本研究為建構臺灣本土化高層建築行人風場環境影響之評估標準。應用國內最大風洞實驗室所提供寬廣空間與穩定風速以評估在不同風速與情境下之人體受風反應，並以語意評估方式建立不舒適指標探討在風洞內不同風速與活動情境下行人之不舒適程度，研究採用韋伯機率密度函數界定各活動等級風速所能容許出現之機率值。研究結果顯示評估準則之區域使用特性：長時間停留、短時停留、行走、不舒適及危險等5級，各分級之陣風風速上限值7.8 m/s、10.8m/s、12.7m/s、14.4m/s，其容許出現機率分別為：0.06%、0.09%、0.32%、1.24%。
為釐清裙樓高層建築物與相鄰連棟式低矮建築物之街谷內行人風場特性，於風洞實驗室內模擬市郊地況來流，以不同街谷寬度、裙樓高度及來流風攻角進行地表附近風速量測。研究結果顯示在順風向時，街谷內的風場受裙樓高度主導，裙樓高度越高街谷內風場速度越高，且街谷寬度由小到大可分成阻抗流場、交互作用流場及獨立流場等3種型態，風攻角為正22.5度時在街谷上游及下游均有高風速區域，正45度時則高風速區域出現在街谷下游。風攻角為負22.5度或45度時，風場受裙樓阻擋，裙樓高度越高則高風速區域面積越小，反之，裙樓高度越低則高風速區域面積越大。
對於併列式高層建築下游街谷風場特性，本研究經由CFD定性討論及風洞試驗定量分析歸納出當S/D≦0.75時稱之為順向流場，當S/D≧1.5時為逆向流場，流場特性完全與順向流場相反，當0.75＜S/D＜1.5時，流場型態未完全符合前述兩項者，稱之為過渡流場。下游街谷環境風場之最佳模式為主建築物高度H=3D(建築物高度60m)以下且通道寬度S=1.125D(通道寬度為22.5m)。當主建築物高度H=3D以上且通道寬度S〉1.125D時為「環境強風高風險區域」；當主建築物高度H=3D以上且通道寬度S〈1.125D時為「環境弱風高風危險區域」。
綜合前述，我國對於高層建築物所產生風場可能對行人有所危害，已有明文規定高層結構體應有適當的評估和改善對策，惟法規未制訂相對應的評估準則，本研究為補此不足研訂完成本土化的行人風場評估準則。裙樓高層建築及併列式高層建築物係國內常見但相關研究較少之高層建築型態，為進一步探討與其相鄰街谷之行人環境風場特性，採用風洞試驗及CFD數值模擬，歸納出街谷流場屬性，可供建築設計前置作業或都市設計審議有關風環境影響評估之重要參據。

The study complement the shortage of the regulations and establish accetpable criteria, the study conducted human wind reaction rests in wind tunnel lab. Meanwhile, the high-rise building with a podium and the parallel high-rise building are common building geometries in Taiwan. The wind tunnel experiment and CFD simulation are conducted to discuss the street canyon around above mentioned high-rise buildings pedestrian level wind characteristics and try to figure out the flow types in the street canyons and how to layout may be benefit to wind environments.

第一章 緒論 1
1-1　研究背景 1
1-2　研究目的 3
1-3　研究方法與流程 4
1-3-1 研究方法 4
1-3-2 研究流程 5
第二章 理論背景與文獻回顧 6
2-1 前言 6
2-2 理論背景 6
2-2-1 大氣邊界層 6
2-2-2 風洞試驗原理 9
2-3 文獻回顧 13
2-3-1 行人風場評估準則比較分析 13
2-3-2 街谷通道行人風場特性分析 17
第三章 受風感受試驗建立本土化行人風場風評估準則 21
3-1　前言 21
3-2　本土化「行人風場評估準則」建構方法 21
3-2-1　評估準則考量因子 22
3-2-2　人體受風感受試驗規劃 24
3-2-3　試驗分析方法 26
3-3　試驗結果整理與分析 28
3-3-1　風速上限之決定 28
3-3-2　迴歸統計與變異數分析 30
3-3-3　風速容許發生機率界定 31
3-4　小結 32
第四章 裙樓高層建築物相鄰街谷內行人風場特性探討 35
4-1　前言 35
4-2　研究方法 35
4-2-1 儀器設備 35
4-2-2 實驗模型 37
4-2-3 地表風速計(Irwin Probe) 38
4-3　試驗結果與討論 39
4-3-1　街谷寬度對街谷行人風場之影響 39
4-3-2　裙樓高度對街谷行人風場之影響 42
4-3-3　風攻角對街谷內行人風場之影響 44
4-4　小結 48
第五章 併列式高層建築物下游街谷行人風場特性探討 49
5-1　前言 49
5-2　研究方法 49
5-2-1　試驗情境 49
5-2-2　風洞試驗 50
5-2-3　數值模擬 53
5-3　分析與討論 55
5-3-1 主建築物通道寬(S)對下游街谷風場特性影響探討 56
5-3-2 主建築物縱向間距(L)對下游街谷風場性影響探討 59
5-3-3　主建築物高度(H)對下游街谷風場特性影響探討 65
5-4 數值模擬與風洞試驗結果比對 75
5-5 應用評估準則探討行人環境風場特性 80
第六章 結論與建議 85
6-1　結論 85
6-2　建議 87
參考文獻 89

1.郭建源、曾俊達、何明錦、黎益肇，以受風感受試驗建立高層建築行人風場評估準則之研究，臺灣建築學會「建築學報」（TSSCI），2015年10月7日接受(未刊登)。
2.丁育群、朱佳仁（2000）。高層建築物風場環境評估準則研議。內政部建築研究所研究報告。新北市：內政部建築研究所。
3.朱佳仁（2006）。風工程概論。台北市：科技圖書。
4.林建宏、苗君易（2000）。建築模型在不同紊流強度及攻角下氣動力特性之研究。內政部建築研究所研究報告。新北市：內政部建築研究所。
5.莊月璇（2001）。台灣地區風速機率分佈之研究。未出版之碩士論文。國立中央大學土木工程研究所，桃園市。
6.邱皓政(2010)。量化研究與統計分析。台北市：五南圖書。
7.建築物耐風設計規範與解說，內政部(民國96年)
8.新北市政府板橋江翠北側重劃區都市設計審議原則，新北市政府(民國102年)
9.Chien-Yuan Kuo , Chun-Ta Tzeng, Ming-Chin Ho and Chi-Ming Lai, Wind Tunnel Studies of a Pedestrian-Level Wind Environment in a Street Canyon between a High-Rise Building with a Podium and Low-Level Attached Houses, Energies(SCI) ,2015, 8(10), 10942-10957
