臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

背景：臺灣在1987年開放洋菸進口與菸品促銷，加速政府與民間團體共同持續推動拒菸工作，菸害防制法於1997年通過後開始實施。

目標：描述無菸家庭的成長趨勢，並且探討家庭社經地位與無菸家庭關係之變遷。

方法：本研究以家庭為分析單位。分析資料來自主計處1976年、1990年與2003年的「臺灣地區家庭收支調查」，分別有9461、16434、13,681樣本戶。

結果：臺灣無菸家庭率在1976年、1990年與2003年持續上升，分別為19.83％、32.75％、與55.0％。家戶收入在第五分位、戶長教育程度在大專以上、戶長職業為白領的家庭，率先接受拒菸概念、採納戒菸行為，其無菸家庭率率先上升。隨著整體無菸家庭率持續上升，臺灣吸菸不平等現象有逐漸擴大的趨勢。複回歸分析則顯示：家戶收入對於無菸家庭的作用隨著年代而減弱，相對而言，戶長教育程度是無菸家庭最重要的決定因子。

結論：隨著反菸運動與拒菸意識持續發展，臺灣的無菸家庭率持續上升。不同社經地位的家庭，其吸菸不平等現象有逐漸擴大的趨勢。

Background: The market opening to foreign cigarette brands has evoked the anti-smoking movement in Taiwan since 1987. With continuing efforts of Taiwan’s Department of Health and non-governmental organizations and, the Tobacco Hazard Control Act went into effect in 1997.

Objectives: We examine trends in the relationship between familial socioeconomic stastus and smoke-free families in Taiwan.

Methods: Data on the smoking status and socioeconomic characteristics of family came from the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure in Taiwan, with a nationally representative sample of 9,461, 16,434, 13,681 households for index year 1976, 1990 and 2003 respectively.

Results: The prevalence of smoke-free family in Taiwan has increased from 19.9% in 1976, 32.8% in 1990, to 55.0% in 2003. Rich families and families with a highly educated or white-collar household head were early adopters to become smoke-free. Accordingly, the social disparities of smoke-free families have become worse in Taiwan. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the education of the household head has become stronger in determining the smoke-free status, compared to the diminishing effects of family income.

Conclusions: The prevalence of smoke-free families in Taiwan has been increasing over the past 30 years, whereas the social disparities of smoke-free families have continued widening.

第一章 前言 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 論文架構 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 解釋吸菸不平等的相關理論 5
一、 公平逆轉假說(Inverse equity hypothesis) 5
二、 創新擴散理論(Diffusion of Innovation Theory) 7
第二節 吸菸不平等的趨勢實證研究 10
一、 單國趨勢研究 11
二、 跨國趨勢比較研究 18
三、 小結 22
第三節 影響吸菸率趨勢的其他因素 23
一、 家庭層次 23
二、 地區層次 24
三、 國家層次 26
四、 小結 27
第三章 研究材料與方法 28
第一節 研究架構與研究問題 28
第二節 研究材料 30
一、 家庭收支調查簡介 30
二、 目標族群 30
三、 抽樣方法 31
四、 樣本數量 31
五、 調查方法 32
六、 調查時間與日期 32
七、 問卷內容 32
第三節 研究變項 33
一、 依變項 33
二、 自變項 34
三、 控制變項 35
第三節 資料分析方法 38
一、 描述性 38
二、 分析性 38
第四章 研究結果 39
第一節 研究資料基本特性 39
一、 家庭人口組成層面 39
二、 家庭社會經濟特質層面 40
第二節 無菸家庭率 43
一、 臺灣整體無菸家庭率 43
二、 家庭人口組成層面 43
三、 家庭社會經濟特質層面 45
第三節 家戶收入分位、戶長教育程度與戶長職業與無菸家庭 的關係 50
一、 家戶收入分位與戶長教育程度 50
二、 家戶收入分位與戶長職業 51
第四節 家庭社經地位與無菸家庭－多變項分析 52
第五章 討論與建議 54
第一節 主要研究發現 54
一、 臺灣整體無菸家庭率持續上升 55
二、 高社經地位的無菸家庭率率先上升 55
三、 持續擴大的吸菸不平等現象 57
四、 家庭社經地位與無菸家庭關係之變遷 58
五、 小結 60
第二節 研究限制 61
一、 研究資料的限制 61
二、 分析上的限制 62
第三節 建議 64
一、 政策建議 64
二、 研究建議 66
• 參考文獻 68

圖表目錄
表目錄
表 4-1-1 樣本特性分布－家庭人口組成層面 78
表 4-1-2 樣本特性分布－家庭社會經濟特質層面 79
表 4-2-1 無菸家庭率－家庭人口組成層面 80
表 4-2-2 無菸家庭率－家庭社會經濟特質層面 81
表4-2-2-1 無菸家庭率改變情形－家庭社會經濟特質層面 82
表4-2-2-2 無菸家庭率的社經差距83
表4-2-3-1 有菸家庭率率比－1976年、1990年與2003年的比較 84
表4-2-3-2 有菸家庭率率比－1976年、1990年與2003年的比較 84
表 4-3-1 無菸家庭率趨勢分層分析-依戶長教育程度別 85
表 4-3-2 無菸家庭率趨勢分層分析-依戶長職業別 86
表 4-4-1 1976年臺灣家庭社經地位對無菸家庭率的淨作用 87
表 4-4-2 1990年臺灣家庭社經地位對無菸家庭率的淨作用 88
表 4-4-3 2003年臺灣家庭社經地位對無菸家庭率的淨作用 89
表5-1 家戶收入位於第一收入分位的家庭特性分析 90

圖目錄
圖 2-1 公平逆轉假說 91
圖 2-2 吸菸盛行率四階段模式 92
圖 3-1 研究架構 93
圖 4-2-1-1 臺灣無菸家庭率，1976、1990、2003 94
圖 4-2-1-2 不同戶長年齡別之無菸家庭率，1976、1990、2003 94
圖 4-2-1-3 不同家戶型態之無菸家庭率，1976、1990、2003 95
圖 4-2-1-4 不同家中兒童人數之無菸家庭率，1976、1990、2003 95
圖 4-2-1-5 不同家中成年男性人數之無菸家庭率，1976、1990、2003 96
圖 4-2-2-1 不同家戶收入分位之無菸家庭率，1976、1990、2003 96
圖 4-2-2-2 不同戶長教育程度之無菸家庭率，1976、1990、2003 97
圖 4-2-2-3 不同戶長職業之無菸家庭率，1976、1990、2003 97
圖 4-2-2-4 不同居住縣市發展程度之無菸家庭率，1976、1990、2003 98
圖 4-3-1 無菸家庭率之分層分析－不同家戶收入分位與戶長教育程度 99
圖 4-3-2 無菸家庭率之分層分析－不同家戶收入分位與戶長職業 100

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