臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文採用2000年至2014年華人家庭動態資料庫 (Panel Study of Family Dynamics; PSFD)，以子女「滿25歲」為分界點，探討跨世代間月薪的相關性，此即文獻所謂之跨世代所得彈性 (Intergenerational Elasticity (IGE) of Earnings)。本文以迴歸分析，搭配所得移轉矩陣的方法，衡量兩世代月薪間的關聯性，最後再以月薪差距倍數的方法，評估兩代所得不均間的相關性，藉此探討臺灣是否存在蓋茲比曲線 (the Great Gatsby curve) 的情況。由迴歸分析發現，子女月薪除了與父母月薪呈現正相關外，子女月薪另與現居地、年資、工時、性別、年齡、婚姻狀態、樣本年度以及學歷等變數具關聯性。子女25歲前，北部子女月薪將高於其他地區的子女，且子女學歷與月薪呈現負相關。另由所得移轉矩陣可知，低月薪子女源自於高月薪富裕家境的比率偏高。當子女滿25歲以後，除了現居地對子女月薪影響減弱外，子女性別與學歷反而成為影響其月薪的重要因素，子女月薪中，男性高於女性，並且擁有大學學歷的子女月薪，將高於學歷為大學以下的子女。此外，父母月薪1%的增長，將導致子女月薪0.04%至0.09%的成長。最後，由所得移轉矩陣分析中亦可得知，隨著子女年齡增長，低月薪子女源自於低月薪貧困家庭的現象，高於高月薪子女源自於高月薪富裕家庭的比率。即低月薪子女跨世代所得向上流動性偏低，此亦反映低月薪貧困家庭的子女，其具有不易脫離貧窮背景的情況。本文另以月薪差距倍數，探討父母對子女月薪影響程度之加深，是否伴隨所得不均的增加，透過子女滿25歲前後兩階段可知，子女與父母月薪差距倍數的相關性呈現上升，意即短期IGE與所得不均度具有相關性，而蓋茲比曲線亦可能存在於現今臺灣社會中。

This paper utilizes the data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) in Taiwan from 2000 to 2014 to investigate the relevance of current monthly earnings in two-generation family in which the threshold children age is 25. The measure of this relevance is called “Intergenerational Elasticity (IGE) of Earnings” in related literature. In this paper, regression analysis and transition matrices are employed to quantity the relationship of current monthly earnings between a cohort of parents and a cohort of children. In addition, the earnings inequality is assessed by calculating the 80:20 earnings ratio to explore whether the Great Gatsby curve exists in Taiwan. The results of regression analysis show that there is a positive correlation of earnings between children and their parents. Children’s earnings can also be related to residence, seniority, working hours, gender, age, marriage status, sample year, education levels, and etc. Of all the children under 25 years old, those who live in northern Taiwan will get higher earnings than those living in other regions, and there is a negative correlation between their education levels and earnings. However, when children come to age of 25 or above, the influence of current residence on their earnings gets weaker. Instead, the gender and education level become more important to children’s earnings. Sons’ earnings are higher than daughters’. Children with a bachelor’s degree have higher earnings than those who don’t. The transition matrices in this paper discover a large proportion of children with low earnings come from rich families before children turn to the age of 25. On the contrary, as children grow old, the proportion of children with low earnings from poor families is higher than that of those with high earnings from rich families. This implies that upward mobility of earnings is difficult for children with low earnings. In other words, Taiwanese children from a low-earnings family background have difficulty getting out of poverty. At the end of this paper, the 80:20 earnings ratio is applied to observe whether earnings inequality increases when the influence of parents’ earnings on children deepens. The study of the two stages, before and after the age of 25, finds out that children and their parents’ earnings inequality both have increasing trends. This implies that the Great Gatsby curve exists in Taiwan.

第一章 緒論 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
第一節 教育與跨世代所得流動的關聯 4
第二節 機會不平等與跨世代所得流動的關聯 5
第三節 國內跨世代所得彈性之相關研究 6
第三章 資料來源及描述 7
第一節 PSFD資料庫結構 7
第二節 PSFD資料庫樣本類型 9
第三節 變數定義及處理 15
第四章 敘述統計 18
第一節 子女與父母月薪的比較 19
第二節 子女月薪與年齡及工作變數的關聯 27
第三節 子女月薪於個人資料變數中的描述 32
第四節 子女月薪於教育變數中的描述 34
第五章 實證分析與結果 40
第一節 迴歸分析 40
第二節 所得移轉矩陣分析 47
第三節 月薪差距倍數分析 54
第四節 實證結果整理與貢獻 57
第六章 結論與建議 60
參考文獻 62

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中文文獻
楊中超. (2016), “教育擴招促進了代際流動？” 社會(The Chinese Journal of Sociology), 36:6, 180-208.
陳冠霖. (2014), “跨代社會流動—以台灣資料實證分析” 碩士論文, 國立臺灣大學.
使用的資料庫
華人家庭動態資料庫 (Panel Study of Family Dynamics; PSFD)
網址：https://srda.sinica.edu.tw/group/scigview/2/5，最近存取月份：2017年9月。
此資料庫是由中央研究院朱敬一院士所計畫。在1999年首次進行面訪調查，最後面訪年度為2016年，目前公開釋出提供民眾使用的年份截至2014年止。