10.Chien-Yuan Kuo, Chun-Ta Tzeng ,Yi-Chao Li , A Study of building geometry to improve Pedestrian level wind around high-rise buildings, Brisbane Australia, 5-9 May 2013
11.Aynsley R.M. (1989) , Politics of pedestrian level urban wind control. , Building and Environment,24(4),291-295.
12.Durgin F.H., ( 1997), Pedestrian level Wind Criteria Using the Equivalent average, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 66, 215-226.
13.Hunt J. C. R., Coulton P E., and Mumford, J. C. ( 1976). The Effects of Wind on People; New Criteria Based on Wind Tunnel Experiments, Building and Environment, 11, 15-28.
14.Isyumov N., (1978), Studies of the Pedestrian Level Wind Environment at the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory of University of Western Ontario, Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics,3, 187-200.
15.Lawson T.V., and Penwarden A.D., (1976). The Effects of Wind on People in the Vicinity of Buildings, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures(pp. 605-622), United Kingdom.
16.Bottema M. (2000). A method for optimization of wind discomfort criteria, Building and Environment, 35, 1-18.
17.Murakami S., Iwasa Y., Morikawa Y..(1986). Study on acceptable Criteria For Assessing Wind Enviroment at Gorund Level Based on Residents’ Diaries., Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 24, 1-18.
18.Willemsen E., Wisse J.A., ( 2007). Design for wind comfort in the Netherlands: Procedures, criteria and open research Issues , Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 95, 1541-1550.
19.Blocken Bert and Carmeliet Jan, “Pedestrian Wind Environment around Building: literature Review and Practical Examples, Journal of Thermal Env.＆BLDG. SCI., Vol.28,No.2 October, 2004.
20.To, A.P.; Lam, K.M. Evaluation of pedestrian-level wind environment around a row of tall buildings using a quartile-level wind speed descriptor. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 1995, 54,527–541.
21.Stathopoulos, T.; Wu, H.; Bédard, C. Wind environment around buildings: A knowledge-based approach. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 1992, 44, 2377–2388.
22.Blocken, B.; Carmeliet, J.; Stathopoulos, T. CFD evaluation of wind speed conditions in passages between parallel buildings-effect of wall function roughness modifications for the atmospheric boundary layer flow. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 2007, 95, 941–962.
23.Blocken, B.; Stathopoulos, T.; Carmeliet, J. Wind environmental conditions in passages between two long narrow perpendicular buildings. J. Aerosp. Eng. 2008, 21, 280–287.
24.Tsang, C.W.; Kwok, K.C.S.; Hitchcock, P.A. Wind tunnel study of pedestrian level wind environment around tall buildings: Effects of building dimensions, separation and podium. Build. Environ. 2012, 49, 167–181.
25.Gu, Z.L.; Zhang, Y.W.; Cheng, Y.; Lee, S.C. Effect of uneven building layout on air flow and pollutant dispersion in non-uniform street canyon. Build. Environ. 2011, 46, 2657–2665.
26.Hang, J.; Li, Y.; Sandberg, M.; Buccolieri, R.; Di Sabatino, S. The influence of building height variability on pollutant dispersion and pedestrian ventilation in idealized high-rise urban areas. Build. Environ. 2012, 56, 346–360.
