of Gerontology, 46, S259-269
Dominguez-Berjon, F., Borrell, C., Rodriguez-Sanz, M., & Pastor, V. (2006). The usefulness of area-based socioeconomic meacures to monitor social inequalities in health in southern europe. Eur J Public Health, 16(1),54-61.
Finch, J. & Mason, J.(1990) Filial obligations and kin support for elderly people. Aging and Society,10,151-175.
Krieger, N.,Chen, J.T.,& Ebel, G.(1997). Can we monitor socioeconomic inequalities in health? A survey of u. S. Health departments’ data collection and reporting practices. Public Health Rep, 112(6), 481-491.
Kennedy, L. W. and D. W. Stokes (1982) “Extended Family Support and the High Cost of Housing,” Journal ofMarriage and the Family, 44(2): 311-318.
Lee,Y.J.,&Willis,R.(1994). Sons, Daughters and Intergeneration Support in Taiwan.American Journal of Sociology,99(4),1010-1041.
Litwak, Eugene. (1985). Helping the Elderly: The Complementary Roles of Informal Networks and Formal Systems. New York: Guilford Press
Lopata, H. Z.(1973). Self-identity in Marriage and Widowhood. Sociological Quarterly,14,407-418.
Morgan, S. P. and K. Hirosima(1983) “The Persistence of Extended Family Residence in Japan: Anachronism or Alternative Strategy?” American Sociological Review, 48(2): 269-281.
Montgomery, J. Rhonda (1992) “Gender Differences in Paterns of Child-Parent Caregiving
Mutran, E.,& Reitzes,C.D.(1984). Intergenerational Support Activities and Well-Being Among the Elderly：A Convergence of Exchange and Symbolic Interaction Perspectives. American Sociological Review,49,117-130.
Qureshi, H. & Walker, A.(1989) “Patterns of Caring.” The Caring Relationship：Elderly People and their Families. London：Macmillan.
Qureshi, H.,& Walker,A.(1989). The Caring Relationship-Elderly People and their Families. London：Macmillan.
Rossi, A. S.,& Rossi,P.H.(1990).Of human bonding: Parent-child relations across the life course. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Winkleby ,M.A., Jatulis, D. E.,Frank,E., & Fortmann, S.P.(1992). Socioeconomic status and health：How education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Am J Public Health,82(6),816-820
中文部分
石 泱（2009）。不同居住型態老人社會支持與生活適應影響因素之研究。東吳社會工作學報，第21期，第7-54頁。
行政院經濟建設委員會 (2008) 中華民國台灣97年至145年人口推計報告。 http://www.cepd.gov.tw/dn.aspx?uid=5821
行政院內政部統計處http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/survey.aspx
行政院主計處（2003）。91 年度社會發展趨勢調查─家庭生活，主計處中部辦公室網站： http://www129.tpg.gov.tw/mbas/society/index.html。
伊慶春、陳玉華 (1998):奉養父母方式與未來奉養態度之關聯。人口學刊，19：1-32沈慶盈 (2005）。「因應高齡化社會之福利政策方向」。《社區發展季刊》，110，142-157李宜家 (2003)。地區剝奪程度，個人社經地位與台灣男性成人的吸菸行為。台灣公共衛生雜誌，22(1)；10-16林如萍 (1996) 老年人與成年人子女之代間關係-代間交換研究。中華家政，25，77-85。林松齡（1993）老人社會支持來源與老人社會需求：兼論四個社會支持模式，載於王國羽主編，社會安全問題之探討(pp.265-289)。嘉義：中正大學。
林招禎 (2010)養不起的未來-高齡、少子化對台灣勞工老年經濟安全制度之衝擊與改革建議http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/jw!Mpyt1gWFGBJWge3YqAmfng- /article?mid=2847
邱月雲、陳素春（2006）老人福利法規及老人福利政策發展趨勢。律師雜誌，第326期，第19-26頁。