臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

樟芝（Antrodia camphorata）屬於台灣特有真菌類，僅寄生於台灣特有品種牛樟樹之樹洞中，民間認為其具有許多保健功效。然而子實體栽培困難，故近年多以深層發酵之人工培育方法來生產，但是否仍具生理功能則須以科學方法加以探討。本研究目的乃探討高血脂倉鼠攝取經深層發酵所得樟芝菌絲體或發酵液，對體內脂質代謝與抗氧化狀態的影響。實驗以雄性倉鼠48隻分為6組，分別餵予含15%油脂與0.2%膽固醇的高脂飲食，另每日管餵0.01g之蒸餾水（控制組）、樟芝An5培養液、An5發酵液、樟芝GK101培養液、GK101發酵液或GK101菌絲體，飼養4週後，犧牲取得血液與肝臟進行生化分析。結果顯示，An5發酵液和GK101菌絲體均可顯著降低血清與肝臟中三酸甘油酯（TG）濃度，而二種發酵液都能降低血清與肝臟中總膽固醇濃度（TC）。另GK101發酵液和菌絲體均可降低血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇（LDL-C）濃度，但各種發酵液或菌絲體均對血清高密度脂蛋白膽固醇（HDL-C）濃度沒有影響。抗氧化方面，發酵液與菌絲體均可顯著提升血清總抗氧化狀態，An5發酵液與GK101菌絲體可延長2,2’-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride（AAPH）誘導紅血球溶血時間；二種發酵液可增加LDL之氧化遲滯期。對於抗氧化酵素而言，發酵液與菌絲體均可顯著提升肝臟中麩胱甘過氧化酶（GSH-Px）活性，An5發酵液另可提升葡萄糖-6-磷酸去氫酶（G-6-PDH）和超氧歧化酶（SOD）等酵素活性。由結果可知，樟芝菌絲體和發酵液對於高油脂飲食所誘發的高脂血症與氧化壓力具有保護功能，深具開發成保健食品的潛力。

Antrodia camphorata, is a new and exclusive fungus parasitic on the inner wall of the heart wood of endemic species Cinnamomun kanehirai Hay in Taiwan. It has been considered to have many functional effects in Chinese folk medicine. Solid culture of its fruit body is still difficult, so a submerged culture is the major way in artificial cultivation. However, the biological activities of A. camphorata from submerged culture must be test. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mycelia and cultured filtrate from submerged culture on the lipid metabolism and antioxidative status in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Forty-eight male hamsters were randomly divided into six groups. All groups fed high fat diet containing 15% oil and 0.2% cholesterol. Each animal also received 0.01 g distilled water, cultural medium of A. camphorata An5, filtrate of A. camphorata An5, cultural medium of A. camphorata GK101, filtrate of A. camphorata GK101 or mycelia of A. camphorata GK101 by tube feeding daily for four weeks.
The result showed that the triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations in serum and liver were decreased in hamsters fed filtrate of A. camphorata An5 or mycelia of A. camphorata GK101. Filtrate significantly lowered the total cholesterol (TC) levels in serum and liver. Filtrate or mycelia of A. camphorata GK101 could significantly decrease the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in serum. There was no significant difference in concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the six groups. Both of the filtrate and mycelia could significantly raise serum total antioxidant status. Filtrate of A. camphorata An5 and mycelia of A. camphorata GK101 could increase the duration time of red blood cell hemolysis induced by 2,2’-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). The filtrate groups significantly prolonged the lag phase of LDL oxidation. In livers, both of the filtrate and mycelia could improve the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Hamsters fed filtrate of A. camphorata An5 had higher activities of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) than the ones fed cultural medium or distilled water. Results of the study indicated that feeding of mycelia and cultured filtrate of A. camphorata could alleviate hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress induced by hyperlipidemic diet. It suggested that A. camphorata fermented products can be valuable functional foods.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
目錄…………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
表目錄………………………………………………………………………Ⅸ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………Ⅹ
第一章 前言 ……………………………………………………………1
第二章 文獻回顧 ………………………………………………………3
一、動脈粥狀硬化…………………………………………………………3
（一）動脈粥狀硬化的形成………………………………………………3
（二）氧化修飾的低密度脂蛋白與動脈粥狀硬化………………………3
二、自由基與氧化傷害……………………………………………………6
（一）自由基與反應性氧分子……………………………………………6
（二）自由基對人體的傷害………………………………………………7
三、體內抗氧化防禦系統…………………………………………………8
（一）酵素性抗氧化系統…………………………………………………8
（二）非酵素性抗氧化系統………………………………………………11
四、樟芝……………………………………………………………………14
（一）樟芝…………………………………………………………………14
（二）樟芝的生理機能……………………………………………………19
第三章 材料與方法 ……………………………………………………26
一、實驗材料………………………………………………………………26
（一）動物品系……………………………………………………………26（二）飼料成分……………………………………………………………26
（三）樟芝來源……………………………………………………………26
（四）分析試劑……………………………………………………………27
（五）儀器設備……………………………………………………………28
二、實驗方法………………………………………………………………29
（一）實驗動物飼養條件及飼料配製……………………………………29
（二）動物犧牲與檢體收集………………………………………………30
（三）生化分析項目………………………………………………………31
三、統計分析………………………………………………………………38
第四章 結果 ……………………………………………………………40
一、動物體重、肝重與生長變化…………………………………………40
二、樟芝對血清脂質的影響………………………………………………40
三、樟芝對肝臟脂質的影響………………………………………………41
四、樟芝對血液中抗氧化能力的影響……………………………………42
五、樟芝對肝臟中抗氧化狀態的影響……………………………………43
第五章 討論 ……………………………………………………………53
一、實驗動物與飼料配方…………………………………………………53
二、樟芝對動物生長的影響………………………………………………54
三、樟芝對膽固醇代謝的影響……………………………………………54
四、樟芝對三酸甘油酯代謝的影響………………………………………57
五、樟芝對倉鼠體內脂質代謝的影響……………………………………58
六、樟芝對抗氧化酵素活性的影響………………………………………59
七、樟芝的抗氧化作用……………………………………………………60
八、樟芝對倉鼠體內抗氧化狀態的影響…………………………………65
第六章 結論………………………………………………………………66
第七章 參考文獻…………………………………………………………67

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