Acknowledgements(誌謝)…………...……………………………...….….ii 中文摘要………………………………...…………..…………………...….iv Abstract……………………………………………………………………vi Contents…………………………..…...………………………………..….viii List of Tables……………........................................…………………….xii List of Figures……………………………………………………….……..xiv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………….1 1-1 Foreword………………………………………………………...….1 1-2 Motivation and Objectives…………………………………………8 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………15 2-1 Definition of Extensive Green Roofs……………………...……16 2-2 Advantages of Extensive Green Roofs………………………...19 2-3 Vegetation of Extensive Green Roofs………………………….24 2-4 Growing Substrate of Extensive Green Roofs………………...29 2-5 Drainage and Water Retention Layers of Extensive Green roofs…………………………………………………………….…31 CHAPTER 3 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT PLANTING SUBSTRATES AND IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES IN EXTENSIVE TROPICAL GREEN ROOFS……………………….…33 3-1 Introduction…………………………………………………….…33 3-2 Materials and Methods………………………………………..…39 3-2-1 Vegetation……………………………………………….…39 3-2-2 Substrates………………………………………………….41 3-2-3 Methods…………………………………………………….43 3-3 Results……………………………………………………….……49 3-3-1 Thermal Performance of the Four Substrates………….51 3-3-2 Thermal Performance of the Three Irrigation Regimes..57 3-3-3 Coverage Ratio of the Four Plants……………………....61 3-4 Discussion and Conclusion………………………………….….62 CHAPTER 4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF SINTERED SLUDGE AS PLANTING SUBSTRATE IN GREEN ROOFS…………………………………...69 4-1 Introduction………………………………………………….……69 4-2 Materials and Methods……………………………………….….73 4-3 Results……………………………………………….……………76 4-3-1 Bulk Density………………………………………………..76 4-3-2 Water Holding Capacity…………………………………..77 4-3-3 Porosity…………………………………..…………………77 4-3-4 Particle Cylindrical Crushing Strength………………..…78 4-3-5 pH Value……………………………………………………79 4-3-6 Electrical Conductivity…………………………….………80 4-4 Discussion and Conclusion…………………………….……….84 CHAPTER 5 DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOF MODULE SYSTEM…………………………………...………87 5-1 Introduction………...…………………………………………..…87 5-2 Design Process of Planting Container…………………………88 5-2-1 Phase One…………………………………………………88 5-2-2 Phase Two…………………………………………………90 5-2-3 Phase Three………………………………………….……93 5-3 Thermal Performance of Module Specimen…….………….…96 5-4 Implementation of Extensive Green Roof Module System…..99 5-5 Vision in the Future…………………………………………..…102 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS……………....…103 6-1 Conclusion……….............................................................…103 6-1-1 Heat-insulating Growing Substrates…………….......…103 6-1-2 Drought-enduring Vegetation...................................…104 6-1-3 Best Irrigation Frequency.........................................…105 6-1-4 Optimum Planting Container....................................…105 6-2 Suggestions......................................................................…106 References....................................................................................…109
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