臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

“重返亞洲政策”是歐巴馬第一任期的美國主要對外政策，這個政策重視美
國與亞太地區深層次的安全，經濟和外交的盟友和夥伴關係，在研究重返
亞洲政策的文獻中，台灣的角色定位一直被存疑，甚至被懷疑是否包含在
此政策內。本論文主要利用社會觀念因素分析美台關係，研究在美國對台
政策來回答這個問題，並分析相關安全，經濟和外交方面的數據，分析顯
示，在歐巴馬的第一次四年任期中，美國試圖擴大與台灣的經濟和外交聯
繫，並維持與台灣的安全關係，美國強調其作為一個建設性的地區大國，
致力於建立積極的雙邊和多邊關係，建構自己的 “太平洋國家”身分認同
讓美國有更大的彈性來制定台灣政策，特別是安全策略，並且更能夠有立
場支持加強與中國關係的台灣政策。美國對台政策表明，重返亞洲政策建
構了一個社會共識，即是承認中國是亞洲發展的核心，中國也試圖盡可能
保持與美國相關的夥伴更深入合作。而台灣也因為與美國共享集體認同，
抑制了其從事統一的追求，重返亞洲政策的敘述，及美國對台政策的社會
事實，都可以給北京作為美國不尋求遏制中國的政策證據，從而塑造對美
國與中國關係未來的可能性。

A major component of US foreign policy during the first Obama administration was the “rebalancing to the Asia-Pacific.” Rebalancing sought to place emphasis in US foreign policy on the Asia-Pacific region through deeper security, economic and diplomatic ties with regional allies and partners. In the literature on Taiwan’s role in the rebalancing, some have questioned if Taiwan has been strongly included. Analyses attempting to answer this question have focused primarily on the material aspects of the US-Taiwan relationship. This thesis seeks to add to the literature on US rebalancing by examining the social-ideational factors at play in US Taiwan policy. Data related to the security, economic, and diplomatic aspects of US Taiwan Policy is analyzed. The analysis suggests that during the four years of President Obama’s first administration, the US attempted to grow its economic and diplomatic links with Taiwan, and also to maintain its security relationship with Taiwan. America’s construction of its “Pacific nation” identity, a feature of rebalancing, has allowed the US greater flexibility in forming its Taiwan policy, particularly in regards to security policy. This has been accomplished by emphasizing the US role as a constructive regional power focused on building positive bilateral and multilateral relations. This construction has led the US to be supportive of Taiwan’s policy of enhancing ties with China. US Taiwan policy shows that rebalancing constructs a social discourse which acknowledges China’s central role in the development of Asia, and attempts to maintain as much US relevancy as possible through deeper engagement with its partners. Taiwan is also inhibited from pursuing unification due to the aspects of collective identity it shares with the US. The narrative of rebalancing, and the social facts of US Taiwan policy, can serve as evidence to Beijing that the US is not pursuing a policy of containment of China, thus shaping the future possibilities for US-China relations.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Purpose 2
1.3 Literature Review 5
1.3.1 In Favor of a Change on US Taiwan Policy 5
1.3.2 In Opposition to a Change in US Taiwan Policy 8
1.3.3 Defining US Rebalancing 10
1.3.4 US Rebalancing and Taiwan: Scholarly Sources 13
1.4 Research Approach 16
1.5 Research Method 22
1.6 Research Limitation 22
1.7 Chapter Arrangement 24

Chapter 2: The Security Relationship 28
2.1 Taiwan as a US National Security Interest 29
2.2 Material Support for Taiwan 31
2.3 The United States as a Pacific Nation 35
2.4 US Pacific Nation Identity and Taiwan 37
2.5 US-Taiwan Collective Identity: Common Fate 38
2.6 US-Taiwan Collective Identity: Self-Restraint 41
2.7 US Support for Ma’s China Policies 42
2.8 Democracy and Security 45
2.9 ‘Reality Constraints’ in US-Taiwan Relations 46
2.9.1 Taiwan’s Domestic Pressure and Politics 47
2.9.2 US Obstacles to Arms Sales 48

Chapter 3: Playing Asia’s Economic Game 53
3.1 Constructivist Interdependence 55
3.2 Taiwan: A Distinctly Asian US Economic Partner 57
3.3 The United States as an Asia-Pacific Economic Player 59
3.4 US Rebalancing and Taiwan’s Economic Role in the Asia-Pacific 61
3.5 US Support for Taiwan’s Regional Economic Integration 63
3.6 The Beef Issue and TIFA 65
3.7 The Trans-Pacific Partnership 67
3.8 Limits to Taiwan’s Economic Integration with China 71
3.9 US-China Relations and Restraint on Taiwan 77

Chapter 4: Focusing on the Feasible: US Diplomacy toward Taiwan 80
4.1 Largely Omitted in Public, Largely Included in Private 82
4.2 Homogeneity Between the US and Taiwan 85
4.3 High Level Visits 88
4.4 The Material Fruits of Diplomacy 89
4.4.1 Visa Waiver Program 90
4.4.2 Revised Diplomatic Rules 91
4.5 Support for International Status and Participation 92
4.6 US Position on Ma’s Diplomacy and Reelection 94

Chapter 5: Conclusion 98
5.1 The Current State of US-Taiwan Relations 100
5.2 Finlandization 102
5.2.1 US Position on Taiwan’s Current Direction 104
5.3 The New Type Relationship: A Test for Constructivism 107
5.4 Taiwan’s role in the New Type of Great Power Relationship 110
5.5 Final Conclusion 111

References 119

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