臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以社會網絡分析探討（1）居住地之都市性的差異對於個人網絡特徵的影響為何。（2）性別在個人網絡的特徵上之異同，兩性是否生活在不同的社會世界之中？都市性對於兩性在個人網絡特徵上的影響是否相同？（3）個人與網絡成員之間的關係內容及特性(同質性或是異質性)是否會對於網絡的結構特徵造成影響。
文獻部份回顧都市社會學理論的三個學派：都市決定論、人口組成論及次文化論，以及有關社會網絡之經驗研究。本研究使用「台灣地區社會變遷基本調查」1997年第三期第三次的資料，研究發現都市決定論的觀點沒有獲得完全的驗證，儘管都市人的個人網絡密度較低，但卻擁有較大的網絡規模。然而，在某種程度上，則符合組成論及次文化理論的觀點，都市人仍然與其網絡成員保有一定強度的聯繫，但都市人與其網絡成員之間沒有特別趨於同質，跨族群的交往反而增加。
另一方面，控制了其他個人特徵之後，性別仍然對於許多網絡特徵有顯著的影響：女性的個人網絡規模較大，聯繫強度較強。內容特性方面，女性網絡中的親屬比例較高，在各項同質性上兩性也有差異存在。兩性確實生活在不同的社會世界之中。
此外本研究發現影響個人網絡結構的不只有個人特徵等因素，個人與網絡中他人的關係類型及同質特性也會對於個人網絡的結構造成影響，表示個人網絡並非由個人完全的主動性而形成，還受到網絡中他人成員的影響，彼此之間的個人特徵越趨於同質則越可能相互熟識，他人往往因自我的納入而使他人的網絡也進入了自我的網絡中。因此在解釋個人網絡的特徵時，應該考量到網絡中有如此的遞移性存在，才能對於網絡結構的形成有更深入的了解。

Using social network analysis, this study examines (1) how urbanism affects the characteristics of personal networks, (2) how men’s and women’s personal networks differ in their compositions, and (3) how the relation type and homophily of ego and the alter affect the characteristics of personal networks.
The data of this study is taken from the“Taiwan Social Change Surveys”collected in 1997. The results show that the perspectives of determinist theory are not totally confirmed. Although the network densities are lower in the city than those in the countryside, the urban networks are of larger size. Furthermore, to some extent, the results conform what the compositional theory and subculture theory would predict, only that the urbanites maintain more cross-ethnic interactions than others.
After other personal characteristics being controlled, men’s and women’s personal networks still differ in many aspects. Compared to men, women’s networks are larger and comprised of more kin. Men and women do live in different social worlds.
Finally, not only personal characteristics, the relation type and homophily of ego and alter also affect the structure of personal networks, especially in the ties trength. Hence, the ego networks are better conceputalized as the joint works of both the egos and their ego network members.

第一章 導論 1
第一節 研究源起及動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
第一節 社群研究與社會網絡分析的結合 4
第二節 個人網絡的意涵 5
第三節 都市社會學理論與相關研究 7
第四節 性別與個人網絡 13
第五節 研究架構與研究假設 15
第三章 研究方法 17
第一節 資料來源 17
第二節 變項說明及測量 17
第三節 分析方法 20
第四節 樣本特性及描述統計 21
第四章 研究結果 24
第一節 都市性與個人網絡的關係 24
第二節 性別與個人網絡之關係 29
第三節 影響個人網絡特徵之因素 35
第四節 小結 50
第五章 結論 52
第一節 研究發現與討論 52
第二節 研究限制與建議 56
附錄　加入交互作用的迴歸模型 58
參考書目 59

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