27.Moon, K.; Hwang, J.M.; Kim, B.G.; Lee, C.; Choi, J.I. Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow and dispersion over a complex urban street canyon. Environ. Fluid Mech. 2014, 14, 1381–1403.
28.Ramponi, R.; Blocken, B.C.L.B.; Janssen, W.D. CFD simulation of outdoor ventilation of generic urban configurations with different urban densities and equal and unequal street widths. Build. Environ. 2015, 92, 152–166.
29.Wind Resistance Design Specifications and Commentary of Buildings; Ministry of the Interior: Taipei City, Taiwan, 2014. (in Chinese)
30.Irwin, H.P.A.H. A simple omnidirectional sensor for wind tunnel studies of pedestrian-level winds. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 1981, 7, 219–239.
31.Wu, H.; Stathopoulos, T. Further experiments on Irwin’s surface wind sensor. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 1994, 53, 441–452.
32.Soligo, M.J.; Irwin, P.A.; Willaims, C.J.; Schuyler, G.D. A comprehensive assessment of pedestrian comfort including thermal effects. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 1998, 77, 753–766.
33.Outdoor Human Comfort and Its Assessment; Technical Report for the Aerospace Division of American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE): Reston, VA, USA, 2004.
34.T.R. Oke, Street design and urban canopy layer climate, Energy and Buildings,11:103-113,1988.
35.Carl , D.M.,Tarbell,T.C., and Panofsky , H.A. “Profiles of Wind and temperature from towers over homogeneous terrain, J.Atmos. Sci.,30, pp.788-794. 1972.
36.Cermak, J. E. and Arya, S. P. S. “Problems of atmospheric shear flow and their laboratory simulation. Boundary Layer Meteorology, I, pp.40-60, 1970.
37.Cermak, J. E., “Application of fluid mechanics to wind engineering. A Freeman Scholar Lecture, ASME J.of Fluids Engineering, 97 , No.1, , pp.9-38, 1975
38.Cermak, J. E. and Arya, S. P. S., “Problems of atmospheric shear flow and their laboratory simulation, Boundary Layer Meteorology,), Vol. I, pp. 40-60, 1970.
39.Cook, N. J. “The designer’s guide to wind loading of building structures, Part I: Background, damage survey, wind data and structural classification, Building Research Establishment Report, London, Butterworths, 1985.
40.Davenport, A. G. “The relationship of wind structure to wind loading , Proceedings of the Symposium on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, Vol.1, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U. K., HMSO, London, , pp.53-102, 1965.
41.Davenport, A.G., “An Approach to Human Comfort Criteria for Environmental Wind Conditions, Colloquium on Building Climatology, Stockholm, 1972.
42.Davenport, A.G. and Isyumov, N., “The application of the boundary layer wind tunnel to the prediction of wind loading,. Proceedings of International Research Seminar, Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures , pp.210-230, 1967.
43.Frank, H. D., “Pedestrian level Wind Criteria Using the Equivalent anerage, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,Vol. 66, pp. 215-226,1997.
44.Hunt, J. C. R., Poulton, E. C., and Mumford, J. C., “The Effects of Wind on People; New Criteria Based on Wind Tunnel Experiments, Building and Environment, Vol. II, pp.15-28, 1976.
45.Hunt, J. C. R and Femholz, H. “Wind-tunnel simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer, a report on Euromech 50, J. F. M, 70, pt. 3, pp.543-559, 1975.
46.Isyumov, N., “Studies of the Pedestrian Level Wind Environment at the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory of University of Western Ontario, Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 3, pp.187-200, 1978.
47.Isyumov, N., and Davenport, A.G., “The Ground Level Wind Environment in Build-Up Areas, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, United Kingdom, p.403-422, 1976.
48.Irwin, H. P. A. H., “A simple omnidirectional sensor for wind-tunnel studies of pedestrian-level winds. J. of Wind Engineering ＆ Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 7, pp.219-239, 1981.
49.Lawson, T.V. and Penwarden, A.D., “The Effects of Wind on People in the Vicinity of Buildings, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, United Kingdom, pp. 605-622, 1976.
50.Penwarden, A. D., “Acceptable wind speeds in towns, Building Science. Vol.8, pp.259-267, 1973.
51.Penwarden, A. D., and Wise, A. F. E., “Wind Environment around Buildings, Building research Establishment Report H.M.S.O., 1975.
52.Williams, C. J. and Soligo M. J., “A Discussion of the Components for a Comprehensive Pedestrian Level Comfort Criteria, Eighth International Conference on Wind Engineering, London, 1991.
53.American National Standard A58.1-1982. Minimum Design Codes for Buildings and Other Structures, ANSI, Inc., New York, 1982.
54.ESDU Strong winds in the atmospheris boundary layer, Part I mean-hourly wind speeds. ESDU Data Item NO.8026, Engineering Sciences Data Unit, London, 51P, 1982.
55.Wind Tunnel Testing: A General Outline, Report of the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, 1991.