臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本研究目的在於針對通用型電腦工作站進行使用性的評估。9位肢體障礙者與10位健康年輕人參與測試評估，以瞭解他們操作電腦的績效、各部位的舒適程度和滿意度，並記錄在三種姿勢下(站、坐、躺)，使用者調整後的各個偏好參數值。
　　結果顯示，躺姿與坐姿在操作電腦的績效上並沒有顯著性的差異。健康年輕人在躺姿使用此工作站的平均舒適度為4.2分(SD=1.3)，肢體障礙者的平均舒適度為4.4分(SD=1.3)，表示受測者認為使用此工作站感到舒適。健康年輕人在坐姿使用此工作站時的平均滿意度為3.7分(SD=1.1)，肢體障礙者的平均滿意度為3.7分(SD=1.0)，表示受測者對於此工作站的滿意度有不錯的評價。
　　使用自製的通用型電腦工作站，能夠調整成站、坐、躺著的姿勢，其設計也能夠讓輪椅輕易的進出。如果能以平躺的姿勢來代替坐姿使用電腦，確實能減少腰椎所承受的壓力值。本研究也收集了使用者的建議，可以提供未來改善通用型電腦工作站的參考。

　　The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usabiblity of an universal computer workstation. The 9 handicaped and 10 healthy people participated the test and evaluation, in order to understand the performance of computer operation, the comfort for body parts and satisfaction. Further, the preferred setting parameters for the three postures (standing, sitting, and supine) were collected.
　　The results showed that there were no significant differences in computer performance between the supine and sitting postures. In supine postures, the healthy people had the mean rating in comfort of 4.2 (SD=1.3). The handicapped had the mean rating in comfort of 4.4 (SD=1.3). It means the subjects considered this workstation as comfortable. In sitting postures, the healthy people had the mean rating in satisfaction of 3.7 (SD=1.1). The handicapped had the mean rating in satisfaction of 3.7 (SD=1.0). It indicates this workstation satisfied the subjects.
　　 Using the self-made universal computer workstation can successfully adopt standing, sitting, and supine postures. This design also allows easy access of wheelchair. If you can adopt supine posture to use the computer instead of sitting, the lumbar pressure can be reduced. The users’ recommendations were also collected in this study that can provide helpful references for further improvement of an universal computer workstation.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IVV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究架構 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 通用型設計 6
第二節 電腦作業的危害因子 8
第三節 三種姿勢VDT作業的探討 10
第四節 特殊使用者 12
第五節 電腦作業之績效測量 13
第三章 研究方法與步驟 16
第一節 受測者 16
第二節 實驗設備 17
第三節 實驗設計 19
1.姿勢的偏好角度與距離 19
2.電腦作業 21
3.評估項目 22
4.控制因子 24
第四節 實驗流程 25
1.健康年輕人 25
2.肢體障礙者 26
第五節 資料統計與分析 26
第四章 結果 28
第一節　調整後的偏好參數 28
1.健康年輕人 28
2.肢體障礙者 31
第二節　操作績效 35
1.健康年輕人 35
2.肢體障礙者 37
第三節　主觀舒適程度問卷 39
1.健康年輕人 39
2.肢體障礙者 42
第四節　滿意度調查表 44
1.健康年輕人 44
2.肢體障礙者 51
第五章 討論 57
第一節　肢體障礙者 57
1.操作績效 57
2.主觀舒適問卷 57
3.重要性與滿意度 58
第二節　健康年輕人 58
1.操作績效 58
2.主觀舒適問卷 59
3.重要性與滿意度 59
第三節　調整後的偏好參數 60
第四節　研究限制 61
第六章 結論與建議 63
第一節 結論 63
第二節 建議 63
參考文獻 65


表目錄
表 2- 1行政院勞工安全衛生研究所建議坐姿的規範 9
表 2- 2兩種設定條件的說明 (初和融，2010) 12
表 4- 1健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於調整後偏好參數之平均值與標準差 29
表 4- 2健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於調整後偏好參數之ANOVA分析 30
表 4- 3健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於調整後偏好參數之Tukey事後檢定 31
表 4- 4肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於調整後偏好參數之平均值與標準差 32
表 4- 5肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於調整後偏好參數之ANOVA分析表 33
表 4- 6在坐姿的姿勢下族群對於調整後偏好參數之ANOVA表 34
表 4- 7在躺姿的姿勢下族群對於調整後偏好參數之ANOVA表 35
表 4- 8健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於電腦操作績效之平均值與標準差 36
表 4- 9健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於電腦操作績效之ANOVA分析表 37
表 4- 10肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於電腦操作績效之平均值與標準差 38
表 4- 11肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於電腦操作績效之ANOVA分析表 38
表 4- 12健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於操作電腦的主觀舒適程度之平均值與標準差 41
表 4- 13健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於操作電腦的主觀舒適程度之ANOVA分析表 41
表 4- 14健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於操作電腦的主觀舒適程度之Tukey事後檢定 42
表 4- 15肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於操作電腦的主觀舒適程度之平均值與標準差 43
表 4- 16肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於操作電腦的主觀舒適程度之ANOVA分析表 44
表 4- 17健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於八項工作的重要性與滿意度之平均值與標準差 46
表 4- 18肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於重要度與滿意度之平均值與標準差 53


圖目錄
圖1- 1四種不同類型的電腦工作站 (Haynes and Williams, 2007) 2
圖1- 2 研究架構 5
圖2- 1重要性與滿意度-績效模式 (Polcyn, 1986) 15
圖3- 1自製通用型工作站 18
圖3- 2躺(a)、站(b)、坐(c)三種型態變化 18
圖3- 3自製通用型工作站的尺寸規格 18
圖3- 4站姿的平均作業姿勢圖 20
圖3- 5坐姿的平均作業姿勢圖 20
圖3- 6躺姿的平均作業姿勢圖 21
圖3- 7滑鼠拖曳試驗項目示意圖 22
圖3- 8健康年輕人的滑鼠穩定度測驗示意圖 22
圖3- 9肢體障礙者的滑鼠穩定度測驗示意圖 23
圖3- 10重要性與滿意度的二維空間分布圖 24
圖4- 1健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於第一項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 47
圖4- 2健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於第二項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 47
圖4- 3健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於第三項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 48
圖4- 4健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於第四項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 48
圖4- 5健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於第五項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 49
圖4- 6健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於第六項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 49
圖4- 7健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於第七項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 50
圖4-8健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於第八項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 50
圖4- 9健康年輕人在站坐躺三種姿勢下對於全部八項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 51
圖4- 10肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於第一項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 53
圖4- 11肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於第三項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 54
圖4- 12肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於第四項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 54
圖4- 13肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於第五項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 55
圖4- 14肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於第六項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 55
圖4-15肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於第七項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 56
圖4- 16肢體障礙者在坐躺兩種姿勢下對於全部六項工作的滿意度二維空間分布圖 56

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